297 research outputs found
Collective models of labor supply with nonconvex budget sets and nonparticipation: A calibration approach.
Does the representation of household behavior matter for welfare analysis of tax-benefit policies? An introduction.
Place preference induced by nucleus accumbens amphetamine is impaired by local blockade of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in rats
BACKGROUND: The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (CPP). In previous studies, NAc basal and amphetamine-produced DA transmission was altered by Group II mGluR agents. We tested whether NAc amphetamine CPP depends on Group II mGluR transmission. RESULTS: NAc injections (0.5 ÎŒl/side) of the Group II mGluR antagonist (2 S)- a-ethylglutamic acid (EGLU: 0.01â0.8 ÎŒg but not 0.001 ÎŒg) impaired CPP. The drug did not block the acute locomotor effect of amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that Group II mGluRs may be necessary for the establishment of NAc amphetamine-produced CPP. These receptors may also mediate other forms of reward-related learning dependent on this structure
Collective models of labor supply with nonconvex budget sets and nonparticipation:A calibration approach
Does the representation of household behavior matter for welfare analysis of tax-benefit policies? An introduction
The working families' tax credit and some European tax reforms in a collective setting
A framework for simplified implementation of the collective model of labor supply decisions is presented in the context of fiscal reforms in the UK. Through its collective form the model accounts for the well known problem of distribution between
wallet and purse, a broadly debated issue which has so far been impossible to model due to the limitations of the unitary model of household behavior. A calibrated data set is used to
model the effects of introducing two forms of the Working Familiesâ Tax Credit. We also
summarize results of estimations and calibrations obtained using the same methodology on data from five other European countries. The results underline the importance of taking
account of the intrahousehold decision process and suggest that who receives government transfers does matter from the point of view of labor supply and welfare of household members. They also highlight the need for more research into models of household
behavior
The Proposed Dropping of the Genus \u3ci\u3eCrassostrea\u3c/i\u3e for All Pacific Cupped Oysters and Its Replacement by a New Genus \u3ci\u3eMagallana\u3c/i\u3e: A Dissenting View
Ontogeny of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels, Margaritifera margaritifera (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae).
The gills of juvenile freshwater bivalves undergo a complex morphogenesis that may correlate with changes in feeding ecology, but ontogenic studies on juvenile mussels are rare. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure and ontogeny of 117 juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) ranging in age from 1â44 months and length from 0.49â8.90 mm. Three stages of gill development are described. In Stage 1 (5â9 inner demibranch filaments), only unreflected inner demibranch filaments were present. In Stage 2 (9â17 inner demibranch filaments), inner demibranch filaments began to reflect when shell length exceeded 1.13 mm, at 13â16 months old. Reflection began in medial filaments and then proceeded anterior and posterior. In Stage 3 (28â94 inner demibranch filaments), outer demibranch filaments began developing at shell length > 3.1 mm and about 34 months of age. The oral groove on the inner demibranch was first observed in 34 month old specimens > 2.66 mm but was never observed on the outer demibranch. Shell length (R2 = 0.99) was a better predictor of developmental stage compared to age (R2 = 0.84). The full suite of gill ciliation was present on filaments in all stages. Interfilamentary distance averaged 31.3 ÎŒm and did not change with age (4â44 months) or with size (0.75â8.9 mm). Distance between laterofrontal cirri couplets averaged 1.54 ÎŒm and did not change significantly with size or age. Labial palp primordia were present in even the youngest individuals but ciliature became more diverse in more developed individuals. Information presented here is valuable to captive rearing programmes as it provides insight in to when juveniles may be particularly vulnerable to stressors due to specific ontogenic changes. The data are compared with two other recent studies of Margaritifera development.N/
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