The effect of flight line spacing on radioactivity inventory and spatial feature characteristics of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data

Airborne Gamma Spectrometry (AGS) is well suited to the mapping of radioactivity in the environment. Flight parameters (e.g. speed and line spacing) directly affect the rate of area coverage, cost, and data quality of any survey. The influences of line spacing have been investigated for data from inter‐tidal, coastal and upland environments with a range of <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentrations and depositional histories. Estimates of the integrated <sup>137</sup>Cs activity (‘inventory’) within specified areas and the shapes of depositional features were calculated for subsets of the data at different line spacings. Features with dimensions greater than the line spacing show variations in inventory and area of less than 3%, and features with dimensions less than the line spacing show larger variations and a decreased probability of detection. The choice of line spacing for a task is dependent on the dimensions of the features of interest and required edge definition. Options for line spacing for different tasks are suggested. It is noted that for regional mapping, even 5–10 km line spacing can produce useful data

Signal transduction protocols

Making Protein Immunoprecipitates Elaine A. Elion and Yunmei Wang Signal Transduction Inhibitors in Cellular Function Maofu Fu, Chenguang Wang, Xueping Zhang, and Richard G. Pestell Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis for the Identification of Signaling Targets Yukihito Kabuyama, Kirsi K. Polvinen, Katheryn A. Resing, and Natalie G. Ahn A High-Throughput Mammalian Cell-Based Transient Transfection Assay Daniel J. Noonan, Kenneth Henry, and Michelle L. Twaroski Determining Protein Half-Lives Pengbo Zhou Assaying Protein Kinase Activity Jan Brabek and Steven K. Hanks Comparative Phosphorylation Site Mapping From Gel-Derived Proteins Using a Multidimensional ES/MS-Based Approach Francesca Zappacosta, Michael J. Huddleston, and Roland S. Annan Studies of Calmodulin-Dependent Regulation Paul C. Brandt and Thomas C. Vanaman Measurement of Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Hogune Im, Jeffrey A. Grass, Kirby D. Johnson, Meghan E. Boyer, Jing Wu, and Emery H. Bresnick Characterization of Protein-DNA Association In Vivo by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Laurent Kuras Nonradioactive Methods for Detecting Activation of Ras-Related Small G Proteins Douglas A. Andres Nucleocytoplasmic Glycosylation, O-GlcNAc: Identification and Site Mapping Natasha Elizabeth Zachara, Win Den Cheung, and Gerald Warren Hart Techniques in Protein Methylation Jaeho Lee, Donghang Cheng, and Mark T. Bedford Assaying Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase Activities Gil-Soo Han and George M. Carman Assaying Phosphoinositide Phosphatases Gregory S. Taylor and Jack E. Dixon Assaying Phospholipase A2 Activity Christina C. Leslie and Michael H. Gelb Measurement and Immunofluorescence of Cellular Phosphoinositides Hiroko Hama, Javad Torabinejad, Glenn D. Prestwich, and Daryll B. DeWald Measuring Dynamic Changes in cAMP Using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Sandrine Evellin, Marco Mongillo, Anna Terrin, Valentina Lissandron, and Manuela Zaccolo In Vivo Detection of Protein-Protein Interaction in Plant Cells Using BRET Chitra Subramanian, Yao Xu, Carl Hirschie Johnson, and Albrecht G. von Arnim Revealing Protein Dynamics by Photobleaching Techniques Frank van Drogen and Matthias Peter Assaying Cytochrome c Translocation During Apoptosis Nigel J. Waterhouse, Rohan Steel, Ruth Kluck, and Joseph A. Trapani Inde

Macroeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Residential Property Prices in Malaysia

This paper studies the relationship between residential property prices and macroeconomic and demographic determinants in Malaysia. In the years following the Asian financial crisis, property prices in Malaysia rose substantially, resulting in an affordability crisis and ultimately policy responses to the problem. Using unit root, Johansen-Juselius cointegration, VECM-based Granger causality tests and variance decomposition, and considering quarterly data that covers 2000-2015 period, we established that residential property price growth is principally driven by strong demographic performance and population growth and is backed by the low interest rate environment and rising consumer prices. Household income and level of GDP do not appear to contribute to property price growth. Certain distortions and asymmetries in the Malaysian real estate markets are documented: oversupply in the higher price segment of the market coupled with the lack of affordable housing in the lower price segment; household income growth lagging behind GDP and property price growth, thereby dampening housing demand; growing rental markets in major urban areas as a result of the affordability crisis; and a quality mismatch between buyers’ preferences and housing supply

Ruin problems and dual events

Dickson (1992) uses dual events to explain results relating to the distribution of the surplus immediately prior to ruin in the classical surplus process. In this paper we show that dual events can be used to explain other results in ruin theory. In particular we prove and explain the relationship between the density of the surplus immediately prior to ruin, and the joint density of the surplus immediately prior to ruin and the severity of ruininfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect on interest of negative surplus

In the classical continuous time surplus process, we allow the process to continue if the surplus falls below zero. When the surplus is below zero, we assume that the insurer borrows any sum of money required to pay claims, and pays interest on this borrowing. We use simulation to study moments and distributions of three quantities: the time to recovery to surplus level zero, the number of claims that occur when the surplus is below zero, and the maximum absolute value of the surplus process when it is below zero. We also show how simulation can be used to estimate the probability of absolute ruin.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Some stable algorithms in ruin theory and their application

In this paper we present a stable recursive algorithm for the calculation of the probability of ultimate ruin in the classical risk model. We also present stable recursive algorithms for the calculation of the joint and marginal distributions of the surplus prior to ruin and the severity of ruin. In addition we present bounds for these distributionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Differential Hox expression in murine embryonic stem cell models of normal and malignant hematopoiesis

The Hox family are master transcriptional regulators of developmental processes, including hematopoiesis. The Hox regulators, caudal homeobox factors (Cdx1-4), and Meis1, along with several individual Hox proteins, are implicated in stem cell expansion during embryonic development, with gene dosage playing a significant role in the overall function of the integrated Hox network. To investigate the role of this network in normal and aberrant, early hematopoiesis, we employed an in vitro embryonic stem cell differentiation system, which recapitulates mouse developmental hematopoiesis. Expression profiles of Hox, Pbx1, and Meis1 genes were quantified at distinct stages during the hematopoietic differentiation process and compared with the effects of expressing the leukemic oncogene Tel/PDGFR;2. During normal differentiation the Hoxa cluster, Pbx1 and Meis1 predominated, with a marked reduction in the majority of Hox genes (27/39) and Meis1 occurring during hematopoietic commitment. Only the posterior Hoxa cluster genes (a9, a10, a11, and a13) maintained or increased expression at the hematopoietic colony stage. Cdx4, Meis1, and a subset of Hox genes, including a7 and a9, were differentially expressed after short-term oncogenic (Tel/PDGFR;2) induction. Whereas Hoxa4-10, b1, b2, b4, and b9 were upregulated during oncogenic driven myelomonocytic differentiation. Heterodimers between Hoxa7/Hoxa9, Meis1, and Pbx have previously been implicated in regulating target genes involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion and leukemic progression. These results provide direct evidence that transcriptional flux through the Hox network occurs at very early stages during hematopoietic differentiation and validates embryonic stem cell models for gaining insights into the genetic regulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis

The Jet of 3C 17 and the Use of Jet Curvature as a Diagnostic of the X-ray Emission Process

We report on the X-ray emission from the radio jet of 3C 17 from Chandra observations and compare the X-ray emission with radio maps from the VLA archive and with the optical-IR archival images from the Hubble Space Telescope. X-ray detections of two knots in the 3C 17 jet are found and both of these features have optical counterparts. We derive the spectral energy distribution for the knots in the jet and give source parameters required for the various X-ray emission models, finding that both IC/CMB and synchrotron are viable to explain the high energy emission. A curious optical feature (with no radio or X-ray counterparts) possibly associated with the 3C 17 jet is described. We also discuss the use of curved jets for the problem of identifying inverse Compton X-ray emission via scattering on CMB photons.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure (3 in color), 4 tables, ApJ accepte

Securing tropical forest carbon: the contribution of protected areas to REDD

Forest loss and degradation in the tropics contribute 6-17% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Protected areas cover 217.2 million ha (19.6%) of the world's humid tropical forests and contain c. 70.3 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) in biomass and soil to 1 m depth. Between 2000 and 2005, we estimate that 1.75 million ha of forest were lost from protected areas in humid tropical forests, causing the emission of 0.25-0.33 Pg C. Protected areas lost about half as much carbon as the same area of unprotected forest. We estimate that the reduction of these carbon emissions from ongoing deforestation in protected sites in humid tropical forests could be valued at USD 6,200-7,400 million depending on the land use after clearance. This is >1.5 times the estimated spending on protected area management in these regions. Improving management of protected areas to retain forest cover better may be an important, although certainly not sufficient, component of an overall strategy for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD