Randomized Trial of a Broad Preventive Intervention for Mexican American Adolescents

Objective—This randomized trial of a family-focused preventive intervention for Mexican American (MA) adolescents evaluated intervention effects on adolescent substance use, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and school discipline and grade records in 8th grade, one year after completion of the intervention. The study also examined hypothesized mediators and moderators of intervention effects. Method—Stratified by language of program delivery (English vs. Spanish), the trial included a sample of 516 MA adolescents (50.8% female; M =12.3 years, SD=.54) and at least one caregiver that were randomized to receive a low dosage control group workshop or the 9-week group intervention that included parenting, adolescent coping, and conjoint family sessions. Results—Positive program effects were found on all five outcomes at one-year posttest, but varied depending on whether adolescents, parents, or teachers reported on the outcome. Intervention effects were mediated by posttest changes in effective parenting, adolescent coping efficacy, adolescent school engagement, and family cohesion. The majority of direct and mediated effects were moderated by language, with a larger number of significant effects for families that participated in Spanish. Intervention effects also were moderated by baseline levels of mediators and outcomes, with the majority showing stronger effects for families with poorer functioning at baseline. Conclusion—Findings support the efficacy of the intervention to decrease multiple problem outcomes for MA adolescents, but also demonstrate differential effects for parents and adolescents receiving the intervention in Spanish vs. English, and depending on their baseline levels of functioning

Accelerated apoptotic death and <i>in vivo</i> turnover of erythrocytes in mice lacking functional mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2

The mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2 plays a decisive role in apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death called eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Here, we explored whether MSK1/2 participates in the regulation of eryptosis. To this end, erythrocytes were isolated from mice lacking functional MSK1/2 (msk−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (msk+/+). Blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mean erythrocyte volume were similar in both msk−/− and msk+/+ mice, but reticulocyte count was significantly increased in msk−/− mice. Cell membrane PS exposure was similar in untreated msk−/− and msk+/+ erythrocytes, but was enhanced by pathophysiological cell stressors ex vivo such as hyperosmotic shock or energy depletion to significantly higher levels in msk−/− erythrocytes than in msk+/+ erythrocytes. Cell shrinkage following hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion, as well as hemolysis following decrease of extracellular osmolarity was more pronounced in msk−/− erythrocytes. The in vivo clearance of autologously-infused CFSE-labeled erythrocytes from circulating blood was faster in msk−/− mice. The spleens from msk−/− mice contained a significantly greater number of PS-exposing erythrocytes than spleens from msk+/+ mice. The present observations point to accelerated eryptosis and subsequent clearance of erythrocytes leading to enhanced erythrocyte turnover in MSK1/2-deficient mice

Atribuciones causales y nivel educativo familiar en la comprensión del desempeño escolar en alumnos portugueses

Este artigo analisa o contributo específico do nível educativo familiar e das atribuições causais para o bom e fraco rendimento escolar dos alunos na explicação do seu desempenho nas disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa e de Matemática numa amostra de 2.082 alunos do ensino público de 11 escolas de Portugal, incluindo as Regiões Autónomas dos Açores e da Madeira. As atribuições causais foram avaliadas por meio do Questionário das Atribuições Causais para os Resultados Escolares (QARE). O nível educativo familiar foi estimado levando em conta o nível escolar do progenitor com maior habilitação escolar. As classificações obtidas pelos alunos nas disciplinas de língua portuguesa e matemática foram também examinadas. Os resultados apontam para correlações estatisticamente significativas, destacando as atribuições na capacidade para a explicação do rendimento escolar, situação que contrasta com a atribuição dos níveis de rendimento a variáveis externas ao aluno. A análise de regressão permite associar 34,5% da variância no rendimento conjunto em Língua Portuguesa e em Matemática no ensino básico, assim como 21,3% no ensino secundário, às dimensões atribucionais e ao nível educativo familiar. Implicações educacionais são derivadas a partir dos achados.This paper analyzes the contribution of both family educational level and causal attributions in explaining students´ academic performance in Mathematics and Portuguese Language in a sample of 2.082 public school students from mainland Portugal and the Azores and Madeira regions. Causal attributions were assessed by the Causal Attributions Questionnaire for School Results (QARE). The family educational level was estimated taking into account the educational level of the parent with higher academic degree. The academic grades obtained by students in mathematics and portuguese language were also considered. The results show statistically significant correlations between variables. Internal causal attributions such as capacity and study methods were predominant to explain school performance in the sample and stood out in contrast to external attributions explanations. Regression analyses revealed that 34.5% of the variance in the combined achievement on Portuguese Language and Mathematics in primary education and 21.3% in secondary education could be explained by both the attributional dimensions and family education level. Some educational implications are present taking these data.Este artículo analiza la contribución específica del nivel educativo familiar y de las atribuciones causales para el buen y el flaco rendimiento escolar de los alumnos en la explicación de su desempeño en las disciplinas de Lengua Portuguesa y Matemáticas en una muestra de 2.082 alumnos de enseñanza pública de 11 escuelas de Portugal, incluyendo las Regiones Autónomas de Açores y Madeira. Las atribuciones causales fueron evaluadas por medio del “Questionário das Atribuições Causais para os Resultados Escolares” (QARE). El nivel educativo familiar fue estimado teniendo en cuenta el nivel escolar del progenitor con mayor habilitación escolar. Las clasificaciones obtenidas por los alumnos en las disciplinas de lengua portuguesa y matemáticas fueron también examinadas. Los resultados señalaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas, destacando las atribuciones en la capacidad para la explicación del rendimiento escolar, situación que contrasta con la atribución de los niveles de rendimiento a variables externas al alumno. El análisis de regresión permite asociar 34.5% de la variancia en el rendimiento conjunto de la Lengua Portuguesa y las Matemáticas en la enseñanza básica, así como 21.3% en la enseñanza secundaria, a las dimensiones de atribución y al nivel educativo familiar. Implicaciones educacionales son derivadas a partir de los hallazgos.Editora Universitária São Francisc

A Computational Approach to Analyze the Mechanism of Action of the Kinase Inhibitor Bafetinib

Prediction of drug action in human cells is a major challenge in biomedical research. Additionally, there is strong interest in finding new applications for approved drugs and identifying potential side effects. We present a computational strategy to predict mechanisms, risks and potential new domains of drug treatment on the basis of target profiles acquired through chemical proteomics. Functional protein-protein interaction networks that share one biological function are constructed and their crosstalk with the drug is scored regarding function disruption. We apply this procedure to the target profile of the second-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor bafetinib which is in development for the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Beside the well known effect on apoptosis, we propose potential treatment of lung cancer and IGF1R expressing blast crisis

PSI and GNSS derived ground subsidence detection in the UNESCO Heritage City of Ahmedabad, Western India

Presently, ground subsidence in urban areas is becoming a peril to the infrastructure and society. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of the results, based on the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and groundwater in the ‘World Heritage City’ of Ahmedabad, a major metro city in western India. The PSI technique is applied to measure the ground subsidence using the Sentinel 1 A dataset for the period 2017 to 2020. The results reveal a subsidence, maximum up to the level of 25 mm/yr in the areas of the southeast and west parts of the city. Analysis derived from GNSS results indicates a significant amount of ground subsidence based on the 2009–2020 dataset. Groundwater data (1995–2019) were analyzed to identify factors likely to cause ground subsidence and the results are in close agreement with the PSI and GNSS results