Bienestar psicológico y psicopatología : estudio de un caso de intervención en el equipo técnico y deportistas de un Club de Tenis

Due to their intensive sporting activities, athletes might not only experience positive outcomes and a state of psychological wellbeing but also a considerable amount of stress which can contribute to psychopathological states. Research into psychopathology in sport is a relatively recent field of study and investigations have focused rather narrowly on a few limited areas of study. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of psychological intervention after a young tennis player experienced a manic episode which affected the emotional wellbeing of other individuals from the same sporting environment, including the coaches and other athletes. The intervention, directed at the coaching staff and athletes, was based on the Psychological Wellbeing Model developed by Carol Ryff.Como consecuencia de la intensa participación en el deporte, los atletas no solo pueden experimentar sentimientos positivos de bienestar sino que también experimentar cantidades significativas de estrés que pueden contribuir a la psicopatología. La investigación sobre la psicopatología en el deporte es un área de estudio relativamente reciente y las investigaciones se han focalizado más estrechamente sobre algunos tópicos de estudio. El propósito de esta investigación fue dar cuenta de una intervención psicológica que se desarrollo una vez que se detecto que uno de los tenistas del equipo deportivo sufre un episodio maniáco, dado que dicha situación afectó la organización deportiva y la estabilidad emocional de entrenadores y grupo de jugadores. El enfoque de la intervención estuvo dirigida al equipo te'cnico y deportistas y se baso en el Modelo de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff

Smart CMOS image sensor for lightning detection and imaging

We present a CMOS image sensor dedicated to lightning detection and imaging. The detector has been designed to evaluate the potentiality of an on-chip lightning detection solution based on a smart sensor. This evaluation is performed in the frame of the predevelopment phase of the lightning detector that will be implemented in the Meteosat Third Generation Imager satellite for the European Space Agency. The lightning detection process is performed by a smart detector combining an in-pixel frame-to-frame difference comparison with an adjustable threshold and on-chip digital processing allowing an efficient localization of a faint lightning pulse on the entire large format array at a frequency of 1 kHz. A CMOS prototype sensor with a 256×256 pixel array and a 60 μm pixel pitch has been fabricated using a 0.35 μm 2P 5M technology and tested to validate the selected detection approach

Security Guidelines for the Development of Accessible Web Applications through the implementation of intelligent systems

Due to the significant increase in threats, attacks and vulnerabilities that affect the Web in recent years has resulted the development and implementation of tools and methods to ensure security measures in the privacy, confidentiality and data integrity of users and businesses. Under certain circumstances, despite the implementation of these tools do not always get the flow of information which is passed in a secure manner. Many of these security tools and methods cannot be accessed by people who have disabilities or assistive technologies which enable people to access the Web efficiently. Among these security tools that are not accessible are the virtual keyboard, the CAPTCHA and other technologies that help to some extent to ensure safety on the Internet and are used in certain measures to combat malicious code and attacks that have been increased in recent times on the Web. Through the implementation of intelligent systems can detect, recover and receive information on the characteristics and properties of the different tools and hardware devices or software with which the user is accessing a web application and through analysis and interpretation of these intelligent systems can infer and automatically adjust the characteristics necessary to have these tools to be accessible by anyone regardless of disability or navigation context. This paper defines a set of guidelines and specific features that should have the security tools and methods to ensure the Web accessibility through the implementation of intelligent systems

Redox Reactions in the Physiopathology of the Liver

Electron fluxes are constant within cellular metabolism. Donating or accepting electrons, either naked or as hydrogen atoms, is one of the most important properties of bioenergetic networks. These redox reactions fulfill key physiological phenomena such as cellular growing, phenotypic differentiation, nutritional adaptations and redox‐dependent cellular signaling, but when they became unregulated, serious pathologies such as degenerative diseases and metabolic disorders arise. The liver being an important metabolic organ, redox reactions play a strategic role in its main functions: processing of nutrients, fasting response, xenobiotic managing and circadian activity. However, liver is also very sensitive to compounds that disturb redox state such as ethanol, CCl4, aflatoxins, among others, as well as to stressors such as hypercaloric diets, endocrine disruptors and stressful life situations. This chapter reviews concepts related to redox reactions in the liver, including metabolic aspects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prooxidant and antioxidant subcellular systems, alterations produced by hepatotoxins, adaptations to experimental surgical protocols such as portacaval anastomosis, and participation in cancer. It is out of question that for a better comprehension of the physiopathological events in the liver and other metabolic organs, the more complete understanding of the roles played by redox reactions will be a necessity

Volatile compounds of grosella (Phyllanthus acidus [L.] Skeels) fruit

Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels es un árbol tropical pequeño, que alcanza hasta 12 m, que produce frutas grasosas de color amarillo claro en abundancia en las ramas, los que son comestibles y de sabor ácido. Esta especie es uno de los pocos miembros de la familia Euphorbiaceae que produce frutas comestibles. La pulpa ácida es usada como saborizante y para hacer jaleas. Los constituyentes volátiles de la fruta madura se aislaron por destilación-extracción simultáneas utilizando éter dietílico como disolvente y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases con detector de llama de hidrógeno y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Se identificaron 77 compuestos volátiles agrupados en: 45 terpenos, 18 ésteres, siete ácidos, cuatro aldehídos, dos fenoles y un alcohol, de los cuales 66 se encontraron por primera vez en la grosella. La concentración total de compuestos volátiles fue de 109 mg/kg de fruta fresca. De acuerdo con las clases de compuestos, los terpenos (100,1 mg/kg) y los ácidos (6,7 mg/kg) dominaron el perfil cuantitativo en las frutas, mientras que los terpenos y los ésteres lo hicieron cualitativamente. En el grupo de los terpenos se identificaron varios monoterpenos y sesquiterpenos, siendo los más representativos el epi-α-muurolol (32,9 mg/kg) y el α-cadinol (22,1 mg/kg). El ácido hexadecanoico (3,8 mg/kg) fue el compuesto mayoritario en los ácidos

Physical and functional interaction between the dopamine transporter and the synaptic vesicle protein synaptogyrin-3.

Uptake through the dopamine transporter (DAT) represents the primary mechanism used to terminate dopaminergic transmission in brain. Although it is well known that dopamine (DA) taken up by the transporter is used to replenish synaptic vesicle stores for subsequent release, the molecular details of this mechanism are not completely understood. Here, we identified the synaptic vesicle protein synaptogyrin-3 as a DAT interacting protein using the split ubiquitin system. This interaction was confirmed through coimmunoprecipitation experiments using heterologous cell lines and mouse brain. DAT and synaptogyrin-3 colocalized at presynaptic terminals from mouse striatum. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, we show that both proteins interact in live neurons. Pull-down assays with GST (glutathione S-transferase) proteins revealed that the cytoplasmic N termini of both DAT and synaptogyrin-3 are sufficient for this interaction. Furthermore, the N terminus of DAT is capable of binding purified synaptic vesicles from brain tissue. Functional assays revealed that synaptogyrin-3 expression correlated with DAT activity in PC12 and MN9D cells, but not in the non-neuronal HEK-293 cells. These changes were not attributed to changes in transporter cell surface levels or to direct effect of the protein-protein interaction. Instead, the synaptogyrin-3 effect on DAT activity was abolished in the presence of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor reserpine, suggesting a dependence on the vesicular DA storage system. Finally, we provide evidence for a biochemical complex involving DAT, synaptogyrin-3, and VMAT2. Collectively, our data identify a novel interaction between DAT and synaptogyrin-3 and suggest a physical and functional link between DAT and the vesicular DA system

Hacia la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento: Informe 2013

La importancia de este Informe anual del Prosic: “Hacia la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento en Costa Rica, 2013” radica entre otros elementos, en la exploración de dimensiones diversas concernientes a esta nueva era del saber, a la innovación y a la incorporación de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en la interacción social cotidiana, tanto en el ámbito privado como público; en general en todos los sectores de esta sociedad cada vez en mayor convergencia. Desde hace ocho años el Prosic realiza un informe anual, sobre cómo se ha ido desarrollando las nuevas tecnologías; hemos dado cuenta de las profundas transformaciones que ha tenido la sociedad costarricense gracias a las TIC y por eso consideramos importante hacer un recuento de los diversos temas tratados. Desde el primer informe 2006 hasta este 2013 hemos trabajado en temas básicos como la Brecha Digital, Infraestructura, Conectividad, Gobierno Digital, Marco Institucional y Regulatorio; Acceso y Uso y la Industria TIC.UCR::Rectoría::Programa Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento (PROSIC

Análise da dinâmica de modelos de duopólio sob políticas de retroalimentação de estado chaveadas

Investigates the effect of competitive advertising policies in a proposed class of duopoly dynamic models, inspired on the classical Vidale-Wolfe model. A basic assumption is that the firm with a lower market share than its target market share level switches on an extra control effort in its attempt to reach and surpass its competitor. Dynamical patterns of the proposed models, subject to competitive advertising policies which are based on the observed state variable, are investigated. An associated performance index is calculated. This index in conjunction with the qualitative analysis of the dynamics should guide the management decision on advertising spending.Analisa a utilização de políticas competitivas de publicidade em uma classe proposta de modelos dinâmicos de duopólio, inspirados no modelo clássico Vidale-Wolfe. Uma suposição básica é de que a empresa com uma menor participação no mercado chaveia para um controle que utiliza um esforço extra para alcançar a firma concorrente. Investigam-se padrões de dinâmica dos modelos propostos, sujeitos a políticas de publicidades competitivas baseadas nas variáveis de estado observadas, calculando-se um índice de desempenho associado. Mostra-se como utilizar este índice em conjunção com a análise qualitativa da dinâmica para prever o resultado de um determinado cenário, para eventual tomada de decisão