Guarantism and neo-constitutionalism

Habiéndose generalizado desde hace algunos años, en la filosofía política y en la reflexión iusfilosófica, el término ‘garantismo’, el objetivo del autor es contribuir a individualizar sus usos lingüísticos consolidados tanto en su acepción penal, la más acreditada, como en su significado más general de garantismo de los derechos, a partir del examen de los escritos de Luigi Ferrajoli y de Norberto Bobbio, estudiosos a quienes se les atribuye la paternidad, respectivamente, de una y otra acepción. Un objetivo más ambicioso, además, es identificar –con la intención de presentar el garantismo como una idea general del Derecho y de la política– los nexos entre ambas nociones del garantismo y lo que se ha dado en llamar neoconstitucionalismo, o sea el movimiento teórico –pero también su consolidación en la praxis constitucional concreta– que a partir de la Segunda posguerra ha modificado radicalmente las estructuras del Estado mediante el constitucionalismo rígido y el control de constitucionalidad. La intención del autor, claramente normativa, es aportar razones en favor de la idea de que la conexión teórica entre garantismo y neoconstitucionalismo resulta de fundamental importancia tanto para una mejor garantía de los derechos de las personas como para la afirmación del Estado constitucional de Derecho.Having generalized for some years, both in Legal theory and in Political philosophy, the term ‘guarantism’, the aim of the author is to contribute to individualize its linguistic uses consolidated so much in its penal meaning, the most reputable one, as in its meaning more general of guarantism of the Rights, from the exam of the writings of Luigi Ferrajoli and of Norberto Bobbio, scholars to whom are attributed them the paternity, respectively, of an and another guarantism meaning. A more ambitious objective, besides, is to identify –with the intention to present the garantismo as a general idea of Law and of the Politics– the links between both notions of the garantismo and what has been given in calling neoconstitutionalism, i. e. the theoretical movement – but also its consolidation in the constitutional specific praxis– that from the Second postwar period has modified radically the structures of the State through rigid constitutionalism and control of constitutionality. The author’s purpose, clearly normative, is to provide reasons in favour of the idea that the theoretical connection between guarantism and neoconstitutionalism has fundamental importance for a better guarantee of the rights as for the consolidation of the constitutional Rule of La

Malnutrición infantil : vulneración de derechos e hipoteca social

Fil: Díaz, Adrián. Fundación Acción Contra el Hambre; Argentina.¿Cuál es el rostro de la malnutrición infantil en una Argentina donde los números de la pobreza y la\nindigencia superan la mitad de la población? Las imágenes de la crisis alimentaria van más allá de\nniños con vientres hinchados; existen indicadores tan silenciosos como alarmantes que marcan el\ndeterioro de la salud de la población infantil, con incidencia directa en el futuro desarrollo del país. La\nintervención del Estado deberá superar los programas sociosanitarios de coyuntura y asegurar un\nmodelo socioeconómico más justo

The sick throne: Royal power and affection in the Kingdom of León in the tenth century, a political theological portrait

Este estudio trata de encontrar el significado político, alegórico y teológico a las enfermedades que condicionaron los reinados en León de Fruela II, Sancho I y Vermudo II. Para comprender este análisis sobre los monarcas enfermos del siglo X noroccidental peninsular presentaremos primeramente la mentalidad general del cristianismo altomedieval sobre la enfermedad, el papel de la monarquía asturleonesa hasta ese siglo y sus particularidades. Así, daremos contenido a los males físicos, relacionados con el potente ejemplo de la corrupción del alma o del gobierno, de un trono en el que puede que la enfermedad no fuese el mayor mal interno de un reino amenazado desde el exterior y también desde su propio corazónThis work seeks to find the political, allegorical, and theological meaning of the diseases that greatly influenced the reigns of Fruela II, Sancho I, and Vermudo II in León. Prior to the discussion on the sick kings in tenth-century North-Western Iberian Peninsula, this paper addresses the generalmentality of early medieval Christianity regarding disease, as well as the role and particularities of the Astur-Leonese Monarchy until that century. We will subsequently focus on the physical ailments of the throne, as related to the powerful example of the corruption of the soul or the government. Sickness was probably not the worst evil within a kingdom threatened both from the outside and from its own hear

Chronic inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum calcium-release channels and calcium-ATPase lengthens the period of hepatic clock gene Per1

Abstract Background The role played by calcium as a regulator of circadian rhythms is not well understood. The effect of the pharmacological inhibition of the ryanodine receptor (RyR), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), as well as the intracellular Ca2+-chelator BAPTA-AM was explored on the 24-h rhythmicity of the liver-clock protein PER1 in an experimental model of circadian synchronization by light and restricted-feeding schedules. Methods Liver explants from Period1-luciferase (Per1-luc) transgenic rats with either free food access or with a restricted meal schedule were treated for several days with drugs to inhibit the activity of IP3Rs (2-APB), RyRs (ryanodine), or SERCA (thapsigargin) as well as to suppress intracellular calcium fluctuations (BAPTA-AM). The period of Per1-luc expression was measured during and after drug administration. Results Liver explants from rats fed ad libitum showed a lengthened period in response to all the drugs tested. The pharmacological treatments of the explants from meal-entrained rats induced the same pattern, with the exception of the ryanodine treatment which, unexpectedly, did not modify the Per1-luc period. All effects associated with drug application were reversed after washout, indicating that none of the pharmacological treatments was toxic to the liver cultures. Conclusions Our data suggest that Ca2+ mobilized from internal deposits modulates the molecular circadian clock in the liver of rats entrained by light and by restricted meal access.</p

Distributed matrix multiplication with straggler tolerance using algebraic function fields

The problem of straggler mitigation in distributed matrix multiplication (DMM) is considered for a large number of worker nodes and a fixed small finite field. Polynomial codes and matdot codes are generalized by making use of algebraic function fields (i.e., algebraic functions over an algebraic curve) over a finite field. The construction of optimal solutions is translated to a combinatorial problem on the Weierstrass semigroups of the corresponding algebraic curves. Optimal or almost optimal solutions are provided. These have the same computational complexity per worker as classical polynomial and matdot codes, and their recovery thresholds are almost optimal in the asymptotic regime (growing number of workers and a fixed finite field)

Modeling photopolymerization processes for enhanced part quality

When laser paths cross or when new layers are cured on top of existing layers, residual stresses are generated as the cure shrinkage of fresly gelled resin is constrained forming deflection or curl of the layers. The finite element method has been used to model the structural deformatins arising from the stereolithography build process. This includes the first layer polymerized during printing of an overhanged layer as subsequent rows of tetra-elements. The model does not include any resin beyond the external boundaries of the solid part. A standard linear static solution is carried out in order to get the properties of the fresh-resin

Cloud-Based Collaborative 3D Modeling to Train Engineers for the Industry 4.0

In the present study, Autodesk Fusion 360 software (which includes the A360 environment) is used to train engineering students for the demands of the industry 4.0. Fusion 360 is a tool that unifies product lifecycle management (PLM) applications and 3D-modeling software (PDLM—product design and life management). The main objective of the research is to deepen the students’ perception of the use of a PDLM application and its dependence on three categorical variables: PLM previous knowledge, individual practices and collaborative engineering perception. Therefore, a collaborative graphic simulation of an engineering project is proposed in the engineering graphics subject at the University of La Laguna with 65 engineering undergraduate students. A scale to measure the perception of the use of PDLM is designed, applied and validated. Subsequently, descriptive analyses, contingency graphical analyses and non-parametric analysis of variance are performed. The results indicate a high overall reception of this type of experience and that it helps them understand how professionals work in collaborative environments. It is concluded that it is possible to respond to the demand of the industry needs in future engineers through training programs of collaborative 3D modeling environments

Apple Pectic Gel Produced by Dehydration

A novel, flexible sheet-like food formed by the high methoxyl pectin–sugar–acid gelation during drying of apple puree was investigated to characterize drying-related properties. Product volume was reduced by 68% over the process, and this shrinkage was successfully modeled by assuming the volume reduction equal to the volume of water evaporated. The sorption isotherm at 25 °C was determined, and a new expression for the moisture content, W, as a function of water activity, aw, of the type W=C₁ exp (C₂ aC3w)resulted as the most accurate for this J-shaped isotherm. The drying kinetics was studied at 50, 60, and 80 °C in a tray dryer. No constant drying rate period was found, and the drying curve was divided in high- and low-moisture zones. For high moistures, an internal–external mixed control diffusive model coupling mass and heat transfer was applied to obtain a mass transfer Biot number of 2.1. In the low-moisture zone, a diffusive, isothermal drying model for strict internal control was utilized. Diffusivities varied around 1 × 10–9 m²/s for high moistures and were about ten times lower at low moistures, although the activation energies were comparable (15,259 and 16,800 J/mol, respectively). The drying time at 60 °C was 6.67 h. The product scored four points out of five in a sensory evaluation of general acceptability.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Observing liquid crystals through a liquid crystal

During the 23rd Andalusian Science Week at the University of Granada, we conducted an outreach activity titled Observing liquid crystals through a liquid crystal, aligning closely with our research project Unveiling the boundaries of biaxial nematics for energy-efficient displays UNBOUND. This initiative, targeting high school students, aimed to disseminate knowledge about liquid crystals and their practical applications, providing a realistic glimpse into scientific research. The activity consisted of an educational presentation and interactive experiments, with the latter proving particularly effective in engaging the students. This highlights the significance of interactive and engaging methods in effectively communicating scientific concepts to an audience of no-experts. Overall, the activity received positive feedback, and we plan to continue refining and implementing this format in upcoming public outreach events.University of Granada Research Plan [PPJIA2022-46]Junta de Andalucía - Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación [P21_00015]MCIN/AEI and NextGenerationEU/PRTR through a María Zambrano Senior and a María Zambrano Junior fellowshi