Ligand Substitution of Ruthenium (II) Complexes that Elicit Physical and Chemical Changes

Over the last few years the exploration into ruthenium compounds and the field of coordination chemistry have grown. Ruthenium (II) and ruthenium (III) carry oxidation states that accommodate six-coordinated octahedral configurations in which axial attached ligands can determine chemical and steric properties. UV/Vis spectrometry, H1 NMR, and electrochemical voltammetry will be used to gather data from previously synthesized ruthenium (II) coordination complexes. We hope that by substituting various R groups on three different locations of our ruthenium (II) complex we will be able to control for many physical and chemical changes. After collecting the data from all three complimentary techniques we hope to directly compare E1/2 values, MLCT energies and NMR chemical shifts. Based on the literature we know that there will be a direct relationship between these results based on our chosen substituents

Consequences of Didymo Blooms in the Transnational Kootenay River Basin

Stream habitat changes that affect primary consumers often indirectly impact secondary consumers such as fishes. Blooms of the benthic algae Didymosphenia geminata (Didymo) represent one such habitat change known to affect stream macroinvertebrates. However, the potential indirect trophic impacts on fish consumers via modifications to their diet are poorly understood. The overall goal of this project was to determine if Didymo blooms in streams of the Kootenay River basin of British Columbia and Montana affect the condition and growth of fishes, and to see whether trophic mechanisms were responsible for any observed changes. We therefore quantified the diet, condition, and growth rate of trout, charr, and sculpin in a paired, Didymo vs. reference study, during the summer of 2018 and across a gradient of Didymo abundance in 2019. In the 2018 study, trout diets were 81% similar despite obvious differences in the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages between the Didymo and reference streams. Trout abundance was higher in the stream with Didymo, but the amount of invertebrates in the drift was higher in the stream without Didymo. Growth rate and energy demand by individual trout was similar between the two streams. In the 2019 study, across a gradient of coverage, Didymo abundance was correlated only with the percent of aquatic invertebrates in trout diets and did not affect diets of charr or sculpin. Variation in fish condition was low across study streams. Thus, Didymo blooms may impact trout diets to a small extent, but we found no evidence this impact translates to changes in condition or growth. The relationship of fish abundance to Didymo blooms bears further study, but we found no obvious trophic mechanisms that would explain any differences. We suggest future studies prioritize research on potential impacts during winter months and on species with limited mobility that may be most greatly impacted by Didymo

Parenteral and oral antibiotic duration for treatment of pediatric osteomyelitis: a systematic review protocol

BACKGROUND: Pediatric osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of bones requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment using parenteral followed by enteral agents. Major complications of pediatric osteomyelitis include transition to chronic osteomyelitis, formation of subperiosteal abscesses, extension of infection into the joint, and permanent bony deformity or limb shortening. Historically, osteomyelitis has been treated with long durations of antibiotics to avoid these complications. However, with improvements in management and antibiotic treatment, standard of care is moving towards short durations of intravenous antibiotics prior to enteral antibiotics. METHODS/DESIGN: The authors will perform a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines in order to evaluate the literature, looking for evidence to support the optimal duration of parenteral and enteral therapy. The main goals are to see if literature supports shorter durations of either parenteral antibiotics and/or enteral antibiotics. Multiple databases will be investigated using a thorough search strategy. Databases include Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Dissertation Abstracts, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Index Medicus and LILACS. Search stream will include medical subject heading for pediatric patients with osteomyelitis and antibiotic therapy. We will search for published or unpublished randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Two authors will independently select articles, extract data and assess risk of bias by standard Cochrane methodologies. We will analyze comparisons between dichotomous outcomes using risk ratios and continuous outcomes using mean differences. 95% confidence intervals will be computed. DISCUSSION: One of the major dilemmas of management of this disease is the duration of parenteral therapy. Long parenteral therapy has increased risk of serious complications and the necessity for long therapy has been called into question. Our study aims to review the currently available evidence from randomized trials regarding duration of both parenteral and oral therapy for pediatric acute osteomyelitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD4201300232

Re-evaluation of Seed Transmission of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in Zea mays

The spread of Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn (Zea mays), caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, to a wider geographic range in the early 2000s compared with the late 1960s has generated concern about the possible role of seed transmission in long-distance spread. The objectives of this research were: (1) to determine the percentage of seed infection found in seed harvested from inoculated and noninoculated plants of hybrids that varied in resistance to Goss’s wilt; and (2) to estimate the seed transmission rate from these infected seed lots. The greatest percent seed infection was detected in seed from inoculated plants of the most susceptible hybrid and the least in seed from the most resistant hybrid. Seed lots with seed infection that ranged from 3.6 to 37.0% were planted in three field and three greenhouse trials. A total of 12 seed transmission events (Goss’s wilt symptomatic seedlings) were identified among 241,850 plants examined, for a seed transmission rate of 0.005%. When the seed transmission rate was recalculated to consider only the infected seed portion of each seed lot, the rate increased to 0.040% (12 events from 30,088 potentially infected plants). Based on the low seed transmission rate observed and previous research on disease spread from a point source, it seems unlikely that seed transmission could introduce enough inoculum to create a serious disease outbreak in a single growing season. However, risk of seed transmission is relevant for phytosanitary restrictions and preventing the introduction of the pathogen to new areas. To date, Goss’s wilt has not been detected outside North America, and while the risk of seed transmission is very low, the risk is not zero. Fortunately, the presence of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in corn seed is readily detectable by established seed health testing methods

Stable Isotopes Confirm a Coastal Diet for Critically Endangered Mediterranean Monk Seals

Understanding the ecology and behaviour of endangered species is essential for developing effective management and conservation strategies.We used stable isotope analysis to investigate the foraging behaviour of critically endangered Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) in Greece.We measured carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (expressed as δ13C and δ15N values, respectively) derived from the hair of deceased adult and juvenile seals and the muscle of their known prey to quantify their diets.We tested the hypothesis that monk seals primarily foraged for prey that occupy coastal habitats in Greece.We compared isotope values from seal hair to their coastal and pelagic prey (after correcting all prey for isotopic discrimination) and used these isotopic data and a stable isotope mixing model to estimate the proportion of coastal and pelagic resources consumed by seals. As predicted, we found that seals had similar δ13C values as many coastal prey species and higher δ13C values than pelagic species; these results, in conjunction with mean dietary estimates (coastal = 61 % vs. pelagic = 39 %), suggest that seals have a diverse diet comprising prey from multiple trophic levels that primarily occupy the coast. Marine resource managers should consider using the results from this study to inform the future management of coastal habitats in Greece to protect Mediterranean monk seals

Phylogeny of the celastraceae inferred from phytochrome B gene sequence and morphology

Phylogenetic relationships within Celastraceae were inferred using a simultaneous analysis of 61 morphological characters and 1123 base pairs of phytochrome B exon 1 from the nuclear genome. No gaps were interred, and the gene tree topology suggests that the primers were specific to a single locus that did not duplicate among the lineages sampled. This region of phytochrome B was most useful for examining relationships among closely related genera. Fifty-one species from 38 genera of Celastraceae were sampled. The Celastraceae sensu lato (including Hippocrateaceae) were resolved as a monophyletic group. Loesener\u27s subfamilies and tribes of Celastraceae were not supported. The Hippocrateaceae were resolved as a monophyletic group nested within a paraphyletic Celastraceae sensu stricto. Goupia was resolved as more closely related to Euphorbiaceae, Corynocarpaceae, and Linaceae than to Celastraceae. Plagiopteron (Flacourtiaceae) was resolved as the sister group of Hippocrateoideae. Brexia (Brexiaceae) was resolved as closely related to Elaeodendron and Pleurostylia. Canotia was resolved as the sister group of Acanthothamus within Celastraceae. Perrottetia and Mortonia were resolved as the sister group of the rest of the Celastraceae. Siphonodon was resolved as a derived member of Celastraceae. Maytenus was resolved as three disparate groups, suggesting that this large genus needs to be recircumscribed

Economic impact of Tegaderm chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) dressing in critically ill patients.

PURPOSE: To estimate the economic impact of a Tegaderm(TM) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) gel dressing compared with a standard intravenous (i.v.) dressing (defined as non-antimicrobial transparent film dressing), used for insertion site care of short-term central venous and arterial catheters (intravascular catheters) in adult critical care patients using a cost-consequence model populated with data from published sources. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision analytical cost-consequence model was developed which assigned each patient with an indwelling intravascular catheter and a standard dressing, a baseline risk of associated dermatitis, local infection at the catheter insertion site and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), estimated from published secondary sources. The risks of these events for patients with a Tegaderm CHG were estimated by applying the effectiveness parameters from the clinical review to the baseline risks. Costs were accrued through costs of intervention (i.e. Tegaderm CHG or standard intravenous dressing) and hospital treatment costs depended on whether the patients had local dermatitis, local infection or CRBSI. Total costs were estimated as mean values of 10,000 probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) runs. RESULTS: Tegaderm CHG resulted in an average cost-saving of £77 per patient in an intensive care unit. Tegaderm CHG also has a 98.5% probability of being cost-saving compared to standard i.v. dressings. CONCLUSIONS: The analyses suggest that Tegaderm CHG is a cost-saving strategy to reduce CRBSI and the results were robust to sensitivity analyses

The First Extrasolar Planet Discovered with a New Generation High Throughput Doppler Instrument

We report the detection of the first extrasolar planet, ET-1 (HD 102195b), using the Exoplanet Tracker (ET), a new generation Doppler instrument. The planet orbits HD 102195, a young star with solar metallicity that may be part of the local association. The planet imparts radial velocity variability to the star with a semiamplitude of $63.4\pm2.0$ m s$^{-1}$ and a period of 4.11 days. The planetary minimum mass ($m \sin i$) is $0.488\pm0.015$ $M_J$.Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures and 5 tables, Accepted for publication in Ap

RELAMPAGO Lightning Mapping Array Update

No abstract availabl

Prospectus, October 21, 1975

PC NEWS IN BRIEF: FOOTBALL VOTE TODAY, HEALTH BROCHURES AVAILABLE, CANOE TRIP, BLOOD DRIVE, YOU CAN GRO; P.E. Building Ready by Christmas; New road to open; Faculty-Administration compromise: Midterm letter grades issued; editorials; Letters To The Editor; Roots & Radicals; McMullen vetoes jackets; Parkland Events; Career Room open to students; Tie-Rods named tug-of-war champs; Parkland Student directory; Football referendum set for October 22-23; LRC Suggestion Box; Distaff Side; Forum; Dear Bonnie; The Kaleidoscope; Zanies Here Today: Dinglefest Theatre; Football Results; Sports Views; Hendricks, Oliver to return: Cagers prepare for season; Fast Freddy\u27s football forecast; Games Of October 25; Coach\u27s Corner; Jocks; Intramurals: The People\u27s Sport; Lanphar to retire; P/C offers dog school; The Draft and YOU; Crosby and Nash Concert disappointing; Child development program starts; Vinyl Love; Foto-Funny\u27s; Country Bouquet; Bicentennial festivities announced: Celebration Week March 29-April 3; Bicent. Leadership Confab slated; Mini-concert; Local art for Bicentennial; Money still available from BEOG; folkorist October 23; Two plays to be presented in December; Classified; Club Notes: Vets Affairs..., I.O.C. Plans..., Rifle Club..., Lit Magazine...; Far Out Planet: Skylines; Scholarshp news from WIUhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1975/1004/thumbnail.jp