Reducing the power consumption in green 5G networks under system uncertainty

Along this Master thesis, we develop an heuristic model based on a given mixed integer lineal problem (MILP). The problem of energy-efficient user association is approached, as well as the backhaul (BH) routing for 5G Heterogeneous Networs with point-to-point millimeter wave mesh BH links. The developed heuristic model minimizes the total power consumption of the access net- work and BH links, subject to some constraints on both, the achievable user rate versus its demand and the maximum link capacity on both the access and BH. The outcome of the model provides the optimal user association and BH routing strategy. In order to achieve the goal of this Master thesis we use OptaPlanner which is a con- straint satisfaction solver that allows us to develop the pursued heuristic using Java. This step consists on creating the UML class diagram in order to identify and implement the respective parameters in OptaPlanner. Moreover, in this project we also modify the achieved heuristic in order to be able to be robust against user demand deviations. We use the theory of Γ-robustness and derive a robust MILP formulation. We consider different local search algorithms, such as Tabu Search and Lace Acceptance Hill Climbing. In order to decide which one is better we study their effect over our heuristic. In addition, we contemplate the influence over, not only, the different Γ values, but also different maximum deviation values. We check that the higher Γ value is, the more realistic the scenarios will be, however the power consumption will also increase. Using several scenarios, we have been tested that the proposed model can achieve a good performance of the heuristic. Furthermore, we quantitatively analyze the trade-off between power consumption versus protection level and robustness

Can ecosystem properties be fully translated into service values? an economic valuation of aquatic plant services

Ecological Applications 21. 5 (2011): 3083-3103 copyright by the Ecological Society of AmericaWe carried out an integrated analysis of ecosystem services in the Doñana social-ecological system (southwestern Spain), from the providers (different aquatic plant functional groups) to the beneficiaries (different stakeholders living in or visiting the area). We explored the ecosystem services supplied by aquatic plants by linking these services to different plant functional traits, identifying relevant ecosystem services and then working our way backward to ecosystem properties and the functional traits underpinning them. We started from 15 ecosystem services associated with aquatic systems (freshwater marshes, salt marshes, ponds on aeolian sheets, temporal coastal ponds, and estuaries) and related them to plant traits (directly or indirectly through intermediate ecosystem properties). We gathered information from the literature on the functional traits of 144 plants occurring in the aquatic ecosystems of Doñana. We analyzed the species×trait matrix with multivariate classification and ordination techniques and obtained seven functional groups with different potentials for delivering ecosystem services. A survey was then administered to 477 stakeholders to analyze, through the use of a contingent valuation exercise, how the ecosystem services provided by the different functional groups were valued. We identified connections between individual plant traits, ecosystem processes, and ecosystem services, but a mismatch appeared between the functional groups and the economic values placed on them by the beneficiaries. We found that contingent valuation applied to ecosystem services tended to ignore the ecosystem properties and biodiversity underpinning them. Our results cast doubts over the suitability of the economic valuation framework of ecosystem services to capture the full value of biodiversity and ecosystems to peopleThis research was partially supported by a grant from the Madrid Regional Government of Education, which was co-funded by the Social European Fund (F.S.E.), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Project CGL2006- 14121/BOS), and the Spanish Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs through project 018/2009. S. Díaz acknowledges support from FONCyT and CONICET (Argentina) and IAI (CRN 2015, supported by US NSF GEO- 0452325

A fabric of life view of the world

This month in Geneva, the 196 parties to the UnitedNations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity will discuss the post-2020 Global BiodiversityFramework, in preparation for part two of the UNBiodiversity Conference (COP 15) in Kunming, China. By driving biodiversity actions worldwidethrough 2030 and beyond, this is arguably the most important biodiversity policy process of our time. There is a general sense that time is running out.Policy-makers and the general public are increasingly well-informed about nature, but this has not translated into slowing down its fast deterioration. Most of the biodiversity goals that have gained public attention are not consistent with the connectedness between humans and other organisms, or between different places and peoples through living bodies. This is in part reinforced by technical definitions,metaphors, and social narratives associated with biodiversity that are not explicit aboutthis connectedness. PFil: Díaz, Sandra Myrna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Forma y vacío en la poesía de Severo Sarduy

In this essay we will elevate models on simulated models and/or figures in Severo Sarduy's poetry which can reveal the relationship between form and void and the philological and philosophical implications of that correlation.En el presente artículo vamos a elevar modelos sobre los modelos y/o figuras simuladas en la poesía de Sarduy que, nos pueden revelar la relación entre la forma y el vacío y, las implicaciones filológicas y filosóficas de dicha correlación

INSPIRA

El proyecto de grado consistió en la elaboración de un nuevo medio de comunicación. En este caso se trata de una revisa virtual sobre moda histórica complementado con arte.GIA , virtual communication medium about fashion and ar

La formación humana, un desafío para la educación virtual

La Educación Virtual y las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) en la educación superior, son una de las modalidades didácticas más utilizadas por docentes y estudiantes, ya que contribuyen y ofrecen nuevas herramientas que aportan al mejoramiento de la calidad educativa de diferentes programas académicos. En este sentido, sus objetivos están orientados a brindar una formación profesional de calidad acorde con las exigencias del mundo actual. Sin embargo, a pesar del interés de la educación a distancia por ofrecer otras formas de aprendizaje que den respuesta a los desafíos de la sociedad de conocimiento, la formación humana y social de los profesionales a través de internet, ha sido delegada a un segundo lugar. A partir de lo anterior, conscientes que cualquier modalidad de educación sea presencial o virtual, debe velar por la formación integral profesional y humana de los universitarios, esta propuesta se apoya en el enfoque constructivista, para describir elementos de reflexión frente a la necesidad y el desafío de promover la formación humana en la educación virtual.Virtual Education as well as information and communication technologies (ICT) in higher education are didactic fields used by teachers and students, since they contribute and offer new tools that improve educational quality of the different academic programs. In this way, their aims are focused to offer a vocational education of quality according to the requirements of the current world. Nevertheless, in spite of the distance education concern to offer other ways of learning that answer the challenges of the knowledge society, the professionals human and social formation through Internet, has been delegated to a second place. Taking into account the previous aspects, being conscious that any field of education it could be presential or virtual must watch over the university students integral formation professional and human , that this proposal based on the constructivist approach wants to describe thoughtful elements in the face of the challenges of promoting the human formation in the virtual education

Biodiversity loss threatens human well-being.

The diversity of life on Earth is dramatically affected by Human alterations of ecosystems. Compelling evidence now shows that the reverse is also true: biodiversity in the broad snsse affects the properties of ecosystem and, therefore, the benefits that humans obtain from them. In this article, we provide a synthesis of the most crucial messages emerging from the latest scientific literature and international assessments of the role of biodiversity in ecosystem services and human well- being. Human societies have beeb built on biodiversity. Many activities indispensable for human subsistence lead to biodiversity loss, and this trend is ikely to continue in the future. We clearly benefit from the diversity of organisms that we have learned to use for medicines, food, fibers, and other renwable resources. In addition, biodiversity has always been an integral part of the human experience and there are many moral reasons to preserve it for its own sake. What has been less recognized is that biodiversity also influences human well- being, including the access to water and basic materials for a satifactory life, and security in the face of environmental change, through its effects on the ecosystem processes that lie at the core of the Earth´s most vital life support system.Fil: Díaz, Sandra Myrna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fargione, Joseph. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. University Of New Mexico; Estados UnidosFil: Chapin III, Francis Stuart. University Of Alaska; Estados UnidosFil: Tilman, David. University of Minnesota; Estados Unido

Megaesófago por Miastenia gravis adquirida en un bóxer

La misatenia gravis (MG) es una enfermedad autoinmune, se presenta con frecuencia en perros; uno de los hallazgos que se asocian a la enfermedad es el megaesofago, es indispensable a través del conocimiento clínico de la enfermedad y la realización de pruebas complementarias como imagenologia, laboratorio y pruebas inmunológicas accesibles, que los clínicos se acerquen en la medida de lo posible al diagnostico de la enfermedad, esto con el objetivo de que los pacientes tengan una mejoría a través de un tratamiento médico justificado para MG. Se presenta el caso de un bóxer hembra con signologia asociada a MG cuya evolución ha sido favorable

Biodiversity: Concepts, patterns, trends, and perspectives

Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has a burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on several key concepts, debates, patterns, trends, and drivers. We review the history of the term and the multiple dimensions and values of biodiversity, and we explore what is known and not known about global patterns of biodiversity. We then review changes in biodiversity from early human times to the modern era, examining rates of extinction and direct drivers of biodiversity change and also highlighting some less-well-studied drivers. Finally, we turn attention to the indirect drivers of global biodiversity loss, notably humanity's increasing global consumption footprint, and explore what might be required to reverse the ongoing decline in the fabric of life on Earth.Fil: Díaz, Sandra Myrna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Malhi, Yadvinder. University of Oxford; Reino Unid