Perspectivas sobre la educación financiera, su importancia e impactos de su incorporación en los niveles educativos

This article is the result of research related to financial inclusion and the financial education training process. Its objective is to present an argumentative analysis on the importance and impacts of incorporating financial education from basic to professional education. It also seeks to make contributions from the historical perspective on the development of the subject at an international level and from the conceptual level, providing definitions of education, culture and financial inclusion that serve as a basis for future explorations and analysis. An argumentative analysis of the benefits that are unleashed from the personal and family, corporate level and finally at the country level with transversal repercussions. Benefits are discussed with a focus on issues related to the use of money, the administration of income and expenses, the alternatives of savings, investment and means of financing, financial management in the long term, elements inherent to financial decisions and reduction of vulnerabilities. In this sense, the transmission of knowledge on financial education from an early age provides long-term benefits, triggering improvements in decision-making both at the micro and macro levels. It allows an improvement in the management of financial services, make informed saving decisions about savings, investment, financing, and provides instruments for the protection of users, which as a whole reduces the vulnerabilities of economic actors.El presente artículo es fruto de investigaciones relativas a la inclusión financiera y el proceso de formación en educación financiera. Su objetivo es presentar un análisis argumentativo sobre la importancia e impactos de incorporar la educación financiera desde educación básica hasta profesional. También busca hacer aportes desde la perspectiva histórica sobre el desarrollo de la temática a nivel internacional y desde lo conceptual, proveyendo definiciones de educación, cultura e inclusión financiera que sirvan de base para futuras exploraciones y análisis. También se presenta un análisis argumentativo de los beneficios cuyo comportamiento es un desencadenamiento de lo personal hacia lo familiar, corporativo y finalmente a nivel de países con repercusiones transversales y se presentan en temáticas relacionadas con el uso del dinero, la administración de ingresos y gastos, las alternativas de ahorro, inversión y medios de financiamiento, la gestión financiera en el largo plazo, la elementos inherentes a las decisiones financieras y disminución de vulnerabilidades. En este sentido, la transmisión de conocimiento en materia de educación financiera desde edades tempranas brinda beneficios en el largo plazo para todos los usuarios de los servicios financieros desencadenando mejoras a en la toma de decisiones tanto a nivel micro y como macroeconómicos, porque permite mejorar la gestión del medio de intercambio, asumir decisiones informadas en materia de ahorro, inversión, financiamiento, provee de instrumentales para la protección de los usuarios, lo que en su conjunto reduce las vulnerabilidades de los actores económicos

Género, adolescencia y conflicto. El discurso argumentativo como acción situada en contexto

Una manera adecuada para estudiar los procesos psicológicos es la aproximación a través del discurso. Partiendo del cuestionamiento sobre las ideas de Gilligan (1982) acerca de la diferente orientación moral de hombres y mujeres, y considerando el papel fundamental del contexto, nos proponemos caracterizar la argumentación de chicos y chicas adolescentes en dos ámbitos diferentes como son los conflictos de pandilla y la violencia en la pareja, así como mostrar el carácter situado de la relación entre género y discurso. Se estudiaron 42 adolescentes de Sevilla con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años, quienes debatieron sobre dilemas morales en grupos de discusión. Se aplicó un doble análisis, cuantitativo y cualitativo. El análisis estadístico de la forma, contenido y secuencias de argumentación revela que las diferencias y semejanzas entre chicos y chicas, en estos tres aspectos, aparecen según los contextos. El análisis cualitativo muestra que en la pareja se dan mayores diferencias discursivas entre chicos y chicas que en la pandilla, a la vez que se tratan temáticas distintas, como la responsabilidad de los hechos, posiblemente debido a la presencia de contenidos sobre violencia de género. Se constata así el carácter situado del discurso de los y las adolescentes

Moments and associated measures of copulas with fractal support

Copulas are closely related to the study of distributions and the dependence between random variables. In this paper we develop a recurrence formula for the moments of a measure associated with a copula (a bivariate distribution function with uniform one-dimensional marginals) in the case that its support is a fractal set. We do the same for its principal and secondary diagonals. We also study certain measures of dependence or association for these copulas with fractal supports

Ultrasound extraction optimization for bioactive molecules from Eucalyptus globulus leaves through antioxidant activity

Antioxidant products present a very high added value and are demanded in the market. The optimization of their extraction is a high-stakes matter for both economic and environmental points of view. Ultrasound extraction has been considered one of the most promising methods, so the relative importance of key parameters may have decisive economic significance. For this reason, different parameters that have influence on the extraction capacity such as ultrasound power, time, temperature, pH and % ethanol in water have been studied to know the relationships between the independent parameters and their influence on the extraction from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. An experimental Box-Behnken factorial design and subsequent analysis by neural networks have been used. The relative influence of each parameter varies according to the nature of the extracted compound. In this regard, the higher capacity of extraction of the selected antioxidant compounds by means of the variation of the operation conditions can be facilitated. For all the studied compounds, temperature has been the most important parameter for their extraction. The relative content (%) of bioactive compounds (terpenes) in the optimized Eucalyptus globulus extract has been performed by GC–MS analysis

Optimization of bioactive compounds by ultrasound extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry in fast-growing leaves

Fast-growing crops are of great economic importance in the production of paper pulp and energy. The commercialization of the bioactive components from underutilized parts could provide additional value to these crops. In the present study, chromatography gas coupled to mass spectrometry triple quadrupole (GC–MS/MS) and ultrasound extraction technique was used in the bioactive compounds determination in fast-growing crops leaves. Twenty-one terpenes and eight polyphenolic bioactive compounds were studied. Prior to GC–MS/MS, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) - stir bars preconcentration and trimethylsilane (TMS) derivatization steps were used for terpenes and polyphenolic compounds, respectively. Several parameters (pH, temperature, ethanol–water mixtures, ultrasound power, and ultrasound time) of the extraction step were optimized by central composite experimental design. Ethanol content, ultrasound power, and ultrasound time were the parameters that most influence the extraction efficiency of terpenes in biomass residues, while for polyphenolic compounds it was temperature and ultrasound time. The optimal ultrasound extraction conditions for terpenes were 60% ethanol, pH 4, 80 W, 40 ºC, and 15 min, whereas for polyphenolic compounds they were 60% ethanol, pH 4, 120 W, 50 ºC, and 15 min. The detection limits (LOD) were in the range of 0.200–3.02 µg kg−1 and 7.9–540 µg kg−1 for terpenes and polyphenolic compounds, respectively. The developed analytical method was applied to twelve fast-growing leaves (Leucaene (diversifolia and leucocephala), Eucalyptus (globulus and urograndis), Populus (I214 and AF2), Prosopis (alba and juliflora), Robinia, Tagasaste, Ulmus pumila, and Paulownia). Eucalyptol was the mayor terpene present in all the plants studied, while chlorogenic and quinic acid were the mayor phenolic compounds.This study was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain), as well as by the National Research Program Oriented to the Challenges of Society (Project PID2020-112875RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033), and the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Business of the Government of the Junta of Andalusia (Spain), the Operative Program is framed within FEDER Andalusia 2014–2020 (Project UHU-125540). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA

Detection and classification of aircraft fixation elements during manufacturing processes using a convolutional neural network

The aerospace sector is one of the main economic drivers that strengthens our present, constitutes our future and is a source of competitiveness and innovation with great technological development capacity. In particular, the objective of manufacturers on assembly lines is to automate the entire process by using digital technologies as part of the transition toward Industry 4.0. In advanced manufacturing processes, artificial vision systems are interesting because their performance influences the liability and productivity of manufacturing processes. Therefore, developing and validating accurate, reliable and flexible vision systems in uncontrolled industrial environments is a critical issue. This research deals with the detection and classification of fasteners in a real, uncontrolled environment for an aeronautical manufacturing process, using machine learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks. Our system achieves 98.3% accuracy in a processing time of 0.8 ms per image. The results reveal that the machine learning paradigm based on a neural network in an industrial environment is capable of accurately and reliably estimating mechanical parameters to improve the performance and flexibility of advanced manufacturing processing of large parts with structural responsibility.This publication was carried out as part of the project Nuevas Uniones de estructuras aeronáuticas reference number IDI-20180754. This project has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Ciencia e Innovación and Centre for Industrial Technological Development (CDTI)

Laryngeal effects of stimulation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and perifornical area in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized rats

Background: Stimulation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and perifornical area (DMH-PeF) in rats evokes a cardiorespiratory response characterised by an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory frequency. In previous studies (Díaz-Casares et al., 2012; López-González et al., 2018) we have shown a functional interaction between DMH-PeF and pontine structures (A5 region and Parabrachial Complex). We have also shown that rostral and ventral pontine structures are involved in the changes of laryngeal caliber (Lara et al., 2002). The aim of this study was to characterize the relations between hypothalamic and pontine neuronal circuits involved in laryngeal activity and its effect on vocalization. Methods: Experimental studies were carried out with non-inbred male rats (n=7). Animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg i.p., initial dose, supplemented 2 mg/ kg, i.v., as necessary). A double tracheal cannulation (upwards in direction of the glottis for the “glottis isolated in situ” technique) was done. Subglottic pressure was recorded with an aneroid transducer by passing a stream of humidified medical air upwards through the larynx at a constant rate of 30-70 ml/min with a thermal mass digital air flow meter controller. Electrical stimulation of the DMH-PeF using concentric bipolar electrodes (1 ms pulses, 20-40 µA, 100 Hz for 5 s) was performed. Respiratory flow, pleural pressure, blood pressure, heart rate and ECG activity were also recorded. Results: DMH-PeF stimulation evoked a decrease of laryngeal resistance (subglottal pressure) (p<0,001) accompanied with an inspiratory facilitatory response consisted of an increase in respiratory rate (p<0,001), together with a pressor (p<0,001) and a tachycardic response (p<0,001). Conclusions: The results of our study contribute with new data on the role of the DMH-PeF in the mechanisms controlling subglottic pressure and laryngeal activity.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Design and implementation of a method to study laryngeal resistance during the stimulation of dorsolateral periaqueductal grey (dlpag) in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized rats

Stimulation of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dl-PAG) in rats evokes a cardiorespiratory response characterised by an increase of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory frequency. In previous studies we have demonstrated a functional interaction between dlPAG and the pontine A5 region (Peinado-Aragonés C.A., 2016). A5 region modulates the cardiorespiratory response evoked from the dlPAG and it is also involved in the changes of laryngeal caliber (Lara et al., 2002). The aim of this study was to characterise the relationship between mesencephalic-pontine neuronal circuits to understand their role in laryngeal control and its effect on vocalization. Experimental studies were carried out with non-inbred male rats (n=7), Animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg i.p., initial dose, supplemented 2 mg/ kg, i.v., as necessary). A double tracheal cannulation (upwards in direction of the glottis for the “glottis isolated in situ” technique) was performed. Subglottic pressure was recorded with an aneroid transducer by passing a stream of humidified medical air upwards through the larynx at a constant rate of 30-70 ml/min with a thermal mass digital air flow meter controller. Electrical stimulation of the dlPAG using concentric bipolar electrodes (1 ms pulses, 20-40 µA, 100 Hz for 5 s) was performed. dlPAG stimulation evoked a decrease of laryngeal resistance (subglottal pressure) (p<0,001) accompanied with an inspiratory facilitatory response consisted of an increase in respiratory rate (p<0,001), together with a pressor (p<0,001) and a tachycardic response (p<0,001). Our variation of the classical technique for the recording of the“isolated glottis in situ”in rats shows good dynamic responses and can be perfectly used as an index of subglottic pressure and laryngeal activity, thus our results contribute with new data on the role of the dlPAG in the control mechanisms of subglottic pressure and laryngeal activityUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Neutron Spectrum and Dose with Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial neural networks have been applied to unfold the neutron spectra and to calculate the effective dose, the ambient equivalent dose, and the personal dose equivalent for 252Cf, 239PuBe, and 241AmBe neutron sources. The count rates that these neutron sources produce in a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer with a 6LiI (Eu) were utilized as input in both artificial neural networks. Spectra and the ambient dose equivalent were also obtained with BUNKIUT code and the UTA4 response matrix. With both procedures spectra and ambient dose equivalent agrees in less than 10%. The Artificial neural network technology is an alternative procedure to unfold neutron spectra and to perform neutron dosimetry