The creation of value in the museum and sociomuseology

Los museos tienen normalmente mucha dificultad en justificar su existencia y en demostrar su valor real y su contribución al desarrollo de las comunidades a las que sirven. El coste del mantenimiento de un museo, después de inaugurado, nunca parece estar justificado para las tutelas y financiadores que lo promovieron. El museo, grande o pequeño, puede ser un elemento esencial en el desarrollo cultural del conjunto social, pero necesita tener una actividad que lo justifique y que su labor sea reconocida. Para contribuir con eficacia debe compartir con la comunidad su misión y sus actividades y para probar su valor debe tener sistemas de evaluación que permitan verificar si su labor de investigación y acción sobre el patrimonio, de promoción de la cultura y la ciudadanía y de colaboración con escuelas y asociaciones, reduce el fracaso escolar, aumenta la participación en la vida y cultura o contribuye a la cohesión social y a la formación de ciudadanos más responsables y solidarios. La Sociomuseología estudia estos campos de la actividad del museo, acompaña experiencias y propone soluciones a estas dificultades.Museums normally have difficulty in accounting for their existence and in demonstrating cost of keeping a museum open after its inauguration seems it is never justifiable for the political powers and the financing entities that were their first developers. The museum, big or small, can be an essential element in the development of society as a whole but it needs to transform its activity and direct it to this goal and needs its work to be publicly recognized. In order to contribute with specific results to society, the museum must share its mission and activities with the community and to prove its value it must have quality systems that are able to evaluate if its investigation and action over cultural heritage, its promotion of culture and citizenship and its collaboration with schools and associations reduces school failure, increases participation in social and cultural life or contributes to the cohesion of society and to the education of more responsible and supportive citizens. Social museology science studies these fields of activity of museums, it accompanies experiences and proposes solutions

Estudio del efecto de diversos factores tecnológicos sobre las características de calidad del charqui, el chorizo y un embutido crudo-curado bajo en grasa, con especial interés en los compuestos volátiles = Effect of selected technological factors on the quality traits of charqui, chorizo sausage, and a reduced fat dry-ripened sausage, with particular interest in volatile compounds

242 p.El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de los compuestos volátiles de diversos productos cárnicos (charqui andino, chorizo fresco y crudo-curado, embutido crudo-curado de bajo calibre) y de cómo afectan a su perfil volátil determinados factores tecnológicos del proceso de elaboración, almacenamiento y/o preparación culinaria. En el trabajo, se describen cuatro experimentos, cada uno con un producto cárnico diferente, en los que se identifican y cuantifican los compuestos volátiles del espacio de cabeza de los correspondientes productos. En de cada experimento se compara el perfil aromático de los productos estudiados entre distintos tratamientos tecnológicos a los que han sido expuestos, relacionados con la forma de elaboración o las condiciones de almacenamiento. El análisis de compuestos volátiles se ha llevado a cabo mediante la técnica de extracción de espacio de cabeza o mediante microextracción en fase sólida (SPME), dependiendo del experimento y su posterior separación e identificación mediante métodos basados en la técnica de cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a espectrometría de masa

In Vitro Mutagenic and Genotoxic Assessment of a Mixture of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin

The co-occurrence of various cyanobacterial toxins can potentially induce toxic effects different than those observed for single cyanotoxins, as interaction phenomena cannot be discarded. Moreover, mixtures are a more probable exposure scenario. However, toxicological information on the topic is still scarce. Taking into account the important role of mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the risk evaluation framework, the objective of this study was to assess the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of mixtures of two of the most relevant cyanotoxins, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), using the battery of in vitro tests recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for food contaminants. Mixtures of 1:10 CYN/MC-LR (CYN concentration in the range 0.04-2.5 µg/mL) were used to perform the bacterial reverse-mutation assay (Ames test) in Salmonella typhimurium, the mammalian cell micronucleus (MN) test and the mouse lymphoma thymidine-kinase assay (MLA) on L5178YTk± cells, while Caco-2 cells were used for the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The exposure periods ranged between 4 and 72 h depending on the assay. The genotoxicity of the mixture was observed only in the MN test with S9 metabolic fraction, similar to the results previously reported for CYN individually. These results indicate that cyanobacterial mixtures require a specific (geno)toxicity evaluation as their effects cannot be extrapolated from those of the individual cyanotoxins.España Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2015-64558-

Overcoming Limitations for Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic via the Communicative Methodology: The Case of Homelessness During the Spanish Home Confinement

Research on homelessness is a field of study in social sciences with a long and solid history. Several pieces of research have let us understand the life experiences and trajectories of these individuals, the challenges that they have faced, and the interventions conducted with them to address this inequality. Nonetheless, the research methodologies in those studies prove short in a situation such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. If we, researchers, are to prioritize social impact, we cannot wait for the pandemic to be overcome to employ those methodologies to investigate homelessness. If so doing, we would meet the needs of homeless people too late

New Method for Simultaneous Determination of Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin in Vegetable Matrices by SPE-UPLC-MS/MS

Cyanotoxins are a large group of noxious metabolites with different chemical structure and mechanisms of action, with a worldwide distribution, producing effects in animals, humans, and crop plants. When cyanotoxin-contaminated waters are used for the irrigation of edible vegetables, humans can be in contact with these toxins through the food chain. In this work, a method for the simultaneous detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), Microcystin-RR (MC-RR), Microcystin-YR (MC-YR), and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in lettuce has been optimized and validated, using a dual solid phase extraction (SPE) system for toxin extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for analysis. Results showed linear ranges (5–50 ng g−1 f.w.), low values for limit of detection (LOD) (0.06–0.42 ng g−1 f.w.), and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.16–0.91 ng g−1 f.w.), acceptable recoveries (41–93%), and %RSDIP values for the four toxins. The method proved to be robust for the three variables tested. Finally, it was successfully applied to detect these cyanotoxins in edible vegetables exposed to cyanobacterial extracts under laboratory conditions, and it could be useful for monitoring these toxins in edible vegetables for better exposure estimation in terms of risk assessment.España MINECO AGL2015-64558-

Influence of refrigeration and freezing in Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin concentrations on fish muscle of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and tench (Tinca tinca)

The consumption of fish contaminated with cyanotoxins is an important public health issue due to their potential adverse effects. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of refrigeration (4 °C) and freezing (−20 °C) on the concentration of Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), Microcystins (MCs) and their combination in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and tench (Tinca tinca). Fish muscle were spiked with a stock solution of each toxin to reach 750 μg/g dry weight (d.w.). Three different periods of time were investigated for each treatment: 24 h, 48 h and 7 days for refrigeration, and 24 h, 7 days and 1 month for freezing. Samples were extracted and quantified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that freezing for 1 month produced highest decreases of these toxins in both species in comparison to refrigeration, being CYN the most stable cyanotoxin. Moreover, MCs are more stable to storage processes in the mixtures than alone, and fish species is a factor to take into account in their stability. These findings highlight the need to assess the influence of food storage processes on the presence of cyanotoxins in fish species for a more realistic human health risk assessment.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-104890RB-I00 MICIN/ AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033

The relationship between clinical placement duration and students' satisfaction with the quality of supervision and learning environment: A mediation analysis

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Grant/Award Number: DOCM 19/02/2020; Grant for Stays in Other Universities and Research Centers co-financed by the European Regional Development 2014-2020, Grant/Award Number: 2014ES16RFOP010; Nurse Education Foundations (Sairaanhoitajien koulutussaatio) fundWe thank Mikko Saarikoski, Tony Warne, Unn-Britt Johansson, Evridiki Papastavrou, Erna Tichelaar, Marco Tomietto, Koen van den Bossche, and María Flores Vizcaya-Moreno for the permission of using the data. We thank the schools and students their enthusiastic participation in the study.Multiple factors that influence the learning experience of nursing students while they are in clinical training have been identified, such as the clinical learning environment, the supervision provided by supervisors, and the level of cooperation with the nurse teacher. The objective was to examine whether the relationship between the clinical placement duration and overall satisfaction with clinical training is mediated by the supervisory relationship and learning environment. A secondary analysis was conducted using the data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 17 higher educational institutions in nine European countries with the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale (n = 1903 pre-registration nursing students). Satisfaction with the supervisor and a good learning environment mediated the relationship between clinical placement duration and overall satisfaction as perceived by the students. Nursing students with longer clinical placement durations were more satisfied with clinical training as a result of both their satisfaction with their supervisor and their perceptions of good learning environment. The optimal duration a nursing student should remain in the different practice settings is approximately 7 weeks.European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) DOCM 19/02/2020European Commission 2014ES16RFOP010Nurse Education Foundations (Sairaanhoitajien koulutussaatio) fun

Formal [4 + 1] Cycloadditions of β,β-Diaryl-Substituted ortho-(Alkynyl)styrenes through Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions

Gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of β,β-diaryl-o-(alkynyl)- styrenes at 80 °C selectively yields dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indenes in a transformation that encompasses a formal [4 + 1] cycloaddition and takes place through a cascade 5-endo-cyclization−diene activation−iso-Nazarov cyclization. In addition, by performing the reaction at 0 °C, the same substrates exclusively give rise to benzofulvene derivatives, which have also been shown to be intermediates in the formation of the tetracyclics.Junta de Castilla y León (BU237U13) and Ministerio de Economıá y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER (CTQ2013-48937-C2-1-P

Medición de la capacidad emprendedora de los empresarios de Coria del Rio: la autoeficacia percibida

El fomento de la iniciativa emprendedora es un mensaje que últimamente está teniendo un gran impacto en la sociedad debido a la trascendencia que la actividad emprendedora puede tener en todo proceso de cambio y desarrollo. El presente trabajo propone una formula de medición de la capacidad emprendedora como elemento integrante de otro elemento más complejo que es la competencia emprendedora. Esta medición se hace a partir del concepto de autoeficacia percibida y constituye un primer paso en el conocimiento amplio de la capacidad en un sentido más amplio.The promotion of the entrepreneurial initiative is a mesage that, in the last time, has a big impact in the society due to the importance that the entrepreneurial activity can have in any process of change and development. This paper proposes a medition of the entrepreneurial capacity as an element that is part of other more complexe that is the entrepreneurial competence. This medition is made from the concept of self-efficacy and it constitutes a first step in the wide knowledge of the “capacity” in a more extensive sense

Easy, fast, and clean fluorescence analysis of tryptophan with clays and graphene/clay mixtures

Clays (C) such as sepiolite (SEP) or bentonite (BEN) and their mixtures with graphene (G) have been used as sorbents in dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE). Tryptophan (TRP) analysis by fluorescence combined with a sample preparation step using G/C 30/70 w/w mixture provides a quantitative TRP retention, independently of the amino acid concentration with a desorption process feasible in 80 mM aqueous solution of the surfactant Brij L23. Under these conditions, the detection and quantification limits are 3.5 and 11.8 mu g L-1, respectively. Additionally, a novel, simple and inexpensive method has been developed to directly analyse TRP in real sam-ples, in which the presence of matrix interferents typically limits to obtain accurate results. For the first time, BEN has been used as an effective clean-up sorbent for the fluorimetric analysis of TRP in beer, leading to results without statistical differences versus those of a reference HPLC method free of interferences, with recoveries of 90 % and 100 %. The proposed method can be applied to accurately analyse TRP in complex matrices in a direct, easy, fast and sustainable way.Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia y Universidade