9 research outputs found

    Improved flow measurement using EM flat probes in mixed flow conditions

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    One of the commonly used approaches, for the flow measurements in sewer systems, are velocity-area methods. Although, it is reported that the velocity sensors operate with high uncertainty, the popularity of these methods stem from the fact that they can be applied in wide range of hydraulic conditions including the mixed flow conditions. Uncertainties are related both to the applied instruments and properties of the measurement site. In order to overcome this issue, additional site-specific calibration procedure for flat EM sensors is presented in this paper. Concept of its application in the engineering practice example are presented

    Improvement of EM flow meters accuracy through site-specific CFD calibration case study HPS Trebinje

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    Using CFD and real-magnetic field of EM probes to improve the accuracy of flow measurements in mixed flow conditions

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    Flow measurement in mixed flow conditions is a challenging task, which can be performed only by few techniques like ultrasonic and electromagnetic. Usually despite the flowmeterā€™s special design, the systematic uncertainty of flow rate remains high. In order to overcome this issue, additional site-specific calibration procedure for flat EM sensors is presented in this paper. Procedure includes both a hydraulic and magnetic field analysis. Concept of its application in the engineering practice example are presented

    Improved flow measurement using EM flat probes in mixed flow conditions

    Get PDF
    One of the commonly used approaches, for the flow measurements in sewer systems, are velocity-area methods. Although, it is reported that the velocity sensors operate with high uncertainty, the popularity of these methods stem from the fact that they can be applied in wide range of hydraulic conditions including the mixed flow conditions. Uncertainties are related both to the applied instruments and properties of the measurement site. In order to overcome this issue, additional site-specific calibration procedure for flat EM sensors is presented in this paper. Concept of its application in the engineering practice example are presented

    Improvement of EM flow meters accuracy through site-specific CFD calibration case study HPS Trebinje

    Get PDF

    Merenje protoka vode u tunelima pri kombinovanim uslovima tečenja: primer tunela Dabarsko Polje - Fatničko polje

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    U opÅ”tem slučaju, metode za merenje protoka vode se mogu klasifikovati prema uslovima tečenja na mernom mestu, pa se tako određene metode koriste u sistemima pod pritiskom dok neÅ”to drugačije u sistemima gde se javlja tečenje sa slobodnom povrÅ”inom. U određenim slučajevima, na mernom mestu se može javiti i tečenje pod pritiskom i sa slobodnom povrÅ”inom, odnosno tzv. kombinovani uslovi tečenja. U ovom radu analiziran je jedan upravo takav slučaj, derivacioni tunel između Dabarskog i Fatničkog Polja u okviru sistema Hidroelektrane na TrebiÅ”njici (HET). Glavne karakteristike ovog tunela, pored kombinovanih uslova tečenja, su i impozantne dimenzije, gde prečnik varira od 5,0 m do oko 5,6 m, kao i bidirekcioni raspon protoka od -40 do ~55 m3/s. Za potrebe merenja protoka projektovano je i izvedeno jedno merno mesto unutar tunela, neposredno uz izlazno/ulaznu građevinu u Fatničkom polju, opremljeno sa četiri ravne EM sonde, dva logera pritiska i dve kontrolne EM sonde tipa ā€žAjkulino kriloā€œ. Imajući u vidu karakteristike tunela kao i merne metode, neophodno je pažljivo uspostaviti korelaciju između izmerene brzine i srednje profilske, odnosno lokalno kalibrisati ravne EM senzore brzine. U radu je analizirana mogućnost lokalne kalibracije ravnih EM senzora brzine pomoću kontrolnih EM sondi ā€žAjkulino kriloā€œ. Dobijeni rezultati su upoređeni sa rezultatima ā€žsuve kalibracijeā€œ sprovedene koriŔćenjem teorijskog rasporeda brzine i jednodimenzionalne težinske funkcije

    Unapređenje metodologije merenja protoka pomoću ravnih elektromagnetnih senzora brzine

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    One of the commonly used approaches, for the flow measurements in open chanel hydraulic systems, is to measure one depth and use the stable Q-H relationship to compute the flow rate. If this method is inappropriate, the velocity-area method has to be used: both area (depth) and mean velocity are measured in order to compute the flow rate. Although, it is reported that the velocity sensors operate with high uncertainty, the popularity of these methods stem from the fact that they can be applied in wide range of hydraulic conditions including the mixed flow conditions. Uncertainties are related both to the applied instruments and properties of the measurement site. While Doppler probes are preffered nowadays in the hydraulic systems, electromagnetic probes have certain adventages which are found to be useful in the methodology presented in this paper. Here, so called flat EM velocity probes are analyzed, which can be used instead of Doppler probes for the flow measurements. Due to the more rigourous operating principle, particular weighting functions can be derived in order to define contributions from different parts of the flow to the measured signal. Reduction of the uncertainty can be obtained through combination of the weighting functions with site-specific velocity fields computed with CFD simulations, In order to overcome the high uncertainty issue, additional site-specific calibration procedure for flat EM sensors is presented in this paper. Concept of its application in the engineering practice example are presented.NajčeŔće koriŔćen način merenja protoka u hidrotehničkim sistemima sa otvorenim tokom je preko merenja jedne dubine i preračunavanjem u protok koriŔćenjem Q-H krive. U uslovima kada nije moguće jednoznačno uspostaviti Q-H vezu, neophodno je koristiti metodu Brzina-Proticajni presek, gde se odvojeno mere (srednja) proticajna brzina i dubina. Iako su dosadaÅ”nja istraživanja pokazala da senzori brzine često rade sa visokom mernom neodređenoŔću, ovaj pristup je popularan zbog mogućnosti primene u Å”irokom spektru hidrauličkih problema. Merna neodređenost u obračunatom protoku ima dvojaki karakter i rezultat je neodređenosti samog merenja brzine i dubine, kao i doprinosa usled nestandardnih uslova na mernom mestu. Iako se u hidrauličkim sistemima u poslednje vreme preferiraju ultrazvučne Dopler sonde, elekromagnetne (EM) sonde poseduju prednosti u realnim uslovima rada posebno u sistemima sa otpadnim vodama. U ovom radu, analizirane su ravne EM sonde za brzinu, koje se mogu koristiti umesto Dopler sondi za merenje protoka. Zbog jasnijeg principa rada EM sondi, moguće je definisati posebne težinske funkcije kojima se opisuje koliko koji deo polja brzina utiče na izlazni signal uređaja. Koristeći težinske funkcije u kombinaciji sa modeliranim realnim strujnim poljem, dobijenim pomoću prostornih numeričkih simulacija turbulentnog toka, moguće je smanjiti mernu neodređenost uređaja. Predložena metodologija je klasifikovana kao naknadna kalibracija EM uređaja prema uslovima na mernom mestu. Koncept njene primene je prikazan kroz praktičan primer

    Unapređenje metodologije merenja protoka pomoću ravnih elektromagnetnih senzora brzine

    Get PDF
    One of the commonly used approaches, for the flow measurements in open chanel hydraulic systems, is to measure one depth and use the stable Q-H relationship to compute the flow rate. If this method is inappropriate, the velocity-area method has to be used: both area (depth) and mean velocity are measured in order to compute the flow rate. Although, it is reported that the velocity sensors operate with high uncertainty, the popularity of these methods stem from the fact that they can be applied in wide range of hydraulic conditions including the mixed flow conditions. Uncertainties are related both to the applied instruments and properties of the measurement site. While Doppler probes are preffered nowadays in the hydraulic systems, electromagnetic probes have certain adventages which are found to be useful in the methodology presented in this paper. Here, so called flat EM velocity probes are analyzed, which can be used instead of Doppler probes for the flow measurements. Due to the more rigourous operating principle, particular weighting functions can be derived in order to define contributions from different parts of the flow to the measured signal. Reduction of the uncertainty can be obtained through combination of the weighting functions with site-specific velocity fields computed with CFD simulations, In order to overcome the high uncertainty issue, additional site-specific calibration procedure for flat EM sensors is presented in this paper. Concept of its application in the engineering practice example are presented.NajčeŔće koriŔćen način merenja protoka u hidrotehničkim sistemima sa otvorenim tokom je preko merenja jedne dubine i preračunavanjem u protok koriŔćenjem Q-H krive. U uslovima kada nije moguće jednoznačno uspostaviti Q-H vezu, neophodno je koristiti metodu Brzina-Proticajni presek, gde se odvojeno mere (srednja) proticajna brzina i dubina. Iako su dosadaÅ”nja istraživanja pokazala da senzori brzine često rade sa visokom mernom neodređenoŔću, ovaj pristup je popularan zbog mogućnosti primene u Å”irokom spektru hidrauličkih problema. Merna neodređenost u obračunatom protoku ima dvojaki karakter i rezultat je neodređenosti samog merenja brzine i dubine, kao i doprinosa usled nestandardnih uslova na mernom mestu. Iako se u hidrauličkim sistemima u poslednje vreme preferiraju ultrazvučne Dopler sonde, elekromagnetne (EM) sonde poseduju prednosti u realnim uslovima rada posebno u sistemima sa otpadnim vodama. U ovom radu, analizirane su ravne EM sonde za brzinu, koje se mogu koristiti umesto Dopler sondi za merenje protoka. Zbog jasnijeg principa rada EM sondi, moguće je definisati posebne težinske funkcije kojima se opisuje koliko koji deo polja brzina utiče na izlazni signal uređaja. Koristeći težinske funkcije u kombinaciji sa modeliranim realnim strujnim poljem, dobijenim pomoću prostornih numeričkih simulacija turbulentnog toka, moguće je smanjiti mernu neodređenost uređaja. Predložena metodologija je klasifikovana kao naknadna kalibracija EM uređaja prema uslovima na mernom mestu. Koncept njene primene je prikazan kroz praktičan primer
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