Chemical characterization, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of Eugenia uniflora L. and Psidium cattleianum Sabine essential oils against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii/ Caracterização química, antioxidante, citotóxica e antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais de Eugenia uniflora L. e Psidium cattleianum Sabine contra Klebsiella pneumoniae e Acinetobacter baumannii

INTRODUCTION: Eugenia uniflora L. and Psidium cattleianum Sabine essential oils (EO) can be biologically active and serve as novel sources of antibiotics for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria.METHODS: The EO of E. uniflora L. (EOE) and P. cattleianum Sabine (EOP) were extracted from de leaves of the plants and chemically characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant potential was evaluated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) technique and the cytotoxicity evaluated in mammalian VERO cell line by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The antibacterial activity of EOE and EOP was assessed by the broth microdilution method.RESULTS: The major compounds of EOE were benzofuran (24.38%), germacrene B (20.12%), ?-elemene (9.33%) and ?-cubebene (8.55%), and for EOP were ?-pinene (24.25%), ?-caryophyllene (20.45%), and eucalyptol (10.43%). Both EO tested showed low antioxidant effect and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in VERO cell line. The EOE was less toxic for the mammalian cells with an IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) index of 75.0 mg.mL-1. The EOP and EOE were more active against A. baumannii, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 14.0 and 56.0 mg.mL-1 and a minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) of 14.0 and 112.0 mg.mL-1, respectively.  CONCLUSIONS: Although EOE and EOP have low antioxidant and antibacterial activity against A. baumanni and K. pneumoniae new approaches can be applied to improve this effect in vivo.  

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Atividade antibacteriana e antibiofilme in vitro de compostos nanoparticulados frente a Acinetobacter baumannii: uma breve revisão bibliográfica

A utilização da nanotecnologia na busca por novos compostos antimicrobianos é uma estratégia potencial que vem crescendo na área da microbiologia. As nanopartículas (NP) podem ser produzidas a partir de diferentes substâncias, como metais (ouro, prata, platina...) e diferentes materiais orgânicos, como polissacarídeos e peptídeos. Resultados promissores sobre a atividade antifúngica e antibacteriana de diferentes NP já foram demonstrados em diversos estudos. Dado ao exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma breve revisão bibliográfica referente a estudos relacionados à compostos nanoparticulados dotados de atividade antibacteriana e/ou antibiofilme frente a Acinetobacter baumanni

Óleos essenciais de Cedrus atlantica, Eugenia caryophyllata e Eucalyptus citriodora e sua combinação com meropenem contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Alternativas terapêuticas naturais, como os óleos essenciais (OE), que são compostos extraídos de plantas, têm sido avaliados na busca de novos antibióticos. Essas substâncias são constituídas de diversos metabólitos secundários, principalmente terpenos, dotados de atividade antimicrobiana, inibindo ou dificultando o crescimento de micro-organismos (SEMENIUC et al., 2017). Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos OE de Cedrus atlantica, Eugenia caryophyllata e Eucalyptus citriodora, frente a cepa padrão ATCC 27853 de P. aeruginosa, bem como, avaliar o potencial sinérgico dos mesmos com o meropenem, um antibiótico da classe dos carbapenêmicos

Potencial antibacteriano de derivados azólicos e análogos de curcumina frente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Os micro-organismos resistentes à múltiplas drogas (RMD) são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública da atualidade. As doenças infecciosas causadas por bactérias RMD estão entre as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo, sendo Pseudomonas aeruginosa uma das espécies mais associadas a essas enfermidades. Considerando a escassez de alternativas terapêuticas para o tratamento de infecções por P. aeruginosa, a busca por um antimicrobiano eficaz que apresente ação frente à essa espécie e que seja seguro, é urgente. Nesse contexto, moléculas bioativas como os tiazóis e as curcuminas se destacam tornando-se uma alternativa em potencial para o combate às bactérias RMD. Dado o exposto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ação in vitro de moléculas sintéticas derivadas do composto pirazólico 1-tiocarbamoil-3,5-diaril-4,5-di-hidro-1H e de moléculas análogas da curcumina, frente a cepa padrão de P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853

Efeito do óleo essencial de Ocimum basilicum L. contra isolados clínicos de Klebsiella spp. produtores de carbapenemases (KPC)/ Effect of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil against clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. carbapenemase producers (KPC)

O controle de bactérias como Klebsiella pneumoniae produtora de carbapenemases (KPC) é bastante difícil e a busca por novos antibacterianos necessária. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Ocimum basilicum L. (OEM), como alternativa terapêutica no controle de KPC e sua citotoxicidade em células de mamífero. Dessa forma, foram avaliados 48 isolados clínicos de Klebsiella spp. confirmados como K. pneumoniae através do gene dnaA, e avaliados quanto a produção de carbapenemase (gene blaKPC e teste de Hogde). O perfil de sensibilidade dos isolados foi avaliado frente a treze diferentes antimicrobianos. O OE foi testado em concentrações variando de 1,8 a 306,6 mg.mL-1 para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração bactericida mínima (CBM), frente aos isolados de K. pneumoniae. Dos 48 isolados, 45 foram confirmados como K. pneumoniae e 15 isolados como positivos para a presença do gene blaKPC e teste de Hodge para presença da enzima carbapenemase. No teste de difusão em disco os antibacterianos meropenem e imipenem demonstraram o menor grau de resistência, enquanto as classes cefalosporinas e betalactâmicos apresentaram alta resistência. A CIM foi observada em concentrações variando de 3,6 a 131,4 mg.mL-1 nos isolados KPC, enquanto a CBM variou entre 3,6 a 306,6 mg.mL-1. O OEM demonstrou-se tóxico nas concentrações de CIM e CBM frente às células MDBK, contudo, alternativas como elaboração de nanoemulsões, podem diminuir sua citotoxicidade e potencializar sua ação antibacteriana. Os resultados obtidos são promissores e potenciais alternativas terapêuticas frente a este importante patógeno

Antibacterial Potential of Essential Oils Against Ground Beef Isolates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different EOs against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and coagulase-positive staphylococcus isolated from ground beef. The EOs had values varying from 0.78μl/mL to 100μl/mL, and the essential oil of Citrus lemon did not present any bacterial activity against the studied strains. For E. coli, the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum presented the best inhibitory activity (MIC = 0.78μl/mL to 1.56μl/mL). In Salmonella spp., the EOs of Cymbopogon citratus (MIC = 12.5μl/mL and 25.0μl/mL), C. zeylanicum (MIC = 25.0 µL/mL) and Ocimum basilicum (MIC = 6.25μl/mL, 12.5μl/mL and 50.0μl/mL) exhibited similar results. The EOs of C. zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophyllata demonstrated the lowest average values of study against coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (MIC = 3.12μl/mL, 6.25μl/mL and 12.5μl/mL). With the data obtained in the study, it can be observed the potential of EOs in the control of pathogenic food microorganisms, as well as validate future researches on the proprieties and active compounds of these products, besides the toxicity of these compounds and the possible alterations that can be caused on the food

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications