Optomechanical Cavity Cooling of an Atomic Ensemble

We demonstrate cavity sideband cooling of a single collective motional mode of an atomic ensemble down to a mean phonon occupation number of 2.0(-0.3/+0.9). Both this minimum occupation number and the observed cooling rate are in good agreement with an optomechanical model. The cooling rate constant is proportional to the total photon scattering rate by the ensemble, demonstrating the cooperative character of the light-emission-induced cooling process. We deduce fundamental limits to cavity-cooling either the collective mode or, sympathetically, the single-atom degrees of freedom.Comment: Paper with supplemental material: 4+6 pages, 4 figures. Minor revisions of text. Supplemental material shortened by removal of supplementary figur

Study of arc-jet propulsion devices Final report, 20 Nov. 1964 - 19 Dec. 1965

Energy transfer mechanisms in radiation, water, and regeneratively cooled, and MPD arc jet propulsion device

Maximumfactuur en kleine risico’s: verdeling van de eigen bijdragen voor gezondheidszorg in België

Overal in Europa komt de financiering van publieke systemen van ziekteverzekering of gezondheidszorg onder druk door de sterke stijging van de uitgaven. België ontsnapt niet aan deze evolutie. De stijging van de uitgaven voor gezondheidszorg lag bij ons zeker gedurende de laatste jaren zelfs duidelijk boven het Europese gemiddelde. Ondanks de grote maatschappelijke populariteit van ons systeem van verplichte ziekteverzekering, vormt het probleem van de kostenbeheersing toch steeds één van de belangrijkste discussiepunten tijdens de regeringsonderhandelingen. Wanneer de stijging van de uitgaven niet kan worden afgeremd, zullen in de toekomst ongetwijfeld fundamentele vragen over de organisatie van het systeem naar voor worden geschoven (Schokkaert en Van de Voorde, 2003)

Incidental Learning From Classroom Visuals Among Fourth Grade Students

This study investigated whether fourth grade students can recall information to which they have been visually exposed in their classrooms without the teacher ever having directly taught the information. Two hundred and eighty-one students in fifteen classrooms were given a pretest on the names of the countries of South America and the names of twelve western state capitals. The month long treatment consisted of a map and a chart mounted prominently on the walls. At the end of the treatment, the pretest was readministered as a post test. A t test indicated that the students exhibited a significant growth in the amount of information they knew. They recalled information that they had been exposed to only in an incidental manner

The role of the Chilhowee Baptist faith community in healthcare : an association-wide study of member perspectives

The United States has documented a strong 30-year history in regards to health promotion and health education. National health leaders recognize that individuals must accept greater responsibility for their own health before improvements in community health can be achieved. The focus on collaboration and partnering between healthcare providers and community organizations is essential for health promotion. Religion has played a role in health promotion by advocating for personal health and accepting responsibility for improving the health of others. Thus, faith-based health organizations provide an excellent venue for offering health programs. As a result of this new awareness, community leaders have initiated grassroots projects to identify local health needs. Blount County, Tennessee provides a strong faith-based organization and a public health infrastructure for community diagnosis. The Blount County Community Diagnosis Status Report of 1999 claims faith-based organizations are a valid option for addressing local health needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Chilhowee Baptist faith community in healthcare by analyzing the member\u27s perceptions of health issues such as: promoting better personal health, managing medical health problems, coping with family/life changes, and addressing mental health. The study was designed to examine if the size of the congregation or the member\u27s demographic characteristics impact their perceptions regarding the level of involvement or the focus of responsibility in the four health issues. A closed-form questionnaire was designed to elicit anonymous responses regarding the level of involvement and focus of responsibility for health issues within the Chilhowee Baptist Association. The survey instrument used for this study categorized focus areas from Healthy People 20 IO into four sections: personal health, medical health problems to include acute and chronic illnesses, coping and emotional health, and finally, mental health. The survey was field-tested by members of the Knoxville and Sweetwater Baptist Associations prior to distribution to the Chilhowee Baptist Association. The participants completed a survey designed to elicit perceptions on two healthrelated questions: 1) to what extent should the Baptist faith community be involved in promoting better personal health, managing medical health problems, coping with family/life changes, and addressing mental health, and 2) who should be responsible for addressing these health issues. Participants were selected by a convenience sample as pastors of the Chilhowee Baptist Association volunteered to participate in the study. A total of 500 surveys were distributed among small (\u3c250 members) and large (=\u3e 251 members) churches. Either the pastor or an alternate member of the congregation administered surveys. Only adult members participated in the research and anonymity was maintained throughout the study. The overall response rate was 61. 6% with small churches providing 53. 9% of the returned surveys and 46.1 % of the responses represent large churches. The majority (57.8%) of responses came from regular church members as opposed to pastors, teachers, deacons, or other church staff. Most (73. 7%) respondents have been involved in church for over 20 years. More females (5 8. 8%) participated than did men (38.6% ). All age categories from 18 to over 65 years of age were represented in the study; however, only 33.2% were aged 18 - 44 years while 66.2% of participants were aged 45 years and greater. Survey responses indicated how the participants perceived the role of the Baptist faith community in healthcare based on church size, participant\u27s age, and the number of years participant has been involved in church. There was no difference in reported level of involvement for promoting better personal health, managing medical health problems, coping with family/life changes, and addressing mental health based on church size and number of years member has been involved in church. Members of small churches indicated a significantly greater interest in shared responsibility between the individual church and the Baptist Association for managing medical health problems and addressing mental health than members of large churches. Members involved in church 21 or more t years indicated a greater interest in shared responsibility for addressing mental health issues. Participants aged 18 - 44 years perceived a higher level of involvement for coping with family/life changes; yet age did not factor into the focus of responsibility. Further statistical analysis indicated a commonality among all the health issues. Most participants indicated a need to be involved in promoting better personal health, managing medical health problems, coping with family/life changes, and addressing mental health and the majority favored a shared responsibility between the individual church and Baptist association. Results enable the Chilhowee Baptist Association to address the health issues identified through this study, particularly addressing mental health and coping with family/life changes

Incidental Learning From Classroom Visuals Among Fourth Grade Students

This study investigated whether fourth grade students can recall information to which they have been visually exposed in their classrooms without the teacher ever having directly taught the information. Two hundred and eighty-one students in fifteen classrooms were given a pretest on the names of the countries of South America and the names of twelve western state capitals. The month long treatment consisted of a map and a chart mounted prominently on the walls. At the end of the treatment, the pretest was readministered as a post test. A t test indicated that the students exhibited a significant growth in the amount of information they knew. They recalled information that they had been exposed to only in an incidental manner.SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These

A molecular dynamics study on the equilibrium magnetization properties and structure of ferrofluids

We investigate in detail the initial susceptibility, magnetization curves, and microstructure of ferrofluids in various concentration and particle dipole moment ranges by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We use the Ewald summation for the long-range dipolar interactions, take explicitly into account the translational and rotational degrees of freedom, coupled to a Langevin thermostat. When the dipolar interaction energy is comparable with the thermal energy, the simulation results on the magnetization properties agree with the theoretical predictions very well. For stronger dipolar couplings, however, we find systematic deviations from the theoretical curves. We analyze in detail the observed microstructure of the fluids under different conditions. The formation of clusters is found to enhance the magnetization at weak fields and thus leads to a larger initial susceptibility. The influence of the particle aggregation is isolated by studying ferro-solids, which consist of magnetic dipoles frozen in at random locations but which are free to rotate. Due to the artificial suppression of clusters in ferro-solids the observed susceptibility is considerably lowered when compared to ferrofluids.Comment: 33 pages including 12 figures, requires RevTex

Methods for removal of unwanted signals from gravity time-series : comparison using linear techniques complemented with analysis of system dynamics

We thanks the participants of the 35th General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission for comments on preliminary results. The authors are grateful to all IGETS contributors, particularly to the station operators and to ISDC/GFZ-Potsdam for providing the original gravity data used in this study. We also thank the developers of ATLANTIDA3.1 and UTide. Part of this work was performed using the ICSMB High Performance Computing Cluster, University of Aberdeen. We also thanks M. Thiel and A. Moura for reviewing a preliminary version and making comments on the methods section and M.A. Ara´ujo for comments on Lyapunov exponents. Funding: A. Valencio is supported by CNPq, Brazil [206246/2014-5]; and received a travel grant from the School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen [PO2073498], for a presentation including preliminary results.Peer reviewedPostprintPublisher PD

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency with Noisy Lasers

We demonstrate and characterize two coherent phenomena that can mitigate the effects of laser phase noise for Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT): a laser-power-broadening-resistant resonance in the transmitted intensity cross-correlation between EIT optical fields; and a resonant suppression of the conversion of laser phase noise to intensity noise when one-photon noise dominates over two-photon-detuning noise. Our experimental observations are in good agreement with both an intuitive physical picture and numerical calculations. The results have wide-ranging applications to spectroscopy, atomic clocks and magnetometers.Physic

SALL4 Expression in Gonocytes and Spermatogonial Clones of Postnatal Mouse Testes

The spermatogenic lineage is established after birth when gonocytes migrate to the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules and give rise to spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). In adults, SSCs reside within the population of undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aundiff) that expands clonally from single cells (Asingle) to form pairs (Apaired) and chains of 4, 8 and 16 Aaligned spermatogonia. Although stem cell activity is thought to reside in the population of Asingle spermatogonia, new research suggests that clone size alone does not define the stem cell pool. The mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and differentiation fate decisions are poorly understood due to limited availability of experimental tools that distinguish the products of those fate decisions. The pluripotency factor SALL4 (sal-like protein 4) is implicated in stem cell maintenance and patterning in many organs during embryonic development, but expression becomes restricted to the gonads after birth. We analyzed the expression of SALL4 in the mouse testis during the first weeks after birth and in adult seminiferous tubules. In newborn mice, the isoform SALL4B is expressed in quiescent gonocytes at postnatal day 0 (PND0) and SALL4A is upregulated at PND7 when gonocytes have colonized the basement membrane and given rise to spermatogonia. During steady-state spermatogenesis in adult testes, SALL4 expression overlapped substantially with PLZF and LIN28 in Asingle, Apaired and Aaligned spermatogonia and therefore appears to be a marker of undifferentiated spermatogonia in mice. In contrast, co-expression of SALL4 with GFRα1 and cKIT identified distinct subpopulations of Aundiff in all clone sizes that might provide clues about SSC regulation. Collectively, these results indicate that 1) SALL4 isoforms are differentially expressed at the initiation of spermatogenesis, 2) SALL4 is expressed in undifferentiated spermatogonia in adult testes and 3) SALL4 co-staining with GFRα1 and cKIT reveals distinct subpopulations of Aundiff spermatogonia that merit further investigation. © 2013 Gassei, Orwig