Pascal, le "misanthrope sublime", solitaire de Port-Royal

In French. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

The making of nickel and nickel-alloy shapes by casting, powder metallurgy, electroforming, chemical vapor deposition, and metal spraying

Casting, powder metallurgy, electroforming, metal spraying, and chemical vapor deposition techniques for producing nickel and nickel-alloy shape

New xenon results of Phoenix at 28 GHz

The classical PHOENIX 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion Source (ECRIS) has been developed to prospect high pulsed multi charged lead ion (MCI lead) beams for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1,2]. The goal of the experiment is to reach 1 emA pulses of Pb27+ during 0.4 ms with a 10 Hz repetition rate. This high beam current is one order of magnitude higher than the ones available nowadays. The strategy to take up this challenge is based on an increase of the radio frequency (RF) to 28 GHz and an increase of the RF power density. A new high acceptance, high resolution analysing beam line has been coupled to PHOENIX in order to study efficiently the intense beams delivered by the source. Thus, 0.6 emA of Xe20+ has been measured in the afterglow (AFG) among 9 emA analysed in the Faraday Cup (FC). The lead production is under study and a preliminary beam of 0.6 emA of Pb24+ AFG has already been obtained. The cross check of a 3D beam simulation program and measured beam characteristics enables to estimate the beam emittance to be ~ 200 mm.mrad. The project of development of an upgraded version of PHOENIX is presented (a new ECRIS named APHOENIX)

Characteristics of the injected ion beam in the ECR charge breeder 1+→n+1^{+}\to n^{+}

Different ion species (rare gases, alkali, metallic) have been injected on the axis of the MINIMAFIOS - 10 GHz - Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source which is the basics of the 1+ -> n+ method, special attention have been paid to the optics of the incoming beam for the validation of the 1+ -> n+ method for the SPIRAL project (Radioactive Ion Beam facility). The capture of the incoming ion beam by the ECR plasma depends, first, on the relative energy of the incoming ions with respect to the average ion energy in the plasma, and secondly, on the optics of the injection line. The efficiency of the process when varying the potential V n+ of the MINIMAFIOS source with respect to the potential V 1+ applied to the 1+ source (DV=V n+ -V 1+ ) is an image of the energy dispersion of the 1+ beam. 1+ -> n+ spectra efficiencies, DV efficiency dependence for the most efficient charge state obtained, and measured primary beam emittances are given for the Ar, Rb, Pb, Cr. Highest efficiencies obtained are respectively Ar1+ -> Ar8+ : 8.7 %, Rb1+ -> Rb15+ : 5.5 %, Pb 1+ -> Pb 22+ : 4.8 % , Cr 1+ -> Cr 12+ : 3.5 %. Last results obtained are given for Sulfur and Uranium

Arthurian Literature–II

Mention has already been made of the rapid decrease in the number of writers and versions in the seventeenth century—the period, indeed, in which the lowest point of Arthurian production was reached. This sudden decline in interest is amazing, and there is no direct testimony as to the cause. The suggestion has been made, that the intellectual struggles of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are accountable for this state of affairs. Possibly there were other reasons, which do not appear. The attention of the literary world was strongly drawn toward the drama during this century, and the whole subject of the construction of stage productions was fought out with a vehemence that left nothing to the imagination. As a result of this interest in the stage we find that Arthurian subjects appear for the first time in dramatic form, but in a very small number of cases. The first piece was that of John Dryden, King Arthur, or The British Worthy, which was acted and published; then Desmarres wrote La Dragonne, ou Merlin Dragon. Francis Bacon wrote The Misfortunes of Arthur, a drama based on Malory’s Morte d’Arthur. There were redactions and alterations in the following century and these probably gave the impulse for dramatic handling of the various subjects of the Arthurian tradition

Arthurian Literature

From the beginnings of Arthurian romance there has apparently been no subsidence of interest in the stories, both principal and secondary, which are connected with the name and exploits of the main character and the satellites swinging around him as a center. The production has not always been constant, nor do we find in each century reproductions of the tales and versions of the preceding century. This may be indicative of the real situation, or it may be due to the fact that all the copies of a certain version have been lost, or, if extant, still lie undiscovered in some hidden recess. The whole corpus of the literature belonging to the Arthurian cycle, and to the still more extensive one, the Celtic or Breton, must have been enormous. What relation the entire number of versions we now possess bears to the whole production will never be known. We have knowledge of certain versions which have been lost, and, in some cases, also of the names of the authors. It is the purpose of this article to determine, as well as can be done with the material available, the condition and progress of the literature and its geographical distribution, to show its chronological development, and to present the names and titles belonging to each century. Only literature, as such, will be considered, and no account will be taken here of the progress of critical literature: studies, editions, and similar productions