Ações de uso eficiente e racional de energia elétrica baseadas no PEE da ANEEL através de modelagem energética : um estudo de caso

O crescimento da demanda por eletricidade irá exceder os níveis pré-crise da Covid-19 ainda em 2021. Decorrente desse cenário, eficiência energética está cada vez mais em destaque, pois esse é o único recurso energético que todos os países possuem em abundância. O Programa de Eficiência Energética (PEE) da ANEEL tem como objetivo promover o uso eficiente da energia elétrica por meio de projetos que demonstrem a importância e a viabilidade econômica de melhoria da eficiência energética de equipamentos, processos e usos finais de energia. Esse programa conta com editais para distribuição de recursos a serem destinados a ações de eficiência energética em instalações de consumidores. Porém os parâmetros do PEE limitam intervenções na envoltória da edificação que, indiretamente, possibilitariam aumento da eficiência dos sistemas, sem que seja necessária a substituição ou modernização dos equipamentos utilizados. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar ações de uso eficiente e racional de energia elétrica baseadas nos parâmetros do PEE no prédio da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Ângelo Gabriel Boff Guasselli, porém com uma análise não somente voltada aos equipamentos de uso final de energia elétrica, mas também baseadas em simulação energética, para uma análise voltada à envoltória. Inicialmente, realizou-se um diagnóstico energético e a proposição de ações para a eficiência energética do sistema de iluminação. Posteriormente, implementou-se a simulação energética da edificação e analisou-se como envoltória poderia ser eficientizada. Com base nisso, foram propostas ações relacionadas à cobertura da edificação com o objetivo de reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica do sistema de condicionamento ambiental. Como resultados, obteve-se a Relação Custo-Benefício (RCB) das propostas sugeridas. A proposta inicial para o sistema de iluminação apresentou RCB atrativo. Entretanto, as RCB relacionadas a envoltória não apresentaram resultados adequado para o PEE. Ainda assim, o uso da modelagem energética e posterior melhoria na envoltória pode ser importante para uma avaliação mais aprofundada sobre o tema.Electricity demand growth will exceed Covid-19 pre-crisis levels as early as 2021. Given this scenario, energy efficiency is increasingly in focus, since this is the only energy resource that all countries have in abundance. ANEEL's Energy Efficiency Program (PEE) aims to promote the efficient use of electricity through projects that demonstrate the importance and economic viability of improving the energy efficiency of equipment, processes and end uses of energy. This program has calls for tender for the distribution of resources to be allocated to energy efficiency actions at consumer installations. However, the PEE parameters limit interventions in the building envelope that would indirectly increase the efficiency of the systems, without requiring the replacement or modernization of the equipment used. The objective of this work is to analyze actions for the efficient and rational use of electricity based on the PEE parameters of the Angelo Gabriel Boff Guasselli Municipal Elementary School building, but with an analysis not only focused on the equipment for the final use of electricity, but also based on energy simulation for an analysis of the building envelope. Initially, an energy diagnosis was made and actions were proposed for the energy efficiency of the lighting system. Subsequently, the energy simulation of the building was implemented and an analysis of how the envelope could be made more efficient was performed. Based on this, actions related to the building's envelope were proposed with the objective of reducing the energy consumption of the environmental conditioning system. As a result, the Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) of the suggested proposals was obtained. The initial proposal for the lighting system presented an attractive CBR. However, the CBR related to the envelope did not present satisfactory results for the PEE. Even so, energy modeling and post building envelope improve can be important for a more in-depth analysis of the theme

A Network Approach to Link Visibility and Urban Activity Location

Performance of a range of urban amenities is influenced by their accessibility to pedestrians. Success in attracting pedestrians to a particular location depends on how they project visuospatial information. In this paper, we propose an original method for analysing the visuospatial integration of particular locations within a street network. As a case study we analyse the distribution of one type of urban amenities - food and drink public facilities. We represent them in a form of visibility graph as objects of navigational decisions within the street network. To explore how urban facilities, streets and pedestrian visual cognition are interrelated, we create and compare three cases: a street network visibility graph and two visibility graphs of amenities. The first graph is based on the existing, “natural” distribution, while the second is an “artificial”, fabricated version of the environment, where urban locations are redistributed evenly across the case study. We study the graphs’ global network properties by the use of small-world, and scale-free models. Our results demonstrate that views available for an urban traveller in the existing, “natural” setting had a particular structure. It is built of numerous weakly connected locations coexisting with a small number of hubs with an exceptionally large number of visual connections. Such organisation of urban visibility shows that visuospatial network shares morphological similarities with other natural networks, suggesting that common organizational principles underlie network structure

Editorial: The psychological and physiological benefits of the arts

Editoria

Pyrolysis of waste tires for energy purposes : a review of pyrolysis products and their applications

Este artigo de revisão traz pela primeira vez para a literatura brasileira discussões mais aprofundadas sobre as características físico-químicas dos produtos da pirólise de pneus inservíveis e suas aplicações. As propriedades físico-químicas e distribuições dos produtos, resultantes da pirólise (sólido - char, gasoso – syngas e líquido - óleo pirolítico), foram discutidas, com relação às variações das condições de pirólise. Na revisão é mostrado que as interações das variáveis do processo de pirólise também influenciam na ocorrência de reações secundárias, as quais interferem na distribuição dos produtos. Os produtos gasosos e líquidos, obtidos da pirólise de pneus inservíveis, foram apresentados como uma valiosa fonte de combustível para a geração de calor e energia elétrica. O sólido pirolítico, além da utilização como combustível sólido, tem potencial para a recuperação de negro de fumo e utilização como adsorvente, após processo de ativação. Atualmente, o produto líquido de pirólise tem recebido maior atenção dos pesquisadores, dada a sua flexibilidade em termos de armazenamento e transporte, seu alto conteúdo energético, sua possibilidade de recuperação dos hidrocarbonetos e propriedades como combustível alternativo em motores de combustão interna.This review article brings for the first time to the Brazilian literature more in-depth discussions about the physicochemical characteristics of waste tire pyrolysis products and their applications. The physicochemical properties and product distributions resulting from pyrolysis (solid – char, gas – syngas and liquid - pyrolysis liquid) were discussed with respect to variations in pyrolysis conditions. In the review, it is shown that the interactions of the pyrolysis process variables also influence the occurrence of secondary reactions, which interfere in the distribution of the products. The gaseous and liquid products, obtained from the waste tire pyrolysis, were presented as a valuable fuel source for the generation of heat and electricity. The pyrolytic solid, in addition to being used as a solid fuel, has the potential for the recovery of carbon black and use as an adsorbent, after the activation process. Currently, the liquid pyrolysis product has received greater attention from researchers, given its flexibility in terms of storage and transport, its high-energy content, its possibility of recovering hydrocarbons and properties as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines

Concentrações inibitórias e bactericidas mínimas em filtrado de quefir artesanal

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Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Music Therapy and Art Therapy

Palliative care is provided by an interdisciplinary team, including physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, social workers, chaplains, and other disciplines based on need. Music therapists and art therapists are becoming increasingly available to palliative care teams and are advancing the diverse and unique clinical services available to effectively meet the holistic needs of patients with serious illnesses and their families. This article provides a concrete exploration of clinical music therapy and art therapy within palliative care and hospice paradigms, with discussion of therapists' training and expertise, therapeutic approaches within the setting of interprofessional team-based care, and discussion of evidence-based symptom management and outcomes supporting the inclusion of music and art therapies within medical education and clinical employment

Predictors of Enhancing Human Physical Attractiveness: Data from 93 Countries

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending \u3e10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives