Genetic diversity of Lusitano horse in Brazil using pedigree information

This study aimed to evaluate population parameters and to describe the genetic diversity of the Lusitano breed in Brazil using pedigree data. Two populations were evaluated: total population (TP) containing 18,922 animals, and reference population (RP) composed of a part of TP containing 8,329 animals, representing the last generation. The generation interval (10.1 ± 5.1 years) was in the range for horse populations. Pedigree completeness in RP shows almost 100% filling in the three most recent generations, indicating improvement in the pedigree data and accuracy of the results, and the inbreeding coefficient (4.46%) and average relatedness (5.97%) for RP, indicating control on the part of breeders. The effective population size was 89 (TP) and 90 (RP). The effective number of founders (fe) were 33 and 29, effective number of ancestors (fa) were 30 and 26, and effective number of founder genomes (fg) were 19 and 15 for TP and RP, respectively, indicating a reduction of genetic variability in the last generations. The total number of ancestors that explains 100% of the genetic diversity in the Lusitano breed in Brazil was 427 (TP) and 341 (RP). The reproductive parameters, probabilities of gene origin showing loss of variability in the last generations, and the genetic contributions of ancestors suggest the need to monitor genetic diversity over time in breeding programs to allow control of the next generations and to increase their variability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Projeto biotecnologia : uma parceria empresa-universidade no ensino médio como ferramenta para proporcionar educação científica de qualidade

O Colégio Bandeirantes, uma escola particular de São Paulo-Brasil, desenvolve desde 1998 um projeto interdisciplinar com alunos do Ensino Médio – Projeto Biotecnologia. O projeto é extracurricular e anual . O objetivo principal do projeto é promover, a partir de parceria com a universidade pública, uma educação científica com significativos conhecimentos básico e específico, tanto teóricos como práticos, em biotecnologia. Utiliza-se também o TELEDUC, um espaço virtual com ferramentas de ensino à distância que possibilitam a organização das atividades e monitoria de cada participante. A parceria empresa-universidade inclui consultoria e palestras remuneradas, visitas a laboratórios e estágio aos alunos com melhor desempenho. A avaliação dos alunos é feita com questionários, entrevistas, análise de textos, apresentações orais e prova escrita individual

Dinâmica da população e controle biológico da cigarrinha em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens em Rondônia.

Instalado na area experimental da EMBRAPA-UEPAE Porto Velho, visando controlar o ataque das cigarrinhas-das-pastagens em Rondonia. Foi iniciado em jan./1977, com seis piquetes de 1ha cada um, com pastagens de brachiaria decumens. Tres piquetes foram adubados com fosforo, 100kg/ha, e tres nao adubados. Cada piquete comportou tres garrotes de dois anos de idade.As ninfas foram contadas atraves de um quadro de madeira medindo 0,25m de lado, jogado 10 vezes ao acaso por piquete. O processo de contagem dos adultos foi feito atravesde uma rede entomologica de 0,4m de diametro. Conclui-se que: apos seis meses de aplicacao ainda encontrou-se cigarrinhas mortas; o fungo atinte jovens e adultos; apos aplicacao do fungo houve rapida recuperacao das pastagem, embora tenha ocorrido a presenca de animais. A formulacao do molhavel mostrou-se mais eficiente; recomenda-se duas aplicacoes: l - inicio das chuvas, 2 - epoca do aparecimento da primeira geracao; O efeito do Metharrhizium anisopliae de um ano para outro ainda nao forneceu dados suficientes; o novo isolado recebel a sigla K19 - 1976.bitstream/item/46844/1/COT-7-19790001.pd

Persistence of Inflammatory Response to Intense Exercise in Diabetic Rats

In this study we evaluated the onset and resolution of inflammation in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats subjected to a single session of intense exercise. The following measurements were carried out prior to, immediately after, and 2 and 24 hours after exercise: plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CINC-2α/β, MIP-3α, and IL-6), immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM), acute phase proteins (CRP and C3), and creatine kinase (CK) activity. We also examined the occurrence of macrophage death by measurements of macrophages necrosis (loss of membrane integrity) and DNA fragmentation. An increase was observed in the concentration of IL-1β (3.3-fold) and TNF-α (2.0-fold) and in the proportion of necrotic macrophages (4.5-fold) in diabetic rats 24 hours after exercise, while the control group showed basal measurements. Twenty-four hours after the exercise, serum CK activity was elevated in diabetic rats but not in control animals. We concluded that lesion and inflammations resulting from intense exercise were greater and lasted longer in diabetic animals than in nondiabetic control rats

Persistence of Inflammatory Response to Intense Exercise in Diabetic Rats

In this study we evaluated the onset and resolution of inflammation in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats subjected to a single session of intense exercise. The following measurements were carried out prior to, immediately after, and 2 and 24 hours after exercise: plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CINC-2α/β, MIP-3α, and IL-6), immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM), acute phase proteins (CRP and C3), and creatine kinase (CK) activity. We also examined the occurrence of macrophage death by measurements of macrophages necrosis (loss of membrane integrity) and DNA fragmentation. An increase was observed in the concentration of IL-1β (3.3-fold) and TNF-α (2.0-fold) and in the proportion of necrotic macrophages (4.5-fold) in diabetic rats 24 hours after exercise, while the control group showed basal measurements. Twenty-four hours after the exercise, serum CK activity was elevated in diabetic rats but not in control animals. We concluded that lesion and inflammations resulting from intense exercise were greater and lasted longer in diabetic animals than in nondiabetic control rats

Metabolic fate of glutamine in lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils

Eric Newsholmes laboratory was the first to show glutamine utilization by lymphocytes and macrophages. Recently, we have found that neutrophils also utilize glutamine. This amino acid has been shown to play a role in lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production by lymphocytes and macrophages and phagocytosis and superoxide production by macrophages and neutrophils. Knowledge of the metabolic fate of glutamine in these cells is important for the understanding of the role and function of this amino acid in the maintenance of the proliferative, phagocytic and secretory capacities of these cells. Glutamine and glucose are poorly oxidized by these cells and might produce important precursors for DNA, RNA, protein and lipid synthesis. The high rate of glutamine utilization and its importance in such cells have raised the question as to the source of this glutamine, which, according to current evidence, appears to be muscle

Modulation of peritoneal macrophage activity by the saturation state of the fatty acid moiety of phosphatidylcholine

To determine the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine (PC) on macrophage activity, peritoneal lavage cells were cultured in the presence of phosphatidylcholine rich in saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (sat PC and unsat PC, respectively), both used at concentrations of 32 and 64 µM. The treatment of peritoneal macrophages with 64 µM unsat PC increased the production of hydrogen peroxide by 48.3% compared to control (148.3 ± 16.3 vs 100.0 ± 1.8%, N = 15), and both doses of unsat PC increased adhesion capacity by nearly 50%. Moreover, 64 µM unsat PC decreased neutral red uptake by lysosomes by 32.5% compared to the untreated group (67.5 ± 6.8 vs 100.0 ± 5.5%, N = 15), while both 32 and 64 µM unsat PC decreased the production of lipopolysaccharide-elicited nitric oxide by 30.4% (13.5 ± 2.6 vs 19.4 ± 2.5 µM) and 46.4% (10.4 ± 3.1 vs 19.4 ± 2.5 µM), respectively. Unsat PC did not affect anion production in non-stimulated cells or phagocytosis of unopsonized zymosan particles. A different result pattern was obtained for macrophages treated with sat PC. Phorbol 12-miristate 13-acetate-elicited superoxide production and neutral red uptake were decreased by nearly 25% by 32 and 64 µM sat PC, respectively. Sat PC did not affect nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide production, adhesion capacity or zymosan phagocytosis. Thus, PC modifies macrophage activity, but this effect depends on cell activation state, fatty acid saturation and esterification to PC molecule and PC concentration. Taken together, these results indicate that the fatty acid moiety of PC modulates macrophage activity and, consequently, is likely to affect immune system regulation in vivo.Fundação Araucári

Efeitos da micorriza e do suprimento de fósforo na atividade enzimática e na resposta de espécies arbóreas ao nitrogênio.

Avaliou-se, em um experimento realizado em vasos com 5 kg de um latossolo, a influencia de micorriza arbuscular e do suprimento de fosforo na micorriza arbuscular e do suprimento de fosforo na resposta da acacia (Acacia mangium (L.), fedegoso (Senna macranthera (Collad.) I & B.), cassia verrugosa (Senna multijuga (L.C.Rich) I.&B.) e angico vermelho (Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg.) a adubacao nitrogenada. Verificou-se que plantas colonizadas por Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerdemann), mesmo apresentando menores teores de fosforo na parte aerea, apresentaram maiores respostas em crescimento a adicao de N-mineral ao solo do que quando estas foram adubadas com 360 mg de P kg-1. Para absorcao de N, verificou-se que as plantas micorrizadas apresentaram teores deN ate 2,6 vezes maior devido a aplicacao deste nutriente, enquanto nas plantas com P esta relacao nao ultrapassou 1,5. Isto indica que o efeito da micorriza na resposta da nutricao fosfatica da planta e sim devido a melhor absrocao do N via fungo micorrizico. O conteudo de proteina soluvel na folha e a atividade da GS, Fd-GOGAT e PEPC foram pouco influenciados pelos tratamentos, sendo os valores maximos observados para o fedegoso. Alem de efeitos diretos da nutricao fosfatica, a micorriza se mostrou importante para a nutricao das especies arboreas utilizadas neste estudo