Por qué algunos padres rechazan las vacunas para sus hijos

Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica de por qué algunos padres rechazan las vacunas para sus hijos

International migration and transitions to adulthood in Mexico

This research studies the process of transition to adulthood of young Mexicans with migratory experience in the United State and the effect that this displacement had on five transitional events using event history models of continuous time - history history analysis-, using for its elaboration as primary source of information the National Survey of the Youth of the year 2010. The interre-lationship between the different transitional events is also analyzed, comparing the study group with the young without international migration experience in different contexts. The results show that migration experience has an effect on the timing and intensity of the various transitions into adulthood. Migration adds complexity and alter the course of life of young Mexican, limiting the well-being and sustainable development of their future life project

Migración internacional y transiciones a la adultez en México

En esta investigación se estudia el proceso de transición a la edad adulta de los jóvenes mexicanos con experiencia migratoria en Estados Unidos y el efecto que tuvo este desplazamiento en cinco eventos transicionales empleando modelos de historia de evento de tiempo continuo —event history analysis—, utilizando para su elaboración como fuente de información primaria la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud del año 2010. También se analizan la interrelación entre los diferentes eventos transicionales comparando al grupo de estudio con los jóvenes sin experiencia migratoria internacional en diferentes contextos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la experiencia migratoria tiene un efecto en el calendario y la intensidad de las diversas transiciones hacia la adultez. La migración agrega complejidad y altera el curso de vida de los jóvenes mexicano, limitando el bienestar y desarrollo sustentable de su proyecto futuro de vida

Molecular study of drought response in the Mediterranean conifer Pinus Pinaster Ait. : differential transcriptomic profiling reveals constitutive water deficit‐independent drought tolerance mechanisms

Adaptation of long‐living forest trees to respond to environmental changes is essential to secure their performance under adverse conditions. Water deficit is one of the most significant stress factors determining tree growth and survival. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), the main source of softwood in southwestern Europe, is subjected to recurrent drought periods which, according to climate change predictions for the years to come, will progressively increase in the Mediterranean region. The mechanisms regulating pine adaptive responses to environment are still largely unknown. The aim of this work was to go a step further in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maritime pine response to water stress and drought tolerance at the whole plant level. A global transcriptomic profiling of roots, stems, and needles was conducted to analyze the performance of siblings showing contrasted responses to water deficit from an ad hoc designed full‐sib family. Although P. pinaster is considered a recalcitrant species for vegetative propagation in adult phase, the analysis was conducted using vegetatively propagated trees exposed to two treatments: well‐watered and moderate water stress. The comparative analyses led us to identify organ‐specific genes, constitutively expressed as well as differentially expressed when comparing control versus water stress conditions, in drought‐sensitive and drought‐tolerant genotypes. Different response strategies can point out, with tolerant individuals being pre‐adapted for coping with drought by constitutively expressing stress‐related genes that are detected only in latter stages on sensitive individuals subjected to drought

InSAR-Based Mapping to Support Decision-Making after an Earthquake

It has long been recognized that earthquakes change the stress in the upper crust around the fault rupture and can influence the behaviour of neighbouring faults and volcanoes. Rapid estimates of these stress changes can provide the authorities managing the post-disaster situation with valuable data to identify and monitor potential threads and to update the estimates of seismic and volcanic hazard in a region. Here we propose a methodology to evaluate the potential influence of an earthquake on nearby faults and volcanoes and create easy-to-understand maps for decision-making support after large earthquakes. We apply this methodology to the Mw 7.8, 2016 Ecuador earthquake. Using Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and continuous GPS data, we measure the coseismic ground deformation and estimate the distribution of slip over the fault rupture. We also build an alternative source model using the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) solution. Then we use these models to evaluate changes of static stress on the surrounding faults and volcanoes and produce maps of potentially activated faults and volcanoes. We found, in general, good agreement between our maps and the seismic and volcanic events that occurred after the Pedernales earthquake. We discuss the potential and limitations of the methodology.This work is supported by the European Commission, Directorate-General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO) under the SAFETY (Sentinel for Geohazards regional monitoring and forecasting) project (ECHO/SUB/2015/718679/Prev02) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under INTERGEOSIMA (CGL2013-47412) and ACTIVESTEP (CGL2017-83931-C3), QUAKESTEP (1-P) + 3GEO(2-P) + GEOACTIVA (3-P) projects

Trabajadores pobres y pobreza en el trabajo: concepto y evolución de la pobreza en la oculación: el impacto de las últimas reformas legales

Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e InnovaciónFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) de la Unión Europe

The 1970’s volcanic eruption at Deception Island (West-Antarctica) and fault-related activity: the Maria’s Fault

Este trabajo analiza la formación de un escarpe de falla asociado a la erupción freatomagmática que ocurrió en 1970 en la Isla Decepción (Antártida Occidental). El hecho de tener información de fotografías aéreas previas a su desarrollo (1968) y una imagen de satélite de alta resolución (2003) permite establecer la formación de dicho escarpe, la evolución de la red de drenaje y la presencia de terrazas fluviales levantadas. A partir de esta información, llevamos a cabo una campaña de campo durante el verano austral de 2007, con el fin de realizar una serie de trincheras a lo largo del escarpe. De toda la información expuesta, se constata un movimiento de componente inverso a lo largo de la falla con 1 km de ruptura superficial y 20 cm de salto, afectando a los depósitos piroclásticos de la erupción de 1970. Tres modelos podrían explicar dicha actividad: (1) Terremoto inverso de tamaño pequeño-moderado (5<M<6) posterior a la erupción de 1970, (2) Reactivación de una falla previa asociada a la inyección o migración de un dique somero durante el proceso eruptivo y (3) Actividad asísmica de tipo creep a lo largo del plano de falla post terremoto.This work addresses the presence of a superficial rupture fault scarp in relationship with the phreatomagmatic eruption occurred in 1970 at Deception Island, West Antarctica. We have analysed aerial photographs (1968) previous to the eruption and contemporaneous high resolution satellite image (Quickbird, 2003). This information was relevant to establish the scarp morphology, fluvial network variations and uplifted fluvial terraces. Accordingly and during the austral summer of 2007, we carried out a field survey with the purpose to perform several paleoseismic trenches across the fault scarp. This analysis showed a reverse fault movement through 1 km of superficial rupture with 20 cm of vertical throw. This activity affected to the pyroclastic volcano sedimentary sequence of the 1970’s eruption. We propose three models that could explain this activity: (1) Reverse small-moderate earthquake (5<M<6) triggered by the 1970`s eruption, (2) Reactivation of a previous fault as a consequence of dike injection and/or magma migration in relationship with the eruptive process and (3) Aseismic fault creep activity post-earthquake.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC)pu

Sociopolitical consequences of COVID-19 in the Americas, Europe, and Asia: A multilevel, multicountry investigation of risk perceptions and support for antidemocratic practices

Although different social crises may eventually favor undemocratic and authoritarian forms of governance, at some point, such antidemocratic practices require the support of a significant part of the population to be implemented. The present research investigates how and whether the COVID-19 pandemic might have favoured greater support for antidemocratic governmental practices, on the premise of regaining control and security. Using data from 17 countries (N = 4364) and national-level indicators (i.e., real number of contagions and deaths, and sociopolitical indicators), we test how the risk of contagion and death from COVID-19, along with personal orientations (i.e., social dominance orientation [SDO], right-wing authoritarianism [RWA], and perceived anomie) motivate authoritarian and antidemocratic practices. Results from multilevel models indicate that risk perception and perceptions of political instability predict a wish for stronger leadership, agreement with martial law, and support for a controlling government especially when SDO and RWA are high, while more egalitarian and less conservative people agree less with these authoritarian measures in spite of the levels of risk perception. We discuss the implications for these findings for future research on similar but also dissimilar external events (natural disasters, war, or terror incidents) and the consequences for societies with higher authoritarian tendencies.Fil: Pizarro, José J.. Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Cakal, Huseyin. Keele University; Reino UnidoFil: Méndez, Lander. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Zumeta, Larraitz N.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Gracia-Leiva, Marcela. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Basabe, Nekane. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Navarro-Carrillo, Ginés. Universidad de Jaén; EspañaFil: Cazan, Ana Maria. Transilvania University of Brasov; RumaniaFil: Keshavarzi, Saeed. Independent Researcher; IránFil: López López, Wilson. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Yahiiaiev, Illia. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; UcraniaFil: Alzugaray Ponce, Carolina. Universidad Santo Tomas; ChileFil: Villagrán, Loreto. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Moyano Díaz, Emilio. Universidad de Talca; ChileFil: Petrović, Nebojša. University of Belgrade; SerbiaFil: Mathias, Anderson. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila; MéxicoFil: Techio, Elza M.. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Wlodarczyk, Anna. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Alfaro-Beracoechea, Laura. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Ibarra, Manuel L.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Michael, Andreas. University of Cyprus; ChipreFil: Mhaskar, Sumeet. O.p. Jindal Global University; IndiaFil: Martínez Zelaya, Gonzalo. Universidad Viña del Mar; ChileFil: Bilbao, Marian. Universidad Alberto Hurtado; ChileFil: Delfino, Gisela Isabel. Universidad Pontificia Comillas; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carvalho, Catarina L.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Pinto, Isabel R.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Mohsin, Falak Zehra. Karachi School Of Business And Leadership; PakistánFil: Espinosa, Agustín. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cueto, Rosa María. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cavalli, Stefano. Scuola Universitaria Professionale Della Svizzera Italiana; ItaliaFil: da Costa, Silvia. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Amutio, Alberto. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Alonso Arbiol, Itziar. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Páez, Darío. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chil

Efectos psicosociales y culturales del desplazamiento

El libro presenta una aproximación a una lectura psicosocial de los efectos del conflicto armado, con ello queremos aportar elementos teóricos y metodológicos a los profesionales interesados, para que puedan intervenir, no sólo en lo que tiene que ver con el sufrimiento emocional de quienes directa o indirectamente viven esta tragedia, sino para que logren incidir en la construcción de alternativas colectivas para prevenir y enfrentar las múltiples consecuencias que genera el desplazamiento forzoso. / Contenido. Preliminares; Capítulo 1 - Impactos psicosociales del desplazamiento y estrategias de intervención; Capítulo 2 - Impactos sociales y culturales del desplazamiento. Capítulo 3 - Impactos del desplazamiento: una mirada de género y de generación; Capítulo 4 - Propuestas y experiencias de atención