2,041 research outputs found
Education, Population, and Culture
In learning about education, education systems and student mobility in Brazil; I am constantly finding connections between the people, the language and the culture. What does it mean to be a mobile student in Brazil? How does culture and language shape the experiences of students who establish mobility in Brazil? With an official language that is not English, in what ways is the Brazilian education system facilitating the integration of international students as they establish a new home in Brazil? These are some of the questions I explore in my research. Between all my findings and those to come, one of the beautiful things about this particular research project is how it connects every aspect of the essence Brazil.Ope
The retention of highly skilled returnees in Mozambique : an institutional approach
This research combines Institutional Rational Choice (IRC), the Institutional Analysis and
Development (IAD) framework, Return Migration theories and International Development theories
to understand how Mozambican highly skilled returnees (HSRs) interact with the institutional
setting in the home country while pursuing their personal aspirations. Institutional setting in this
context is defined as a multidimensional space of factors â institutions plus other contextual
variables co-evolving as they interact with each other â in which HSRs try to mobilize resources over
time towards their personal goals. Factors impose elements of order in the context where they
operate and they affect the distribution of preferences, incentives, and outcomes. A better
understanding of the constraints imposed by these factors/elements on HSRsâ behavior and
personal satisfaction could allow governments in extremely poor countries to prioritize
interventions for institutional development given the very scarce resources available. These could
have the interacting effect of increasing the capacity of HSRs to contribute to the development of
Mozambique and provide positive signals to encourage the return of more. Hypotheses around
three specific types of factors/domains â professional opportunities, information and
communication technologies (ICTs), and governmental programs â are tested. The methodology
applied includes (i) a cross-sectional purposive sample ofMozambicanswhorecently returned to the
homecountry after obtaining post-secondary education abroad; (ii) an online survey complemented
with field interviews; (iii) bivariate analysis; and (iv) multivariate model-building. The results
demonstrate, first, that all three factors tested are associated with retention. This finding supports
the IADâs argument that new policies and institutions can be devised to shape those other
contextual variables. Second, this research demonstrates that the degree of this association differs
across factors. Third, this research shows that the degree of association also differs from urban to
rural settings. Moreover, the first and foremost role played by professional-related elements in the
capacity of a country to retain some of its most well-educated citizens supports previous literature.
Further, this research supports the argument that institutional development precedes economic
development. Also, this research does not find empirical support for the hypothesis that
Mozambique has been facing increasing levels of the brain drain. In addition, the âSatisfaction With
Life Scaleâ (SWLS) proxy for retention is among all proxies tested the one mostly associated with
the institutional setting in the home country. More specifically, the possibility of achieving personal
goals is the most important component of oneâs overall life satisfaction. Finally, there is a temporal
âripple-effectâ on the association (i.e., progressively weaker) of the current institutional setting
both with past and with the possibility of future behavior. The implications resulting from these
findings are discussed and classified into three categories: (i) theoretical; (ii) practical for policy; and
(iii) for future research.
Key Words: Highly Skilled migration, brain drain inversion, patterns of reintegration, institutional
development,Mozambiqu
From Jokun to Onnagata: Performance, Aesthetics, and the Cultivation of Femininity during the Edo Period.
M.A. Thesis. University of HawaiÊ»i at MÄnoa 2017
Double exposure on the northern coast of the SĂŁo Paulo State, Brazil
This paper examines how double exposure to both socio-economic and
environmental stressors and the interaction between the two affect the
population of the Northern coast of the SĂŁo Paulo State, Brazil based on the
conceptual and analytical framework developed by R. Leichenko and K.L.
OâBrien. It provides a useful way to examine the multiple and overlapping
processes of global change and, in particular, the places and the ways in
which the economic and the non-economic interact. Interactions between
economic and environmental change shape local landscapes of vulnerability and
a major challenge for understanding vulnerability involves identifying how
economic and environmental processes interact in particular places and how
these interactions shape the effects of some global change processes and drive
others. Pathways to increased vulnerability are multidimensional, so that
socio-economic conditions may mediate the impacts of environmental change, but
changing environmental conditions may also alter socio-economic capacities to
maintain particular livelihood strategies. By analysing case studies of four
municipalities that compound the region we found that peopleâs resilience, in
general, are largely determined by the socio-economic context and the social
vulnerability. Our finding indicate that socio-economic change brought about
in the last three decades due to intense urbanization, tourism exploitation
and increasingly economic activities have altered peopleâs livelihood and
deepened social problems. We argue that the cross-scale nature of the problem
and the cross-level interactions of these processes pose significant
challenges for governance structures and institutions in place in the region
that fail to address the roots of vulnerability and consequences of a changing
environment.draft versio
Fair trade practices in the Northwest Brazilian Amazon
This paper describes and analyzes the Arte Baniwa project, a sustainable development project based on the production and commercialization of Baniwa indigenous basketwork with the support of the Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), a major NGO in Brazil. The project seeks to enhance the value of the Baniwa basket-making tradition, increase production within the limits of the sustainable use of natural resources, generate income for indigenous producers and their political associations, and train indigenous leadership in the skills of business management. The methodology encompasses a literature review on fair trade and builds upon ethnographic and participative research methods. The narrative and analysis of the case study comprise a framework that is two-fold: first, it looks at existing inter-organizational tiers between actors and identifies the presence of two different logics within the project; second, it encompasses the reality of many emerging fair trade initiatives in Brazil which harness market forces to pursue local sustainable development. The paper argues that ISA has acted as a boundary organization by communicating, translating and mediating between traditional (indigenous) knowledge and Western culture. By doing so, it was able to mobilize the project's capacity to promote sustainable development.412432Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superior (CAPES
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