Valor de una red clínico-epidemiológica en el estudio de las enfermedades importadas en España

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 26 de Octubre de 201

Analysis of the Chemistry activities in 1st level of Spanish Bachelor Physics and Chemistry textbooks from a «Chemistry in context» approach

In the last few years there are two worrying phenomenon happening in the science teaching environment, on one hand there are fewer students who choose science subjects at the time they’re optional and on the other hand the decreasing number of university students enrolled in science careers, if we add those two facts the results of the latest pisa tests, which show that students who choose these materials do not get satisfactory results, we have a hopeless outlook. One way of analysing the situation is exploring what happens in the classroom and in this context we find that the textbook is a resource used extensively in the teaching of Chemistry; one essential element for learning are planned activities in the classroom, so it seems essential to make a full review of them. The objectives in this study are: Analysing and classifying the activities contextualized of chemistry textbooks currently used in eleventh grade and comparing books from different educational laws based on their contextualized activities. For the review and classification of activities it uses a methodology of analysis for qualitative content. The results demonstrate the anecdotic presence of this kind of activities in textbooks; 8308 activities were reviewed of which only 6,46% corresponded to contextualized activities. In addition when comparing the different books, whether they are currently used or the ones from previous educational laws, we see that there is not a turnaround in what refers to the contextualized activities, as a significant variation is not observed in the percentages and therefore do not adapt well to curriculum changes./n En los últimos años se están produciendo dos fenómenos preocupantes en la enseñanza de las ciencias, por un lado, cada vez son menos los alumnos que escogen las materias de ciencias cuando éstas son optativas y, por otro, está disminuyendo el número de estudiantes universitarios matriculados en carreras de ciencias; si a estos hechos sumamos los resultados obtenidos en las últimas pruebas Pisa, que ponen de manifiesto que los estudiantes que escogen estas materias no obtienen resultados satisfactorios, nos encontramos ante un panorama, cuando menos, poco esperanzador. Una vía de análisis de la situación es explorar lo que ocurre en el aula y en este contexto encontramos que el libro de texto es un recurso intensamente utilizado en la enseñanza de la Química; un elemento clave para el aprendizaje son las actividades planteadas en el aula, por eso parece esencial realizar una revisión exhaustiva de las mismas. Los objetivos planteados en el presente trabajo son: Analizar y clasificar las actividades contextualizadas de química de los libros de texto que se usan actualmente en primero de Bachillerato y comparar las actividades de libros de distintas leyes educativas en base a sus actividades contextualizadas. Se utiliza para la revisión y clasificación de las actividades una metodología de análisis cualitativo del contenido. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la anecdótica presencia de esta clase de actividades en los textos escolares; en total se revisaron 8308 actividades de las cuales solamente un 6,46% corresponde a actividades contextualizadas. Además, al comparar los distintos libros, tanto los que se usan actualmente como los de leyes anteriores, vemos que no existe un cambio de tendencia en los mismos en lo referente a las actividades contextualizadas, ya que no se observa una variación significativa en los porcentajes y, por lo tanto, no se adaptan bien a los cambios del currículo

Creación de un paquete de R para gestionar bases de datos de preguntas de test compatibles con Moodle

Aplicación que permite gestionar una base de datos de preguntas de test e importarlas en moodle

Soluble co-signaling molecules predict long-term graft outcome in kidney-transplanted patients

Co-signaling molecules are responsible for full T-cell activation after solid organ transplantation. Their increased expression can lead to the release of a soluble form that can modulate the immune response post-transplantation. We analyzed the presence of co-signaling molecules (sCD30, sCD40, sCD137, sCTLA-4, sCD80, sCD28, sCD40L, sPD-1, and sPD-L1) in serum from kidney-transplanted patients (n = 59) obtained at different times (before transplantation, and 15 days, 3 months and 1 year post-transplantation) and their contribution to graft outcome was evaluated using principal component analysis. Before transplantation, high levels of soluble co-signaling molecules (mainly sCD30, sCD137 and sCD40) were detected in all patients. These molecules were modulated soon after receiving an allograft but never attained similar levels to those of healthy controls. A signature based on the determination of six soluble co-stimulatory (sCD30, sCD40, sCD137 and sCD40L) and co-inhibitory (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) molecules at 3 months post-transplantation allowed a group of patients to be identified (27.12%) with a worse long-term graft outcome. Patients with high levels of soluble molecules showed a progressive and gradual deterioration of kidney function (increased creatinine and proteinuria levels and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate) over time and a higher risk of graft loss at 6 years post-transplantation than patients with low levels of these molecules (62.55% versus 5.14%, p<0.001). Thus, our data show an aberrant expression of soluble co-signaling molecules in kidney-transplanted patients whose quantification at 3 months post-transplantation might be a useful biomarker of immune status and help to predict long-term graft evolution

Digitalización del laboratorio de Química Física I en tiempos de COVID-19

Depto. de Química FísicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFALSEsubmitte