GIS, GPS, and Remote Sensing Technologies in Extension Services: Where to Start, What to Know

The rapid development and integration of spatial technologies such as Geographic Information Systems, the Global Positioning System, and remote sensing, have created many new tools for Extension professionals, but have also widened the digital divide, leaving many with little understanding of the technology and potential applications. This article presents examples of Extension-related applications of GIS-GPS-RS technologies and discusses how to go about learning more and determining if these technologies would be useful. Examples and recommendations are taken from the literature and from the authors\u27 own experience

Características clínicas - epidemiológicas en los pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda del Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho durante el periodo de enero – julio del 2013

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDetermina que características epidemiológicas y clínicas presentan los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda y establece la prevalencia de casos de pancreatitis aguda del Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho durante el periodo de enero-julio del 2013. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se realizó la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda durante enero-julio del 2013. Dando como resultado que el grupo etáreo más afectado fue de 30 a 45 años, con una media de 45,11 años. El sexo más afectado fue el femenino 66%. La mayoría provenía de la zona de José Carlos Mariátegui. Entre los factores de riesgo ninguno 44, 61 % y colecistitis crónica calculosa 43,07%. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron naúseas 31,77%, vómitos 22,89% y epigastralgia 18,69%. La clasificación de severidad de acuerdo a la escala de Ranson fue leve 86,15% y severa 13,85%. La etiología más frecuente es la litiasis biliar 93,84%. Dentro de las complicaciones de la pancreatitis aguda la ausencia de ella en 86,56%. El tratamiento médico en 92,30%. La pancreatitis aguda se presentó principalmente en la población adulta joven con predominancia en el sexo femenino, siendo la causa más frecuente la litiasis biliar.Tesi

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia after radiation therapy for lung cancer. A case report

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, has mainly been described in patients with breast cancer who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. In this rare case, a 70-year-old man with left apical squamous lung cancer developed BOOP after radiotherapy and only one cycle of concomitant chemotherapy. This case report draws attention to the development of this syndrome in the unusual setting of lung cancer, advising prompt steroid treatment when diagnostic images reveal the characteristic signs of the disease

Interplay between ESR1/PIK3CA codon variants, oncogenic pathway alterations and clinical phenotype in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Comprehensive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis

BACKGROUND: although being central for the biology and druggability of hormone-receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC), ESR1 and PIK3CA mutations are simplistically dichotomized as mutated or wild type in current clinical practice. METHODS: The study analyzed a multi-institutional cohort comprising 703 patients with luminal-like MBC characterized for circulating tumor DNA through next generation sequencing (NGS). Pathway classification was defined based on previous work (i.e., RTK, RAS, RAF, MEK, NRF2, ER, WNT, MYC, P53, cell cycle, notch, PI3K). Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were annotated for their oncogenicity through OncoKB. Only pathogenic variants were included in the models. Associations among clinical characteristics, pathway classification, and ESR1/PIK3CA codon variants were explored. RESULTS: The results showed a differential pattern of associations for ESR1 and PIK3CA codon variants in terms of co-occurring pathway alterations patterns of metastatic dissemination, and prognosis. ESR1 537 was associated with SNVs in the ER and RAF pathways, CNVs in the MYC pathway and bone metastases, while ESR1 538 with SNVs in the cell cycle pathway and liver metastases. PIK3CA 1047 and 542 were associated with CNVs in the PI3K pathway and with bone metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated how ESR1 and PIK3CA codon variants, together with alterations in specific oncogenic pathways, can differentially impact the biology and clinical phenotype of luminal-like MBC. As novel endocrine therapy agents such as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDS) and PI3K inhibitors are being developed, these results highlight the pivotal role of ctDNA NGS to describe tumor evolution and optimize clinical decision making

Land birds: species checklist and ecological aspects

Muestreamos la avifauna terrestre de la Reserva de Vida Silvestre San Pablo de Valdés mediante “conteos de puntos” periódicos, entre 2009 y 2014, para detectar tendencias en los ensambles asociadas a la exclusión del ganado. Registramos 48 especies, de las cuales 22 son residentes. Observamos 18 migrantes australes del Neotrópico (15 de la estación cálida y tres de la fría). La lista de especies comprende el 30% de las citadas para la Península Valdés. El Canastero Patagónico y el Cacholote Pardo, endemismos del país, se reproducen en el lugar. El Choique (categoría “Amenazado”) y otras cuatro especies que registramos frecuentemente se consideran aves con problemas de conservación en la Argentina. La primavera es la estación con mayor riqueza y diversidad. La densidad de Passeriformes en la primavera fluctuó entre 50 y 100 indiv/km2. La abundancia y la riqueza fueron máximas en la estepa arbustiva-herbácea y mínimas en la estepa herbácea. Observamos primero un aumento y luego una disminución de la abundancia general y la riqueza a lo largo de los años. Sugerimos que esta variación está asociada con cambios en los hábitats provocados primero por la exclusión del ganado y luego por el aumento de la densidad de herbívoros silvestres.We sampled the terrestrial avifauna of Reserva de Vida Silvestre San Pablo de Valdés by means of periodical point-counts, between 2009 and 2014, to detect trends in the assemblages associated with the exclusion of livestock. We recorded 48 species, 22 of which are residents. We observed 18 Neotropical austral migrants (15 corresponding to the warm season and three to the cold season). The list of species includes 30% of those recorded in the Peninsula Valdes. Breeding endemics, Patagonian Canastero and White-throated Cacholote, were found breeding in the area. The Lesser Rhea (nationally “Threatened”) and four other species are considered birds with conservation concerns in Argentina. Spring is the season with the highest species richness and diversity. The density of passerines in spring fluctuated between 50 and 100 indiv/km2. The abundance and richness were highest in the shrub-grass steppe and minimum in the grass steppe. We observed first an increase and then a decline in overall abundance and richness over the years. We suggest that this variation is associated with habitat changes caused first by the exclusion of sheep and then by the increase in density of wild herbivores.Fil: Krapovickas, Santiago. Aves Argentinas; ArgentinaFil: Gatto, Alejandro Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzo, Rafael S.. Fundación Vida Silvestre; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Cynthia. Universidad de Vigo; Españ

LMDA Review, volume 12, issue 2

Contents include: Relevance, Residency & Playwriting, The Dramaturgy Residency Project Overview, Residency Project One: Kristen Gandrow at Voice & Vision, Interview with the Dramaturg Kristen Gandrow, Residency Project Two: Brad Rothbart at INTAR Hispanic American Arts Center, Interview with the Dramaturg Brad Rothbart, Residency Project Three: Maxine Kern at New Dramatists, Interview with the Artistic Director Todd London, Interview with the Dramaturg Maxine Kern, Michele Volansky President-Elect of LMDA, LMDA at the Crossroads, Conference 2002 Vancouver, British Columbia, Conference Overview (tentative), LMDA Canada Report, The Musical Structure of Playwriting: A Planel Discussion, and Announcing our new Administrator Cynthia Croot. Issue editor: Gretchen Haleyhttps://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/lmdareview/1025/thumbnail.jp

Efficacy of two commercial ready-to-use PCV2 and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines under field conditions

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are economically important pathogens in swine farms. Vaccination is the main preventive measure for both infections. In order to test two ready-to-use bivalent vaccines, 646 piglets from a herd actively infected with both pathogens were stratified according to the sow parity number and randomly assigned to three groups: A and B were vaccinated with two different vaccines, respectively, while C remained as the unvaccinated control. Vaccine efficacy was assessed based on the weight, average daily weight gai (ADWG), degree of lung lesions, presence of PCV2 viremia by qPCR and presence of PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels by ELISA. Our data revealed that the sow parity did not influence the vaccine outcomes. Good results for most of the analyzed parameters were observed in both vaccinated groups. ADGW and final weight were higher and lung lesions were less evident in both vaccinated groups than in the control one, but only Group A showed a significant improvement. PCV2 viremia was not detected in Group A, but it did appear in Group B coinciding with its peak in Group C. Finally, both the PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae serological patterns differed depending on the employed vaccineS

Validation of a guideline to reduce variability in diagnosing cervical dystonia

Background: Cervical dystonia is characterized by a variable pattern of neck muscle involvement. Due to the lack of a diagnostic test, cervical dystonia diagnosis is based on clinical examination and is therefore subjective. The present work was designed to provide practical guidance for clinicians in confirming or refuting suspected cervical dystonia. Methods: Participants were video recorded according to a standardized protocol to assess 6 main clinical features possibly contributing to cervical dystonia diagnosis: presence of repetitive, patterned head/neck movements/postures inducing head/neck deviation from neutral position (item 1); sensory trick (item 2); and red flags related to conditions mimicking dystonia that should be absent in dystonia (items 3-6). Inter-/intra-rater agreement among three independent raters was assessed by k statistics. To estimate sensitivity and specificity, the gold standard was cervical dystonia diagnosis reviewed at each site by independent senior neurologists. Results: The validation sample included 43 idiopathic cervical dystonia patients and 41 control subjects (12 normal subjects, 6 patients with isolated head tremor, 4 with chorea, 6 with tics, 4 with head ptosis due to myasthenia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 7 with orthopedic/rheumatologic neck diseases, and 2 with ocular torticollis). The best combination of sensitivity and specificity was observed considering all the items except for an item related to capability to voluntarily suppress spasms (sensitivity: 96.1%; specificity: 81%). Conclusions: An accurate diagnosis of cervical dystonia can be achieved if, in addition to the core motor features, we also consider some clinical features related to dystonia mimics that should be absent in dystonia

Environmental distribution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in swine herds with natural infection

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the aetiological agent of PCV2-Systemic Disease (PCV2-SD) and PCV2-Subclinical Infection (PCV2-SI). PCV2 is highly resistant to environmental conditions, being able to remain in the farm environment and thus represent a risk for infection maintenance. The aim of this study was to identify, under field conditions, the possible critical points in the environment of non-vaccinated farrow-to-weaning swine farms where PCV2 could accumulate and persist. For that, environmental samples from five swine farms with PCV2-SD or PCV2-SI were taken and analysed by qPCR, including different farm areas, farm personnel and management implements. PCV2 DNA was detected in the environment of all farms (42.9% of positive samples). Overall, the PCV2-SD herd seemed to present more positive samples and higher viral loads than the PCV2-SI herds. At individual farm level, weaning areas appeared to be the most contaminated facilities. In addition, PCV2 was found at high levels in most samples from farm workers, especially work boots, suggesting that they may play a role in within-farm transmission. In addition, PCV2 was detected in areas without animals the like warehouses, offices and farm perimeter. Therefore, this study is helpful to improve measures to reduce within-farm PCV2 dissemination.This work has been funded by the European PCV2-Award 2016 sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, GermanyS

Effects of increased heart rate and sympathetic tone on intraventricular electrogram morphology

Electrogram pattern recognition by way of morphologic analysis has been proposed as a technique that may improve discrimination of ventricular tachycardia from sinus rhythm by anti-tachycardia devices. The potential impact that increases in heart rate and sympathetic tone could have on such techniques, however, has not been previously determined. A comparative study was undertaken to quantify possible changes in ventricular electrogram morphology using correlation waveform, area of difference, and amplitude analyses in 6 patients during atrial overdrive pacing at cycle lengths of 600 and 400 ms (group A), in 13 patients during infusions of physiologic doses of epinephrine (group B), and in 20 patients undergoing infusions of isoproterenol (group C). Four patients were in both groups A and B. A bipolar intraventricular template of cardiac depolarization during sinus rhythm at rest was compared with depolarization during subsequent passages of sinus rhythm at rest and subsequently increased heart rate.In 36 of 39 patients, waveform configuration as assessed by correlation waveform analysis remained relatively stable during atrial overdrive pacing, epinephrine infusion, and isoproterenol infusion when compared with sinus rhythm at rest. The correlation value did not fall below 0.950 in any patient. Area of difference values for the same 36 patients changed by an average of 6 and 37% during atrial overdrive pacing at cycle lengths of 600 and 400 ms intervals, respectively, by 3% during epinephrine infusion, and by 17% during isoproterenol infusion. In these same patients, there was an average change in electrogram amplitude of -1% during atrial overdrive pacing at 600 ms, 26% during pacing at 400 ms, -1% during epinephrine infusion, and 12% during isoproterenol infusion.Little or no correlation was found between relative changes of amplitude and changes of correlation coefficient during any intervention. However, changes in amplitude and changes in area of difference exhibited weak to moderate correlation during infusion of epinephrine and isoproterenol. Despite some amplitude variation, overall waveform morphology remains relatively constant during increases in heart rate with or without concurrent changes in sympathetic tone. These findings suggest that heart rate increases are unlikely to confound time-domain detection schemes used in antitachycardia devices.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29031/1/0000063.pd