Estrategias para mejorar el valor nutritivo de los forrajes en producción convencional y ecológica = Strategies for improving the nutritive value of conventional and organic forages

283 p.La presente tesis doctoral se plantea los objetivos de analizar los efectos de aditivos (enzimas fibrolíticas y un hidrolizado de levadura) para mejorar la digestibilidad rumial de forrajes de baja calidad; y, establecer posibles diferencias en el rendimiento y valor nutritivo de cereales forrajeros cultivados tanto de manera ecológica, como convencional. El estudio se desarrolló a través de 6 pruebas experimentale

Analysis of microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters fed diets of variable composition

Trabajo presentado al : Joint Annual Meeting. ADSA-ASAS. Orlando Florida (USA), julio, 2015. T485Fermenters are widely used to study ruminal fermentation, but infonnation on microbial populations developing in fermenters over the incubation period is limited. Four Rusitec fermenters were fed 2 diets representative of those administered to dairy sheep (DAI; 50:50 alfalfa hay:concentrate) and fattening lambs (FAT; 15:85 barley straw:concentrate) in a crossover design with 2 14-d incubation periods to assess the evolution of the microbial populations. There were 4 fermenters per diet. The fermenters received daily 30 g of diet DM and samples from liquid (LIQ) and solid (SOL) digesta were taken on d 3, 8 and 14, and stored frozen at-80ªC until DNA extraction. Concentrations ofbacterial and protozoal DNA and relative abundance offungi and methanogenic archaea to total bacteria! DNA concentration were detennined by real time PCR using previously validated primers and DNA from bacteria and protozoa isolated from sheep rumen as standards. Data were analyzed as a mixed model with repeated measnres using the PROC MlXED of SAS. The model included diet, incubation nm, time, and diet x tin1e as fixed effects, and fermenter as a random effect. Diet x sampling time interactions (P > 0.05) were detected for bacteria! and protozoal DNA concentrations in both digesta phases. The bacteria! DNA concentrations in SOL did not change (P = 0.002) over the incubation period, whereas concentrations in LIQ increased (P < 0.001) by 1.5 and 1.8 times for DAI and FAT diets by the end ofthe incubation, respectively. Protozoal DNA concentrations on d 14 were 37.8 and 8.0 times lower (P < 0.001; means across diets) than those on d 3 for SOL and LIQ phases, respectively. Relative abundance offungi decreased (P < 0.05) with time in both phases, and that ofmethanogenic archaea remain unchanged in LIQ and increased (P = 0.021) in SOL. Concentration of bacteria! and protozoal DNA and the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea were greater in the fermenters fed the DAI diet (P < 0.05) compared with FAT diet. The results show that microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters are affected by the incubated diet and change over the incubation periodPeer reviewe

Decay of sperm obtained from epididymes of wild ruminants depending on postmortem time

P. 24-40We have carried out a study on the effect of postmortem time (PT) in some characteristics of epididymal sperm salvaged from hunted Iberian red deer and roe deer. Testis were collected, identified, refrigerated down to 5 °C, and sent to our laboratory by the wardens of the hunting reserves. This way, samples were delivered at different times postmortem. Sperm were extracted from the cauda epididymis by means of cuts. Analyzed parameters were: osmolality, pH, motility—both subjectively and with CASA, HOS test reactivity, acrosomal status and viability (assessed with propidium iodide). Osmolality and pH rose with prolonged postmortem time, possibly due to tissue decomposition. Most sperm quality parameters negatively correlated with PT. Besides, when comparing PT classes (groups of 24 h for red deer and 30 h for roe deer), we could appreciate that motility was more affected by PT than other quality variables. Progressive motility was especially impaired. We also classified the samples in high, medium and low quality for each PT group (considering progressive motility, intact acrosomes and reactivity to the HOS test), and it was clear that after 2 days the number of high quality samples was testimonial, and after several days, we almost found only low quality samples. In conclusion, epididymal sperm from Iberian red deer and roe deer undergo a decrease of quality with PT, but it could stay acceptable within many hours postmortem. There are implications for wildlife conservation programs, as epididymal sperm is a good source of germplasm. If valuable animals die and it is not possible to process their sperm immediately, it may still be possible to obtain viable spermatozoa many hours later.S

La Interfaz Radio en la Quinta Generación-5G de Telefonía Móvil

At present, there is a high demand for the implementation of the new 5G mobile telephony standard, standardization and performance of technological tests. 5G is going to count on a revolutionary advance in terms of data speeds, latency, massive connectivity, network reliability and energy efficiency. These capabilities are aimed at achieving high-speed connectivity, virtualized virtual reality, internet, etc. The 5G radio interface will use carriers in the millimetric band (mm) with higher bandwidths, using multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems, network densification and new waveforms that provide scalability and flexibility to meet the diverse demands of 5G services. In this research, a study was developed on the potentialities of the new mobile standard is developed, as well as the new technological challenges involved in the implementation. The focus is mainly on the user and the main technologies are identified, assessing their strengths and weaknesses, and outlining the main future challenges.En la actualidad existe una alta demanda para la implementación del nuevo estándar de telefonía móvil 5G, estandarización y realización de pruebas tecnológicas. 5Gva a contar con un avance revolucionario en términos de velocidades de datos, latencia, conectividad masiva, confiabilidad de la red y eficiencia energética. Estas capacidades están dirigidas a lograr una conectividad de alta velocidad, virtualización realidad aumentada, Internet, etc. La interfaz radio 5G empleará portadoras en la banda milimétricas (mm) con mayores anchos de banda, empleando sistemas de múltiples entradas y múltiples salidas (MIMO), densificación de red y nuevas formas de onda que proporcionan escalabilidad y flexibilidad para cumplir con las diversas demandas de los servicios 5G. En esta investigación, se desarrolló un estudio sobre las potencialidades del nuevo estándar móvil, así como los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos que supone la implementación de un sistema de última generación. El enfoque se centra principalmente en el usuario y se identifican las principales tecnologías, evaluando sus fortalezas y debilidades, y esbozando los principales desafíos futuros

LA ACTIVIDAD METODOLÓGICA: UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA LA PREPARACIÓN DEL DOCENTE EN PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD

El presente trabajo muestra la realización de actividades metodológicas dirigidas a la preparación del docente de la escuela para el desarrollo de la Promoción de la  Salud, de la Escuela Formadora de Maestros “Vladislav Volkov” del municipio de Cabaiguán. Para el desarrollo de estas se utilizaron  diferentes métodos del nivel teórico, empírico, matemático y/o estadísticos. Una vez desarrolladas  las actividades metodológicas se logró constatar su efectividad al dotar de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes y modos de actuar   a los docentes para emprender la labor de Promoción de  la Salud desde la escuela, posibilitando así el fomento de estilos de vida saludables que por ende eleven la calidad de vida

Evidence for Exotic Hadron Contributions to Λb0 →j /ψpπ- Decays

A full amplitude analysis of Λ0b→J/ψpπ− decays is performed with a data sample acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3  fb−1. A significantly better description of the data is achieved when, in addition to the previously observed nucleon excitations N→pπ−, either the Pc(4380)+ and Pc(4450)+→J/ψp states, previously observed in Λ0b→J/ψpK− decays, or the Zc(4200)−→J/ψπ− state, previously reported in B0→J/ψK+π− decays, or all three, are included in the amplitude models. The data support a model containing all three exotic states, with a significance of more than three standard deviations. Within uncertainties, the data are consistent with the Pc(4380)+ and Pc(4450)+ production rates expected from their previous observation taking account of Cabibbo suppression

Observation of Λb0→ ψ(2S)pK−and Λb0→ J/ψπ+π−pK−decays and a measurement of the Λb0baryon mass

The decays Λ b 0  → ψ(2S)pK− and Λ b 0  → J/ψπ + π −pK− are observed in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1, collected in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV centre-of-mass energies by the LHCb detector. The ψ(2S) mesons are reconstructed through the decay modes ψ(2S) → μ+μ− and ψ(2S) → J/ψπ + π −. The branching fractions relative to that of Λ b 0  → J/ψpK− are measured to be B(Λ0b→ψ(2S)pK−)B(Λ0b→J/ψpK−)=(20.70±0.76±0.46±0.37)×10−2, B(Λb0→ψ(2S)pK−)B(Λb0→J/ψpK−)=(20.70±0.76±0.46±0.37)×10−2, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic and the third is related to the knowledge of J/ψ and ψ(2S) branching fractions. The mass of the Λ b 0 baryon is measured to be M(Λ0b)=5619.65±0.17±0.17 MeV/c2, M(Λb0)=5619.65±0.17±0.17 MeV/c2, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic

Measurement of the mass and lifetime of the Ωb- baryon

A proton-proton collision data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 collected by LHCb at s√=7 and 8 TeV, is used to reconstruct 63±9 Ω−b→Ω0cπ−, Ω0c→pK−K−π+ decays. Using the Ξ−b→Ξ0cπ−, Ξ0c→pK−K−π+ decay mode for calibration, the lifetime ratio and absolute lifetime of the Ω−b baryon are measured to be τΩ−bτΞ−bτΩ−b=1.11±0.16±0.03,=1.78±0.26±0.05±0.06 ps, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and from the calibration mode (for τΩ−b only). A measurement is also made of the mass difference, mΩ−b−mΞ−b, and the corresponding Ω−b mass, which yields mΩ−b−mΞ−bmΩ−b=247.4±3.2±0.5 MeV/c2,=6045.1±3.2±0.5±0.6 MeV/c2. These results are consistent with previous measurements

Measurement of the branching fraction ratio B (Bc+→ψ (2 S )π+)/B (Bc+→J /ψ π+)

Using pp collision data collected by LHCb at center-of-mass energies √ s = 7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 , the ratio of the branching fraction of the B+ c → ψ(2S)π + decay relative to that of the B+ c → J/ψ π+ decay is measured to be 0.268 ± 0.032 (stat) ± 0.007 (syst) ± 0.006 (BF). The first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainties on the branching fractions of the J/ψ → µ +µ − and ψ(2S) → µ +µ − decays. This measurement is con

Search for Structure in the Bs0 π± Invariant Mass Spectrum

The B 0 s π ± invariant mass distribution is investigated in order to search for possible exotic meson states. The analysis is based on a data sample recorded with the LHCb detector corresponding to 3     fb − 1 of p p collision data at √ s = 7 and 8 TeV. No significant excess is found, and upper limits are set on the production rate of the claimed X ( 5568 ) state within the LHCb acceptance. Upper limits are also set as a function of the mass and width of a possible exotic meson decaying to the B 0 s π ± final state. The same limits also apply to a possible exotic meson decaying through the chain B * 0 s π ± , B * 0 s → B 0 s γ where the photon is excluded from the reconstructed decays