JUNGBRUNNEN1 confers drought tolerance downstream of the HD-Zip I Transcription factor AtHB13

Low water availability is the major environmental factor limiting growth and productivity of plants and crops and is therefore considered of high importance for agriculture affected by climate change. Identifying regulatory components controlling the response and tolerance to drought stress is thus of major importance. The NAC transcription factor (TF) JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1) from Arabidopsis thaliana extends leaf longevity under non-stress growth conditions, lowers cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, and enhances tolerance against heat stress and salinity. Here, we additionally find that JUB1 strongly increases tolerance to drought stress in Arabidopsis when expressed from both, a constitutive (CaMV 35S) and an abiotic stress-induced (RD29A) promoter. Employing a yeast one-hybrid screen we identified HD-Zip class I TF AtHB13 as an upstream regulator of JUB1. AtHB13 has previously been reported to act as a positive regulator of drought tolerance. AtHB13 and JUB1 thereby establish a joint drought stress control module.Fil: Ebrahimian Motlagh, Saghar. University of Potsdam; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; AlemaniaFil: Ribone, Pamela Anahí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P.. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania. University of Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Allu, Annapurna D.. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania. University of Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Chan, Raquel Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Mueller Roeber, Bernd. University of Potsdam; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; AlemaniaFil: Balazadeh, Salma. University of Potsdam; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemani

A Quality Hybrid Service Discovery Protocol

Hybrid protocol combines the advantages of proactive and reactive routing in adhoc network. The routing is initially established with some proactively prospected routes and then serves the demand from additionally activated nodes through reactive flooding. In this paper we propose A Quality Hybrid Service Discovery Protocol (QHSDP) for discovering services. A broadcast mechanism is used to get the service and routing information of the nodes present inside the zone. The routing and service information reduces the packet flooding in the network hence reducing collision and increasing packet delivery efficiency. Reduced control packets in turn reduces the battery power consumption. A query message is bordercasted through the peripheral nodes to the nodes outside the zone. This makes the discovery procedure more sclable, hence increasing the node’s coverage and reducing the latency in the proposed technology compared to the existing technolog

Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Mycophenolate: An Anti-Neoplastic Agent in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Three simple, precise and cost-effective spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Mycophenolate in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations. Mycophenolate shows max at 250.0 nm in zero-derivative spectrum (method A), 258.0 nm in first-derivative spectrum (method B) and method C is based on the calculation of area under curve (AUC) for analysis of Mycophenolate in the wavelength range of 240.0–260.0 nm. The drug follows the Beer-Lambert's law in the concentration range of 1.0–150.0 μg/mL for all the methods. The methods were validated by following the analytical performance parameters suggested by the International Conference on Harmonization. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Mycophenolate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms

Structural, electrical, and optical properties of CuGaSe2 rf sputtered thin films

Thin films of CuGaSe2 have been produced by rf sputtering. Compositional, structural, electrical, and optical properties are strongly influenced by growthtemperature. At substrate temperatures lower than 300 °C amorphous or poorly crystalline Se‐excess films are obtained, showing high resistivity (≊103 Ω cm) and optical transitions at 1.62, 1.80, and 2.4 eV (values lower than the single‐crystal counterparts). At the higher growthtemperatures,polycrystalline films are obtained (average grain size 0.7 μm) with lower values of resistivity (1 Ω cm), and optical transitions at 1.68, 1.90, and 2.55 eV (very close to the single‐crystal values). A hopping conduction mechanism has been detected at the lower measuringtemperature (T150 K). Structural and compositional characteristics are used to explain the behavior observed in the electrical and optical properties

Murraya Paniculata Mediated Synthesis Of CdS Nanoparticles For Potent Biomedical Applications

The leaf extract of Murraya paniculata (MPL) is used to create cadmium sulphide nanoparticles, or CdS NPs and the reducing and stabilizing agent is plant extract. A crucial capping agent in nano production is played by phytochemicals. Analytical methods such as XRD and FTIR are used to characterize CdS NPs. The biomedical applications of prepared CdS NPs were examined, including their anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. The antibacterial performance was carried out with S.flexneri, C.perfringens, S.typhimurium, and E.faecalis which were all susceptible to the antibacterial action of CdS NPs. At 150µg/ml, S.flexneri and E.faecalis showed a maximum zone of inhibition is 20mm. In addition, A.niger and C.albicans were used to test the antifungal activities, results shows the concentration of 400 µg/ml CdS NPs inhibited the growth of A.flavus (16mm). By using the NRU assay, it was found that the biosynthesized CdS NPs exhibited cytotoxic action against the MCF-7 cell line. Analysis using the NRU assay revealed that treating cell lines with increasing concentrations of NPs had lethal effects. The 24-hour treatment's IC50 was found to be 153.2 µg/ml

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and microstructure evolution of calcium lanthanum metaborate glass

This paper reports results on the crystallization kinetics of 35.5CaO-7.25La(2)O(3)-57.25B(2)O(3) glass under nonisothermal conditions based on the studies carried out from the differential thermal analysis upon using various well-established models. The crystalline phases formed during the optimized ceramization process have been confirmed from the X-ray diffraction. The activation energies of the first (formation of CaLaB(7)O(13)) and second (formation of LaBO(3)) crystallization events have been estimated using the conventional methods of Kissinger, Augis-Bennett, Ozawa, and Matusita, and the results are found to be in good agreement with each other. The Avrami exponents that are determined by these models for the crystallization of CaLaB(7)O(13) and LaBO(3) are found to be in the range of (1.81-2.35) and (4.03-4.65), respectively. This indicates that the formation of CaLaB(7)O(13) is dominated by a surface crystallization, whereas LaBO(3) is formed by three-dimensional bulk crystallization with an increased rate of nucleation. This observation is further validated by microstructural investigation, which shows the formation of CaLaB(7)O(13) phase as a surface layer and a bulk crystallization of LaBO(3) in optimally ceramized samples

Tubulin isoform composition tunes microtubule dynamics

Microtubules polymerize and depolymerize stochastically, a behavior essential for cell division, motility and differentiation. While many studies advanced our understanding of how microtubule-associated proteins tune microtubule dynamics in trans, we have yet to understand how tubulin genetic diversity regulates microtubule functions. The majority of in vitro dynamics studies are performed with tubulin purified from brain tissue. This preparation is not representative of tubulin found in many cell types. Here we report the 4.2Å cryo-EM structure and in vitro dynamics parameters of α1B/βI+βIVb microtubules assembled from tubulin purified from a human embryonic kidney cell line with isoform composition characteristic of fibroblasts and many immortalized cell lines. We find that these microtubules grow faster and transition to depolymerization less frequently compared to brain microtubules. Cryo-EM reveals that the dynamic ends of α1B/βI+βIVb microtubules are less tapered and that these tubulin heterodimers display lower curvatures. Interestingly, analysis of EB1 distributions at dynamic ends suggests no differences in GTP cap sizes. Lastly, we show that the addition of recombinant α1A/βIII tubulin, a neuronal isotype overexpressed in many tumors, proportionally tunes the dynamics of α1B/βI+βIVb microtubules. Our study is an important step towards understanding how tubulin isoform composition tunes microtubule dynamics

Plant growth promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis promote growth and physiological parameters of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important medicinal crop grown for its aromatic rhizome which is used as a spice, food, flavouring agent and medicine. It has been characterised for its hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antioxidant and antibiotic properties. This study was conducted to determine the impact of plant growth-promoting potential of bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis L2 on plant growth and physiological properties of ginger. The experiment was carried out in randomised block design with three replications in pot experiments. The plants were grown in greenhouse conditions for three months. The results showed that at 8 and 12 weeks after planting (WAP) bacterial inoculation increased plant height, leaf length, number of leaves per plant and leaf width. Inoculation with B. subtilis L2 significantly increased plant height by 16, 20 and 18% compared to control at 4, 8 and 12 WAP. At 8 and 12 WAP, leaf length significantly raised by B. subtilis L2 as compared to uninoculated control. B. subtilis L2 significantly increased the number of leaves per plant and leaf width by 30 and 21% respectively when comparing with non-inoculated plants at 8 WAP. The percentage increase in chlorophyll content resulted from the inoculation with B. subtilis L2 over the control was 10.5%, 15.5% and 18.4% at 4, 8 and 12 WAP respectively. It is concluded that there is a significant positive effect of inoculation with B. subtilis L2 on the growth of ginger. B. subtilis L2 strain can be used as a potential agent or bio-fertiliser for stimulation of ginger growth

Does U.S. Federal Employment Law Now Cover Caste Discrimination Based on Untouchability?: If All Else Fails There Is the Possible Application of Bostock v. Clayton County

This article discusses the issue of whether a victim of caste discrimination based on untouchability can assert a claim of intentional employment discrimination under Title VII or Section 1981. This article contends that there are legitimate arguments that this form of discrimination is a form of religious discrimination under Title VII. The question of whether caste discrimination is a form of race or national origin discrimination under Title VII or Section 1981 depends upon how the courts apply these definitions to caste discrimination based on untouchability. There are legitimate arguments that this form of discrimination is recognized within the concept of race discrimination or national origin discrimination under Title VII or race discrimination under Section 1981. However, if courts reject these conclusions, the approach adopted by the Supreme Court in its June 2020 decision in Bostock v Clayton County would provide another potent legal argument for recognizing such discrimination. The Bostock approach avoids the question of whether caste discrimination based on untouchability is a form of national origin or racial discrimination. This approach draws on the Supreme Court’s recognition that the “but-for” causation standard applies under both Title VII and Section 1981. The but-for test directs us to change one thing at a time and see if the outcome changes. If it does, we have found a but-for cause. And, multiple but-for causes can exist. Applying this approach to intentional employment discrimination against gays, lesbians or transgender individuals, the Supreme Court pointed out that such a person’s sex is inextricably intertwined with their other status. The Court concluded that discrimination against a person because they are gay, lesbian or transgender means that you are discriminating against such a person based on that status, which is not protected, and their sex, which is. Thus, under the Bostock approach, because all of those who are victims of caste discrimination based on untouchability are from Asia, their caste is inextricably intertwined with their race. As a result, when Dalits are victims of intentional discrimination based on untouchabilty, the discriminator is motivated to discriminate against them because of their caste, which is not a protected trait, and their race, which is. Thus, intentional caste discrimination inevitably also involves race discrimination under both Title VII and Section 1981

Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Mycophenolate: An Anti-Neoplastic Agent in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

ree simple, precise and cost-effective spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Mycophenolate in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations. Mycophenolate shows max at 250.0 nm in zero-derivative spectrum (method A), 258.0 nm in �rst-derivative spectrum (method B) and method C is based on the calculation of area under curve (A�C) for analysis of Mycophenolate in the wavelength range of 240.0-260.0 nm. e drug follows the Beer-Lambert's law in the concentration range of 1.0-150.0 g/mL for all the methods. e methods were validated by following the analytical performance parameters suggested by the International Conference on Harmonization. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range. e developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Mycophenolate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms