Psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8)

Background: Children and adolescents are considered a population at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic event. The Children's Revised Impact Scale (CRIES-8) is a self-report scale with 8 items that investigates avoidance and intrusion behaviors related to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Objective: The study consisted of translation and transcultural adaptation of CRIES-8 to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Methods: A sample of 235 Brazilian children and adolescents exposed to natural hazards (drought or flood) and non-exposed children participated in the study. The methodological procedure for translation and cultural adaptation were in accordance with the principles described by ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. We also evaluated test reliability and validity based on test content, the relations to other variables, and internal structure. Results: The procedures lead to a final Portuguese version proofread and cultural-adapted. Empirical evidence supports CRIES-8's division in two latent constructs (Intrusion and Avoidance), as well convergence correlations with other measures of child mental health and high reliability. Discussion: A Brazilian-Portuguese version of CRIES-8 is an important tool for a better screening of PTSD among youth who face traumatic events, being a potential informative instrument to identify children at risk

Prevalência do defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula em exames de tomografi a computadorizada por feixe cônico

The developmental bone defect of the mandible is a bone cavity presenting as a well-defi ned, radiolucent lesion, located in the posterior region of the mandible, just below the inferior dental canal and above the mandibular base. It is asymptomatic, has a greater predilection for males, and a prevalence between 0.1% and 0.48%. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the prevalence of this bone defect and compare the literature data to that of an assessment conducted of routine cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans from a radiological clinic. The use of diagnostic resources such as cone-beam volumetric tomography was also highlighted. CBCT routine scans taken from July 1st, 2012 to September 27, 2012 were retrieved from the digital archives of a private dental radiology clinic and evaluated, for a total of 1,344 CBCT images. Stafne’s cavity was observed In 22 cases (0.16%). Among the 19 male cases, 15 were Type I, 3 were Type II and 1 was Type III, according to Ariji’s classifi cation.5 All of the 3 female cases (the male-to-female ratio was 6.33:1) were Ariji Type I. The fi ndings of this study were consistent with those from the literature consulted, in that the highest prevalence rates were observed for unilateral, Ariji Type I lesions and in the male gender.O defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula (DODM) é uma cavidade óssea que se apresenta como uma lesão radio lúcida de limites definidos e corticalizados. É assintomático, apresenta uma maior predileção pelo gênero masculino, e tem uma prevalência de 0.1% a 0.48%. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da prevalência desse defeito ósseo e comparar os dados da literatura com os obtidos por meio de uma avaliação de 1344 exames de rotina realizados por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) recuperados dos arquivos de uma clínica privada de radiologia odontológica. As imagens foram analisadas no período de 1o de julho de 2012 a 27 de setembro de 2012. Foram observados 22 casos de DODM (0,16%), sendo que 19 casos eram do gênero masculino, totalizando 15 casos do Tipo I, 3 casos do Tipo II e 1 caso do Tipo III de Ariji.5 Foram também encontrados 3 casos do gênero feminino, todos classificados como Tipo I de Ariji, equivalendo a uma proporção entre os gêneros masculino e feminino de 6,33:1. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo foram compatíveis com os relatados na literatura consultada. Constatou-se uma maior prevalência de lesões unilaterais, Tipo I de Ariji e envolvendo o gênero masculino

Parent training for disruptive behavior symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide. Comorbidities are frequent, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) reaches 50%. Family environment is crucial for the severity of behaviors and for prognosis. In middle-income countries, access to treatment is challenging, with more untreated children than those under treatment. Face-to-face behavioral parent training (PT) is a well-established intervention to improve child behavior and parenting.MethodA clinical trial was designed to compare PT-online and face-to-face effects to a waiting list group. Outcomes were the ADHD and ODD symptoms, parental stress and styles, and quality of life. Families were allocated into three groups: standard treatment (ST), ST + PT online, and ST + Face-to-Face PT. We used repeated measures ANOVA for pre × post treatment analysis corrected for multiple comparisons.Results and discussionParent training was effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD (p = 0.030) and ODD (p = 0.026) irrespective of modality (p = 1.000). The combination of ST and PT was also associated with better quality of life in the physical domain for patients (p = 0.009) and their parents (p = 0.050). In addition to preliminary data, online intervention seems effective for parenting and improving social acceptance of children. The potential to reach many by an online strategy with a self-directed platform may imply effectiveness with a low cost for public health to support parents’ symptoms management

Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Neurofibromatosis Type 2

PURPOSE. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant disease, characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas, multiple central nervous system (CNS) tumors, skin tumors, and juvenile cataract. The present study assessed retinal abnormalities using spectraldomain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a case series of NF2 patients. METHODS. Nine NF2 patients from the neurofibromatosis outpatient reference center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Brazil, were submitted to a complete anamnesis and a detailed ophthalmic evaluation, including SD-OCT, to detect retinal lesions. RESULTS. Of the nine NF2 patients evaluated, five had an early onset (<20 years) of NF2, and four patients had a late onset (>20 years) of symptoms. SD-OCT scans revealed retinal abnormalities in every patient with early onset (EOS) and in two patients with late onset (LOS) of the disease. In the EOS group, SD-OCT scans revealed flame-shaped epiretinal membranes (ERM) with peculiar characteristics in four eyes of three patients. Two patients had fine undulations of the inner retinal surface with a subtle ERM. Retinal hamartomas were present in four eyes of three patients with EOS; in two eyes, they were subclinical and were detected only by SD-OCT scans. In two patients with LOS and one patient with EOS, SD-OCT scans revealed retinal tufts of a nerve fiber layer. CONCLUSIONS. SD-OCT revealed ERM in most patients with NF2, therefore it may be a valuable exam for evaluating NF2 patients. Epiretinal membranes in NF2 has unique features, distinguishing it from idiopathic ERM or membranes associated with other diseases. We suggest that flame-shaped ERM seems to be specific for NF2 and that ERM can be considered as an important diagnostic sign of NF2

Common Venues in Romantic Relationships of Adults With Symptoms of Autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) figures among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite having opposite stereotypes, both ADHD and ASD compromise, though in different ways, skills such as social interactions, communication skills, and social thinking, which may underlie difficulties in romantic relationships.Methods: We evaluated 306 adults about their romantic relationships and the intensity of their love. Participants were from one of four groups:, individuals with ASD-only traits, a group with symptoms of ADHD-only, participants with neither ADHD nor ASD symptoms (control) or from a fourth group of individuals with both ADHD and ASD traits.Results: The ASD traits group had fewer married people and more people who have never been married, while the rate of divorce was higher in the ADHD traits group. Regarding the intensity of love, the mean scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+ASD traits groups were higher in the Passionate Love Scale than the mean score of the control group. Passionate love in the ASD group was no different from the other groups. Small positive correlations were found between passionate love and ADHD and ASD behavioral problems.Conclusion: Marital status was distinct depending on symptoms of a neurodevelopmental disorder in adulthood. Also, ADHD and ASD symptoms were associated with greater passionate love. Therefore, ADHD and ASD behavioral dimensions may impact long-term and short-term experiences of a person's relationship with a significant other in distinct ways. Understanding how people with neurodevelopmental disorders experience love might help us to better clarify the mechanisms associated with their relationship patterns

PROCESSAMENTO SENSORIAL NO PERÍODO DA INFÂNCIA EM CRIANÇAS NASCIDAS PRÉ-TERMO: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

RESUMO Objetivo: Buscar sistematicamente evidências fundamentadas e de qualidade sobre o processamento sensorial em crianças nascidas pré-termo no período da infância. Fontes de dados: A busca da literatura disponível sobre o tema foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (Medline)/PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs)/Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Índice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS)/BVS, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos estudos indexados, originais, quantitativos e disponíveis na íntegra em meio digital, publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol, entre 2005 e 2015, envolvendo crianças entre zero e 9 anos de idade. Síntese dos dados: A busca identificou 581 artigos, e oito foram incluídos conforme critérios de elegibilidade. Destes, seis estudos (75%) encontraram alta frequência de processamento sensorial alterado em crianças pré-termo. A associação entre processamento sensorial e desfechos de desenvolvimento foi observada em três estudos (37,5%). Verificou-se associação entre processamento sensorial e características neonatais em cinco estudos (62,5%). Os resultados de processamento sensorial frequentemente se associam a idade gestacional, sexo masculino e lesões da substância branca. Conclusões: Análise da literatura atual sugere que prematuridade tem impacto negativo no processamento sensorial. Idade gestacional, sexo masculino e lesões de substância branca aparecem como fatores de risco para alterações de processamento sensorial em crianças nascidas pré-termo. O prejuízo na capacidade de receber informações sensoriais, de integrar e de adaptar-se a elas parece interferir negativamente no desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e de linguagem dessas crianças. Destaca-se a viabilidade da identificação das alterações de processamento sensorial nos primeiros anos de vida, favorecendo o encaminhamento precoce para intervenções clínicas

How the COVID-19 pandemic has affected children and adolescents’ sleep habits: a systematic review

Introduction: Sleep is a multimodal construct related to the quality of life of children and adolescents. Therefore, sleep problems might affect attention, internalizing and externalizing behaviors. During the pandemic, children were pointed as a risk group for sleep problems compared to other age groups. Objective: We aimed to conduct a systematic search in the literature, in order to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep habits in children and adolescents, addressing changes on sleep duration, bedtime and wake-up time, risk and protective factors, and the particularities of children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. After the full reading evaluation a total of 133 articles, comprising 234,852 participants from 45 countries, met inclusion criteria. Results: An increase in week sleep hours and delay in sleep and wake-up time were observed as well as a worse quality of sleep. Among the emerging risk factors were evaluated confinement, age, gender, previous diagnosis, screen use, and physical activities. For children with neurodevelopmental disorders, heterogeneity in methodology and sampling constraints do not allow generalizations. Conclusion: The most important problem in children and adolescents about sleep during the pandemic was not the number of hours, but the increase in disorders related to sleep and to changes in sleep rhythm. The understanding of sleep changes might shed light on long-term effects and consequences related to the pandemic and the relationship with stress and disorders, which deserves attention to rethink the youths' routines

Uma análise do desenvolvimento motor de crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH)

The Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) is due to changes in brain areas involving a change in inhibitory control, working memory, reaction time, and other functions. Global and fine motor skills are impaired in children with ADHD and a disorder or breakdown in motor development (DM) can interfere in different phases of the overall development the child. The aim of the study was to analyze the DM of children with ADHD from the evaluation of fundamental motor skills. The sample consisted of eight male children with a mean age of 10.25 years, participants in a motor intervention project. The test motor skills was conducted through the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). The results achieved were in line with expectations and showed values lower than expected for both the subtest of locomotor activity as well as for manipulative activities. Children with ADHD have a stronger motor deficits in object control skills. From the standard analysis of movement is possible to identify the factors that make limited movement, enabling decision making about what skills and / or motors criteria should be emphasized in the programs; the practice time for each skill, and the child’s performance goals. The results highlight the need for regular and systematic physical activity programs. And allow us to conclude that children diagnosed with ADHD have a delay in motor performance when compared to children who are in agreement with what is expected for the age group.O Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) é decorrente de alterações em áreas do cérebro que implicam em alterações no controle inibitório, na memória de trabalho, no tempo de reação, além de outras funções. As habilidades motoras globais e finas estão comprometidas nas crianças com TDAH e uma desordem ou desarranjo no desenvolvimento motor (DM) pode interferir em diversas fases do desenvolvimento global da criança. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o DM de crianças com TDAH a partir da avaliação das habilidades motoras fundamentais. A amostra foi composta por oito crianças do sexo masculino com idade média de 10,25 anos. O teste de habilidades motoras foi realizado através do Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). Os resultados alcançados ficaram dentro do esperado e evidenciaram valores abaixo do esperado tanto para o subteste de atividades locomotoras como também para atividades manipulativas. As crianças com TDAH apresentaram um déficit motor acentuado nas habilidades de controle de objetos. A partir da análise do padrão de movimentos é possível identificar os fatores que tornam o movimento limitado, possibilitando a tomada de decisão sobre que habilidades e/ou critérios motores devem ser enfatizados nos programas; o tempo de prática para cada habilidade, e as metas de desempenho da criança. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de programas de atividades físicas regulares e sistematizados e permitem concluir que crianças diagnosticadas com TDAH apresentam um atraso no desempenho motor quando comparadas com crianças que estão de acordo com o que é esperado para a faixa etária