Inhalasi Lemon Mengurangi Mual Muntah Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Satu

Mual dan muntah pada kehamilan umumnya disebut morning sickness, dialami oleh sekitar 70-80% wanita hamil dan merupakan fenomena yang sering terjadi pada umur kehamilan 5-12 minggu. Lemon minyak esensial (Citrus Lemon) adalah salah satu minyak herbal yang dianggap sebagai obat yang aman pada kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inhalasi aromaterapi lemon terhadap morning sickness pada ibu hamil di BPS Lia Maria SST Sukarame Bandar Lampung Tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Pre-Experimental Design dengan bentuk One Group Pre-test and Post-test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil Trimester I yang mengalami morning sickness. Teknik Sampel dengan purposive sampling. Analisa bivariat menggunakan uji t Dependen. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan frekuensi mual muntah sebelum diberikan inhalasi aromaterapi lemon diperoleh nilai rata-rata 24.67 dan frekuensi mual muntah sesudah diberikan inhalasi aromaterapi lemon diperoleh rata-rata 17.87 Ada pengaruh pemberian inhalasi aromaterapi lemon terhadap morning sickness pada ibu hamil dengan P-value = 0.000. Oleh karena itu disarankan bagi ibu hamil yang mengalami mual muntah dapat menerapkan pengobatan aromaterapi lemon  untuk mengurangi mual muntah sehingga dapat mengurangi penggunaan obat farmakologi yang ada efek sampingnya

Speckle Statistics in Adaptively Corrected Images

(abridged) Imaging observations are generally affected by a fluctuating background of speckles, a particular problem when detecting faint stellar companions at small angular separations. Knowing the distribution of the speckle intensities at a given location in the image plane is important for understanding the noise limits of companion detection. The speckle noise limit in a long-exposure image is characterized by the intensity variance and the speckle lifetime. In this paper we address the former quantity through the distribution function of speckle intensity. Previous theoretical work has predicted a form for this distribution function at a single location in the image plane. We developed a fast readout mode to take short exposures of stellar images corrected by adaptive optics at the ground-based UCO/Lick Observatory, with integration times of 5 ms and a time between successive frames of 14.5 ms ($\lambda=2.2$ $\mu$m). These observations temporally oversample and spatially Nyquist sample the observed speckle patterns. We show, for various locations in the image plane, the observed distribution of speckle intensities is consistent with the predicted form. Additionally, we demonstrate a method by which $I_c$ and $I_s$ can be mapped over the image plane. As the quantity $I_c$ is proportional to the PSF of the telescope free of random atmospheric aberrations, this method can be used for PSF calibration and reconstruction.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, ApJ accepte

An evaluation of the practices of, and barriers to, continuous improvement through learning on NHS LIFT projects

The Department of Health (DoH), which is responsible for maintaining the overall health of people living in England through the National Health Service (NHS), introduced the Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) initiative in 2000 to reverse the declining state of primary care infrastructure. The initiative involves partnerships between diverse public and private sector organisations to deliver improvements in facilities that will be suitable for modern primary and social care services over a 20 – 25 year period. The initiative contractually demands for continuous performance improvement from the demand and supply sides, but the attainment still remains elusive. This paper is aimed at describing the investigation into the practices of, and barriers to, the achievement of continuous improvement through learning on NHS LIFT schemes. The investigation is part of a study aimed at developing a continuous improvement framework that will ensure that current and relevant knowledge is captured and reused during the execution of long-term partnering (LTP) relationships. The methodology adopted for the investigation involved semi-structured interviews with ten senior officers of six organisation working across three LIFT schemes following the review of relevant literature. The study revealed that ad hoc procedures were mostly used for capturing lessons learned during the planning and implementation of the various LIFT projects. Although a variety of techniques and few technologies were being employed in capturing relevant project knowledge, the study revealed that the reuse of the captured knowledge have been largely ineffective. The key barriers to the achievement of continuous improvement on NHS LIFT projects identified include distrust and lack of mutual understanding, difference in modus operandi and timeframes of the key participants, lack of clarity and communication, lack of appropriate skills and competencies; and adversarial contexts

Is the Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) procurement initiative delivering the expected economies of scale? Results from three case studies

The UK Department of Health (DoH) introduced the Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) initiative in 2000 to reverse the declining state of primary healthcare facilities. The initiative involves partnerships between diverse organisations from public and private sectors working together to deliver improvements in facilities that will be suitable for modern primary and social care services. However, recent evaluations of the performance of some schemes under the initiative show mixed results. This paper examines three LIFT case studies to investigate whether the LIFT procurement strategy supports the delivery of facilities for improved primary and social care services that meet local needs whilst providing value for money. The investigations, which involved senior managers, revealed significant differences in the maturity levels of the schemes evaluated in terms of appropriate systems, processes and structures in the planning and implementation of the schemes. Although there is potential for more improvements, the pattern of progress made generally confirmed an evolving system, with considerable evidence of performance improvement from project-to-project. Whilst suggesting some potential ways for securing long-term improvements and sustained value for money, this paper concludes that there is considerable evidence that the LIFT initiative is delivering the expected economies of scale in providing modern facilities for the provision of integrated primary and social care services

A critical argument in favor of theoretical pluralism: Project failure and the many and varied limitations of project management

In project management, failure is often assumed to be evidence of deficient management: a problem that can be overcome by better management. Drawing on qualitative research within UK construction projects we examine how four different theoretical approaches (positivism, structural Marxism, interpretivism and actor–network theory) all challenge this managerial assumption. Each theoretical perspective enables a specific analysis of empirical data that critiques the notion that project failures are easily, simply, or largely, associated with the failure of project management. In so doing, our pluralist analysis reveals the social and political contextualization of performance in project management. We thus conclude by proposing that practitioner and scholarly concerns with project failure (and success), can actively contribute to attempts to reflect upon various matters of political concern as developed within the Making Projects Critical community, and by extension Critical Management Studies. Thus, we propose greater interaction between critical and mainstream project research communities

Alginate inhibits iron absorption from ferrous gluconate in a randomized controlled trial and reduces iron uptake into Caco-2 cells

Previous in vitro results indicated that alginate beads might be a useful vehicle for food iron fortification. A human study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that alginate enhances iron absorption. A randomised, single blinded, cross-over trial was carried out in which iron absorption was measured from serum iron appearance after a test meal. Overnight-fasted volunteers (n=15) were given a test meal of 200g cola-flavoured jelly plus 21 mg iron as ferrous gluconate, either in alginate beads mixed into the jelly or in a capsule. Iron absorption was lower from the alginate beads than from ferrous gluconate (8.5% and 12.6% respectively, p=0.003). Sub-group B (n=9) consumed the test meals together with 600 mg calcium to determine whether alginate modified the inhibitory effect of calcium. Calcium reduced iron absorption from ferrous gluconate by 51%, from 11.5% to 5.6% (p=0.014), and from alginate beads by 37%, from 8.3% to 5.2% (p=0.009). In vitro studies using Caco-2 cells were designed to explore the reasons for the difference between the previous in vitro findings and the human study; confirmed the inhibitory effect of alginate. Beads similar to those used in the human study were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, with and without cola jelly, and the digestate applied to Caco-2 cells. Both alginate and cola jelly significantly reduced iron uptake into the cells, by 34% (p=0.009) and 35% (p=0.003) respectively. The combination of cola jelly and calcium produced a very low ferritin response, 16.5% (p<0.001) of that observed with ferrous gluconate alone. The results of these studies demonstrate that alginate beads are not a useful delivery system for soluble salts of iron for the purpose of food fortification

The role of social relationships in improving product development decision making

The quality of decision making in product development (PD) is dependent upon the designer's ability to optimize conflicting needs. However, optimization is unlikely to succeed when based on inaccurate or erroneous information. Given that provision of accurate information frequently lies beyond the designer, decision making is dependent upon effective optimization and a timely flow of accurate information. The present paper explores informal organizational approaches to improving information flow for decision making. It presents an empirical study of relationships in two UK engineering companies and finds significant correlation between the effectiveness of these relationships and the trust, respect, and loyalty that they exhibit during PD. It further identifies the impact of relationship longevity, commonalty in background, and the wider social context of relationships. It concludes by examining the potential extendibility of the findings and the potential for further research to identify interventions that can assist management to enhance the relationships of product developers

Understanding Gender Equality Policy and Practice Gaps Through the Lens of Organisational Justice: Development of an Employee Alignment Model

Policies and actions to address gender inequalities are widespread across a range of institutional and organisational contexts. Concerns have been raised about the efficacy and impacts of such measures in the absence of sustained evaluation of these activities. It has been proposed that important contextual factors may propel or inhibit measures to promote gender equality, including a critical mass of women, role models, diverse leaders and inclusive organisational cultures. This paper explores relationships between organisational justice and equality interventions to better understand gaps between equality policies and practices using a comparative case study approach in a male-dominated sector. A combination of questionnaire and interview data analysis with employees in three case organisations in the construction sector are used to outline links between perceptions of gender equality initiatives and organisational justice, and the mechanisms used to reinforce in-group dominance. The findings culminate in the development of an Employee Alignment Model and a discussion of how this relates to the organisational climate for gender equality work. The findings suggest that the development of interactional organisational justice is an important precursor for successful gender equality interventions in organisations. These findings have implications for those looking to minimize unintentional harm of policies or interventions to improve gender equality

Intensity distribution for waves in disordered media: deviations from Rayleigh statistics

We study the intensity distribution function, P(I), for monochromatic waves propagating in quasi one-dimensional disordered medium, assuming that a point source and a point detector are embedded in the bulk of the medium. We find deviations from the Rayleigh statistics at moderately large I and a logarithmically-normal asymptotic behavior of P(I). When the radiation source and the detector are located close to the opposite edges of the sample (on a distance much less then the sample length), an intermediate regime with a stretched-exponential behavior of P(I) emerges.Comment: 4 pages Revtex, 3 figures included as eps file