5 research outputs found
Malignant properties of cancer stem cells
Maligni tumori su jedna od najuÄeÅ”Äih bolesti modernoga doba. U Hrvatskoj svaka Äetvrta osoba oboli od nekoga oblika maligne bolesti. U lijeÄenju malignih tumora koristimo najÄeÅ”Äe kiruÅ”ku terapiju, kemoterapiju (citostatike), hormonsku terapiju, imunoterapiju i radioterapiju. Usprkos svim tim metodama i visoko razvijenim protokolima lijeÄenja recidivi tumora su Äesti. Povratak tumora nakon odreÄene terapije najvjerojatnije potjeÄe od zaostalih tumorskih stanica koje nisu uklonjene lijeÄenjem. Jedna od kljuÄnih karakteristika tumora je velika raznolikost tumorskih stanica za koju se vjeruje da je nastala mutacijama i klonskom ekspanzijom pojedinih tumorskih stanica. Rezistencija tumora na ne-kirurÅ”ke oblike lijeÄenja se upravo pripisuje pojedinim podpopulacijama tumorskih stanica. Terapijska intervencija može djelovati kao selekcijski Äimbenik Äiji je rezultat ekspanzija rezistentnih klonova. Povrh toga, povratak bolesti nakon terapije može se objasniti i postojanjem posebne podpopulacije tumorskih stanica koje se nazivaju tumorske matiÄne stanice (eng. cancer stem cells ili CSC). Tumorske matiÄne prepoznate su u onkologiji kao važna ciljna. U radu Äe biti prikazane osnovne karakteristike tumorskih i ne-tumorskih matiÄnih stanica. Prikazat Äu i kratki razvoj modela tumorskih matiÄnih stanica te pojasniti njihove osnovne karakteristke i ulogu u razumjevanju povrata bolesti i rezistencije na kemoterapeutike. Kratko Äu prikazati osnovne markere ovih stanica te potencijalne mete za djelovanje kemoterapeutika. TakoÄer Äu raspraviti i o važnosti nastavka istraÅ£ivanja tumorskih matiÄnih stanica u svrhu prevladavanja izazova na putu ka uspjeÅ”nom lijeÄenju onkoloÅ”kih bolesnika.Cancer is one of the most common diseases of the modern era. In Croatia every fourth person is diagnosed with some form of cancer. In treating cancer most common therapeutic approaches are surgical therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal
therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Even though we have all these methods and highly developed protocols for cancer treatment, relapse often occurs. Relapse after certain therapy approach is more likely to be caused by some cancer cells which have not all been eradicated by treatment. Almost all tumors are composed of a heterogeneus cell population, making them difficult to treat. A small cell subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a low proliferation rate and high tumorigenic potential is thought to be responsible for cancer development, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Cancer stem cells have been recognized as a major target cell population in oncology in recent years, and considerable effort has been made to identify novel CSC markers and target expression profiles as well as to measure the response of these cells to various targeted drugs as curative cancer therapy is effective only when a cancer stem cell subpopulation is completley eradicated. This thesis will discuss main characteristics of normal and cancer stem cells and the role of CSC in tumor relapse and resistance to standard chemotherapy protocols. I will also write about the evolution of the CSC model, potential new therapy targets and the importance of continuing the research on CSCs in order to overcome the challenges to sucessfully treating oncological patients
Malignant properties of cancer stem cells
Maligni tumori su jedna od najuÄeÅ”Äih bolesti modernoga doba. U Hrvatskoj svaka Äetvrta osoba oboli od nekoga oblika maligne bolesti. U lijeÄenju malignih tumora koristimo najÄeÅ”Äe kiruÅ”ku terapiju, kemoterapiju (citostatike), hormonsku terapiju, imunoterapiju i radioterapiju. Usprkos svim tim metodama i visoko razvijenim protokolima lijeÄenja recidivi tumora su Äesti. Povratak tumora nakon odreÄene terapije najvjerojatnije potjeÄe od zaostalih tumorskih stanica koje nisu uklonjene lijeÄenjem. Jedna od kljuÄnih karakteristika tumora je velika raznolikost tumorskih stanica za koju se vjeruje da je nastala mutacijama i klonskom ekspanzijom pojedinih tumorskih stanica. Rezistencija tumora na ne-kirurÅ”ke oblike lijeÄenja se upravo pripisuje pojedinim podpopulacijama tumorskih stanica. Terapijska intervencija može djelovati kao selekcijski Äimbenik Äiji je rezultat ekspanzija rezistentnih klonova. Povrh toga, povratak bolesti nakon terapije može se objasniti i postojanjem posebne podpopulacije tumorskih stanica koje se nazivaju tumorske matiÄne stanice (eng. cancer stem cells ili CSC). Tumorske matiÄne prepoznate su u onkologiji kao važna ciljna. U radu Äe biti prikazane osnovne karakteristike tumorskih i ne-tumorskih matiÄnih stanica. Prikazat Äu i kratki razvoj modela tumorskih matiÄnih stanica te pojasniti njihove osnovne karakteristke i ulogu u razumjevanju povrata bolesti i rezistencije na kemoterapeutike. Kratko Äu prikazati osnovne markere ovih stanica te potencijalne mete za djelovanje kemoterapeutika. TakoÄer Äu raspraviti i o važnosti nastavka istraÅ£ivanja tumorskih matiÄnih stanica u svrhu prevladavanja izazova na putu ka uspjeÅ”nom lijeÄenju onkoloÅ”kih bolesnika.Cancer is one of the most common diseases of the modern era. In Croatia every fourth person is diagnosed with some form of cancer. In treating cancer most common therapeutic approaches are surgical therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal
therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Even though we have all these methods and highly developed protocols for cancer treatment, relapse often occurs. Relapse after certain therapy approach is more likely to be caused by some cancer cells which have not all been eradicated by treatment. Almost all tumors are composed of a heterogeneus cell population, making them difficult to treat. A small cell subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a low proliferation rate and high tumorigenic potential is thought to be responsible for cancer development, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Cancer stem cells have been recognized as a major target cell population in oncology in recent years, and considerable effort has been made to identify novel CSC markers and target expression profiles as well as to measure the response of these cells to various targeted drugs as curative cancer therapy is effective only when a cancer stem cell subpopulation is completley eradicated. This thesis will discuss main characteristics of normal and cancer stem cells and the role of CSC in tumor relapse and resistance to standard chemotherapy protocols. I will also write about the evolution of the CSC model, potential new therapy targets and the importance of continuing the research on CSCs in order to overcome the challenges to sucessfully treating oncological patients
Procena metoda za oblaganje viÅ”eÄestiÄnih supstrata topljenjem - oblaganje u pateni vs. oblaganje u bubnju
Hot-melt coating (HMC) is an alternative, solvent-free coating method generally used to modify substrate release rate and/or mask its unpleasant taste. The aim of this study was to assess two HMC methods (pan-coating and mortar-coating) by assaying functional properties of the coated material. The selected substrates included highly soluble sodium chloride (model substance) and caffeine (bitter drug), and the coating agent was glycerol distearate without/with the addition of liquid paraffin. Experiments with sodium chloride revealed that pan-coating yielded particles of more regular shape, while mortar-coating yielded samples of more uniform coating layer. The flowability of the coated material depended on the particle size. Sustained sodium chloride release was achieved for all mortar-coated and some pan-coated samples. The analysis of the results indicated mortar-coating as a preferable HMC method for caffeine coating. The resulting caffeine yield in the coated samples was high (99%), the material showed satisfactory mechanical properties and drug release from the coated particles was sustained. Overall, the obtained results suggest that both pan- and mortar-coating can be used to sustain the release of drugs with unpleasant taste, but mortar-coating can be considered as a more simple and practical method that can be potentially used in compounding pharmacies.Oblaganje topljenjem je alternativna metoda oblaganja, bez upotrebe rastvaraÄa i uglavnom se koristi za modifikaciju brzine rastvaranja i/ili maskiranje neprijatnog ukusa supstrata. Cilj ovog rada je da se procene dve metode za oblaganje topljenjem (oblaganje u bubnju i oblaganje u pateni), ispitivanjem funkcionalnih karakteristika obloženog materijala. Izabrana su dva visoko rastvorljiva supstrata: natrijum-hlorid (model supstanca) i kofein (lekovita supstanca gorkog ukusa), a za oblaganje je koriÅ”Äen glicerildistearat bez/sa dodatkom teÄnog parafina. Eksperimenti sa natrijum-hloridom su pokazali da su oblaganjem u bubnju dobijene Äestice pravilnijeg oblika, dok su oblaganjem u pateni dobijeni uzorci sa ujednaÄenijom oblogom. ProtoÄnost obloženog materijala je zavisila od veliÄine Äestica. Usporeno rastvaranje natrijumhlorida postignuto je kod svih uzoraka obloženih u pateni i kod nekih uzoraka obloženih u bubnju. Analiza rezultata je izdvojila oblaganje u pateni kao pogodniju metodu za oblaganje kofeina. Dobijeni prinos obloženih Äestica kofeina je bio visok (99%), obloženi materijal je imao zadovoljavajuÄe mehaniÄke osobine i postignuta je usporena brzina rastvaranja kofeina. Sumarno, dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se i oblaganje u bubnju i u pateni mogu koristiti za usporavanje rastvaranja lekovitih supstanci neprijatnog ukusa, no oblaganje u pateni predstavlja jednostavniju i praktiÄniju metodu koja se potencijalno može koristiti i u izradi magistralnih lekova
Malignant properties of cancer stem cells
Maligni tumori su jedna od najuÄeÅ”Äih bolesti modernoga doba. U Hrvatskoj svaka Äetvrta osoba oboli od nekoga oblika maligne bolesti. U lijeÄenju malignih tumora koristimo najÄeÅ”Äe kiruÅ”ku terapiju, kemoterapiju (citostatike), hormonsku terapiju, imunoterapiju i radioterapiju. Usprkos svim tim metodama i visoko razvijenim protokolima lijeÄenja recidivi tumora su Äesti. Povratak tumora nakon odreÄene terapije najvjerojatnije potjeÄe od zaostalih tumorskih stanica koje nisu uklonjene lijeÄenjem. Jedna od kljuÄnih karakteristika tumora je velika raznolikost tumorskih stanica za koju se vjeruje da je nastala mutacijama i klonskom ekspanzijom pojedinih tumorskih stanica. Rezistencija tumora na ne-kirurÅ”ke oblike lijeÄenja se upravo pripisuje pojedinim podpopulacijama tumorskih stanica. Terapijska intervencija može djelovati kao selekcijski Äimbenik Äiji je rezultat ekspanzija rezistentnih klonova. Povrh toga, povratak bolesti nakon terapije može se objasniti i postojanjem posebne podpopulacije tumorskih stanica koje se nazivaju tumorske matiÄne stanice (eng. cancer stem cells ili CSC). Tumorske matiÄne prepoznate su u onkologiji kao važna ciljna. U radu Äe biti prikazane osnovne karakteristike tumorskih i ne-tumorskih matiÄnih stanica. Prikazat Äu i kratki razvoj modela tumorskih matiÄnih stanica te pojasniti njihove osnovne karakteristke i ulogu u razumjevanju povrata bolesti i rezistencije na kemoterapeutike. Kratko Äu prikazati osnovne markere ovih stanica te potencijalne mete za djelovanje kemoterapeutika. TakoÄer Äu raspraviti i o važnosti nastavka istraÅ£ivanja tumorskih matiÄnih stanica u svrhu prevladavanja izazova na putu ka uspjeÅ”nom lijeÄenju onkoloÅ”kih bolesnika.Cancer is one of the most common diseases of the modern era. In Croatia every fourth person is diagnosed with some form of cancer. In treating cancer most common therapeutic approaches are surgical therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal
therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Even though we have all these methods and highly developed protocols for cancer treatment, relapse often occurs. Relapse after certain therapy approach is more likely to be caused by some cancer cells which have not all been eradicated by treatment. Almost all tumors are composed of a heterogeneus cell population, making them difficult to treat. A small cell subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a low proliferation rate and high tumorigenic potential is thought to be responsible for cancer development, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Cancer stem cells have been recognized as a major target cell population in oncology in recent years, and considerable effort has been made to identify novel CSC markers and target expression profiles as well as to measure the response of these cells to various targeted drugs as curative cancer therapy is effective only when a cancer stem cell subpopulation is completley eradicated. This thesis will discuss main characteristics of normal and cancer stem cells and the role of CSC in tumor relapse and resistance to standard chemotherapy protocols. I will also write about the evolution of the CSC model, potential new therapy targets and the importance of continuing the research on CSCs in order to overcome the challenges to sucessfully treating oncological patients