Peranan Aparatur Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Minahasa dalam Mengembangkan Objek Wisata Budaya Watu Pinabetengan

Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Minahasa merupakanunsur pelaksana teknis kegiatan dibidang Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan yangharus menjalankan tugas dan fungsi sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan BupatiNo. 13 Tahun 2008 Tentang Penjabaran Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi DinasPariwisata dan Kebudayaan. Oleh sebab itu, dalam rangka pengembangan objekwisata aparatur Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan harus berperan dengan baikbekerja optimal guna mengembangkan objek wisata Watu Pinabetegan sehinggaobjek wisata ini dapat dikenal keberadaannya dengan budaya dan nilai sejarahyang kental demi tercapainya tujuan pengembangan objek wisata.Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan aparaturDinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan, serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan dalammengembangkan objek wisata budaya watu Pinabetengan. Metode penelitianyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yaitumedeskripsikan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh lewat observasi dan analisasubjek dan objek.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dan dianalisa penulismendapatkan bahwa peranan aparatur Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan belummelaksanakan tugas dengan optimal menjalankan tugas dan fungsi dalampengembangan objek wisata budaya watu Pinabetengan. untuk itu demiberkembangnya dengan baik objek wisata budaya Watu Pinabetengan ini,aparatur Dinas pariwisata dan kebudayaan dituntut untuk melakukan tugas danfungsi dengan sebaik-baiknya

Optical-inertia space sextant for an advanced space navigation system, phase B

Optical-inertia space sextant for advanced space navigation syste

Valve-sparing neo-aortic root replacement after Fontan completion for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Digitalitzat per Artypla

Ink from longfin inshore squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, as a chemical and visual defense against two predatory fishes, summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and sea catfish, Ariopsis felis

Author Posting. © Marine Biological Laboratory, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Marine Biological Laboratory for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Biological Bulletin 225 (2013): 152-160.Chemical and visual defenses are used by many organisms to avoid being approached or eaten by predators. An example is inking molluscs—including gastropods such as sea hares and cephalopods such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopus—which release a colored ink upon approach or attack. Previous work showed that ink can protect molluscs through a combination of chemical, visual, and other effects. In this study, we examined the effects of ink from longfin inshore squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, on the behavior of two species of predatory fishes, summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and sea catfish, Ariopsis felis. Using a cloud assay, we found that ink from longfin inshore squid affected the approach phase of predation by summer flounder, primarily through its visual effects. Using a food assay, we found that the ink affected the consummatory and ingestive phase of predation of both sea catfish and summer flounder, through the ink's chemical properties. Fractionation of ink showed that most of its deterrent chemical activity is associated with melanin granules, suggesting that either compounds adhering to these granules or melanin itself are the most biologically active. This work provides the basis for a comparative approach to identify deterrent molecules from inking cephalopods and to examine neural mechanisms whereby these chemicals affect behavior of fish, using the sea catfish as a chemosensory model.Our project was supported by National Science Foundation grant IOS-1036742 and REU supplements IOS-1338385, IOS 1234038, and IOS-1130244; by The Plum Foundation John E. Dowling Fellowship Fund and the Colwin Endowed Summer Research Fellowship Fund from the Marine Biological Laboratory; and by a Second Century Initiative graduate fellowship from Georgia State University

Structuring and support by Alfven waves around prestellar cores

Observations of molecular clouds show the existence of starless, dense cores, threaded by magnetic fields. Observed line widths indicate these dense condensates to be embedded in a supersonically turbulent environment. Under these conditions, the generation of magnetic waves is inevitable. In this paper, we study the structure and support of a 1D plane-parallel, self-gravitating slab, as a monochromatic, circularly polarized Alfven wave is injected in its central plane. Dimensional analysis shows that the solution must depend on three dimensionless parameters. To study the nonlinear, turbulent evolution of such a slab, we use 1D high resolution numerical simulations. For a parameter range inspired by molecular cloud observations, we find the following. 1) A single source of energy injection is sufficient to force persistent supersonic turbulence over several hydrostatic scale heights. 2) The time averaged spatial extension of the slab is comparable to the extension of the stationary, analytical WKB solution. Deviations, as well as the density substructure of the slab, depend on the wave-length of the injected wave. 3) Energy losses are dominated by loss of Poynting-flux and increase with increasing plasma beta. 4) Good spatial resolution is mandatory, making similar simulations in 3D currently prohibitively expensive.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. The manuscript with full color, high-resolution, figures can be downloaded from http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/papers/folini/folini_p_nf.htm

Absolute and convective instabilities of parallel propagating circularly polarized Alfvén waves: numerical results

Context.The stability of parallel propagating circularly polarized Alfvén waves (pump waves) has been studied for more than four decades with the use of normal mode analysis. It is well known that the normal mode analysis does not answer the question if a pump wave looks stable or unstable in a particular reference frame. To answer this question it is necessary to find out if the instability is absolute or convective in this reference frame. Aims.We extend our previous study of absolute and convective instabilities of pump waves with small amplitude to pump waves with arbitrary amplitude. Methods.To study the absolute and convective instabilities of pump waves with arbitrary amplitude we numerically implement Brigg's method. Results.We show that the wave is absolutely unstable in a reference frame moving with the velocity U with respect to the rest plasma if U satisfies the inequality Ul Ur) we study the signalling problem. We show that spatially amplifying waves exist only when the signalling frequency is in two symmetric frequency bands, and calculate the dependences of the boundaries of these bands on U for different values of a . We also obtain the dependences of the maximum spatial amplification rate on U for different values of a . The implication of these results on the interpretation of observational data from space missions is discussed. In particular, it is shown that circularly polarized Alfvén waves propagating in the solar wind are convectively unstable in a reference frame of any realistic spacecraft

Cephalopod Ink: Production, Chemistry, Functions and Applications

One of the most distinctive and defining features of coleoid cephalopods—squid, cuttlefish and octopus—is their inking behavior. Their ink, which is blackened by melanin, but also contains other constituents, has been used by humans in various ways for millennia. This review summarizes our current knowledge of cephalopod ink. Topics include: (1) the production of ink, including the functional organization of the ink sac and funnel organ that produce it; (2) the chemical components of ink, with a focus on the best known of these—melanin and the biochemical pathways involved in its production; (3) the neuroecology of the use of ink in predator-prey interactions by cephalopods in their natural environment; and (4) the use of cephalopod ink by humans, including in the development of drugs for biomedical applications and other chemicals for industrial and other commercial applications. As is hopefully evident from this review, much is known about cephalopod ink and inking, yet more striking is how little we know. Towards closing that gap, future directions in research on cephalopod inking are suggested

Shelling out for genomics

A report on the symposium 'Genomic and Proteomic Approaches to Crustacean Biology' held as part of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2006 Annual Meeting, Orlando, USA, 4-8 January 2006

Spiny lobsters detect conspecific blood-borne alarm cues exclusively through olfactory sensilla

When attacked by predators, diverse animals actively or passively release molecules that evoke alarm and related anti-predatory behavior by nearby conspecifics. The actively released molecules are alarm pheromones, whereas the passively released molecules are alarm cues. For example, many insects have alarm-signaling systems that involve active release of alarm pheromones from specialized glands and detection of these signals using specific sensors. Many crustaceans passively release alarm cues, but the nature of the cues,sensors and responses is poorly characterized. Here we show in laboratory and field experiments that injured Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, passively release alarm cues via blood (hemolymph) that induce alarm responses in the form of avoidance and suppression of feeding. These cues are detected exclusively through specific olfactory chemosensors,the aesthetasc sensilla. The alarm cues for Caribbean spiny lobsters are not unique to the species but do show some phylogenetic specificity: P. argus responds primarily with alarm behavior to conspecific blood, but with mixed alarm and appetitive behaviors to blood from the congener Panulirus interruptus, or with appetitive behaviors to blood from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. This study lays the foundation for future neuroethological studies of alarm cue systems in this and other decapod crustaceans