1,894 research outputs found
The Law, Gendered Abuse, and the Limits and Possibilities of Feminist Theory
Reviewing Leigh Goodmark, A Troubled Marriage: Domestic Violence and the Legal System (2011)
The Law, Gendered Abuse, and the Limits and Possibilities of Feminist Theory
Reviewing Leigh Goodmark, A Troubled Marriage: Domestic Violence and the Legal System (2011)
Woman Battering and Welfare Reform: The View from a Welfare-To-Work Program
This research compares employment training program staff estimates (N = 118) and enrollee reports (N = 122) of woman battering, that is, the physical violence and other abuse men deploy against their wives and girlfriends. The vast majority of staff estimate that woman battering obstructs the transition from welfare to work for at least some of their clients. Overall, staff respondents\u27 relative sense of the frequency of battering quite accurately reflects enrollee reports. However, staff are especially reluctant to give estimates of physical violence and injury. Moreover, many give very low estimates for those items that are obvious markers of battering, which enrollees report at nontrivial levels. Such discrepancies are particularly disturbing because successful welfare reform implementation depends in part on staff understandings of woman battering as an obstacle to welfareto- work transitio
Entrepreneurial capital, social values and Islamic traditions: exploring the growth of women-owned enterprises in Pakistan
Main ArticleThis study seeks to explore the variables contributing to the growth of women-owned enterprises in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Based on a previously established multivariate model, it uses two econometric approaches: first classifying variables into predetermined blocks; and second, using the general to specific approach. Statistical analyses and in-depth interviews confirm that women entrepreneursâ personal resources and social capital have a significant role in their business growth. Further, it reveals that the moral support of immediate family, independent mobility and being allowed to meet with men play a decisive role in the sales and employment growth of women-owned enterprises in an Islamic country such as Pakistan
Diverse corrugation pattern in radially shrinking carbon nanotubes
Stable cross-sections of multi-walled carbon nanotubes subjected to
electron-beam irradiation are investigated in the realm of the continuum
mechanics approximation. The self-healing nature of sp graphitic sheets
implies that selective irradiation of the outermost walls causes their radial
shrinkage with the remaining inner walls undamaged. The shrinking walls exert
high pressure on the interior part of nanotubes, yielding a wide variety of
radial corrugation patterns ({\it i.e.,} circumferentially wrinkling
structures) in the cross section. All corrugation patterns can be classified
into two deformation phases for which the corrugation amplitudes of the
innermost wall differ significantly.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Emergent quantum Euler equation and Bose-Einstein condensates
In this paper, proceeding from the recently developed way of deriving the
quantum-mechanical equations from the classical ones, the complete system of
hydrodynamical equations, including the quantum Euler equation, is derived for
a perfect fluid and an imperfect fluid with pairwise interaction between the
particles. For the Bose-Einstein condensate of the latter one the Bogolyubov
spectrum of elementary excitations is easily reproduced in the acoustic
approximation.Comment: 10 page
Class of dilute granular Couette flows with uniform heat flux
In a recent paper [F. Vega Reyes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 028001 (2010)]
we presented a preliminary description of a special class of steady Couette
flows in dilute granular gases. In all flows of this class the viscous heating
is exactly balanced by inelastic cooling. This yields a uniform heat flux and a
linear relationship between the local temperature and flow velocity. The class
(referred to as the LTu class) includes the Fourier flow of ordinary gases and
the simple shear flow of granular gases as special cases. In the present paper
we provide further support for this class of Couette flows by following four
different routes, two of them being theoretical (Grad's moment method of the
Boltzmann equation and exact solution of a kinetic model) and the other two
being computational (molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of the
Boltzmann equation). Comparison between theory and simulations shows a very
good agreement for the non-Newtonian rheological properties, even for quite
strong inelasticity, and a good agreement for the heat flux coefficients in the
case of Grad's method, the agreement being only qualitative in the case of the
kinetic model.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures; v2: change of title plus some other minor
change
Quasi-chemical Theories of Associated Liquids
It is shown how traditional development of theories of fluids based upon the
concept of physical clustering can be adapted to an alternative local
clustering definition. The alternative definition can preserve a detailed
valence description of the interactions between a solution species and its
near-neighbors, i.e., cooperativity and saturation of coordination for strong
association. These clusters remain finite even for condensed phases. The
simplest theory to which these developments lead is analogous to quasi-chemical
theories of cooperative phenomena. The present quasi-chemical theories require
additional consideration of packing issues because they don't impose lattice
discretizations on the continuous problem. These quasi-chemical theories do not
require pair decomposable interaction potential energy models. Since
calculations may be required only for moderately sized clusters, we suggest
that these quasi-chemical theories could be implemented with computational
tools of current electronic structure theory. This can avoid an intermediate
step of approximate force field generation.Comment: 20 pages, no figures replacement: minor typographical corrections,
four references added, in press Molec. Physics 199
WISP genes are members of the connective tissue growth factor family that are up-regulated in Wnt-1-transformed cells and aberrantly expressed in human colon tumors
Wnt family members are critical to many developmental processes, and components of the Wnt signaling pathway have been linked to tumorigenesis in familial and sporadic colon carcinomas. Here we report the identification of two genes, WISP-1 and WISP-2, that are up-regulated in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line C57MG transformed by Wnt-1, but not by Wnt-4. Together with a third related gene, WISP-3, these proteins define a subfamily of the connective tissue growth factor family. Two distinct systems demonstrated WISP induction to be associated with the expression of Wnt-1. These included (i) C57MG cells infected with a Wnt-1 retroviral vector or expressing Wnt-1 under the control of a tetracyline repressible promoter, and (ii) Wnt-1 transgenic mice. The WISP-1 gene was localized to human chromosome 8q24.1-8q24.3. WISP-1 genomic DNA was amplified in colon cancer cell lines and in human colon tumors and its RNA overexpressed (2- to >30-fold) in 84% of the tumors examined compared with patient-matched normal mucosa. WISP-3 mapped to chromosome 6q22-6q23 and also was overexpressed (4- to >40-fold) in 63% of the colon tumors analyzed. In contrast, WISP-2 mapped to human chromosome 20q12-20q13 and its DNA was amplified, but RNA expression was reduced (2- to >30-fold) in 79% of the tumors. These results suggest that the WISP genes may be downstream of Wnt-1 signaling and that aberrant levels of WISP expression in colon cancer may play a role in colon tumorigenesis
Shear modulus of neutron star crust
Shear modulus of solid neutron star crust is calculated by thermodynamic
perturbation theory taking into account ion motion. At given density the crust
is modelled as a body-centered cubic Coulomb crystal of fully ionized atomic
nuclei of one type with the uniform charge-compensating electron background.
Classic and quantum regimes of ion motion are considered. The calculations in
the classic temperature range agree well with previous Monte Carlo simulations.
At these temperatures the shear modulus is given by the sum of a positive
contribution due to the static lattice and a negative contribution
due to the ion motion. The quantum calculations are performed for the first
time. The main result is that at low temperatures the contribution to the shear
modulus due to the ion motion saturates at a constant value, associated with
zero-point ion vibrations. Such behavior is qualitatively similar to the
zero-point ion motion contribution to the crystal energy. The quantum effects
may be important for lighter elements at higher densities, where the ion plasma
temperature is not entirely negligible compared to the typical Coulomb ion
interaction energy. The results of numerical calculations are approximated by
convenient fitting formulae. They should be used for precise neutron star
oscillation modelling, a rapidly developing branch of stellar seismology.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted to MNRA
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