Care concept in medical and nursing students' descriptions: philosophical approach and implications for medical education

Introduction. Care is seen as something that is peculiar to the medical sciences but its meaning and status for physicians and nurses differs. Objectives. The aim of this research was to learn how nursing and medical students understand and define care, and how their definition and views on their practice of caring change as they advance through their studies. Material and methods. The study was conducted among two groups of students: before and after their first practicum (n=102). Analysis of the students' answers was carried out using Colaizzi's phenomenological descriptive methodology, which means that a qualitative approach was used. Results. The qualitative analysis shows that the medical and nursing students define care in the same way, using 9 main categories: compassion, commitment, competence, confidence, conscience, communication, patience, courage and support. The nursing students viewed their caring to be within both practical and emotional dimensions and this was a core feature of their identity as nurses. Medical students, on the other hand, viewed the practical dimension of care as an additional activity. All the students in the study underlined the importance of having time to care and showed that, for them, 'time' in this context has a moral meaning. What was interesting to the research team centered on the initial attitudes to 'caring' from both medical and nursing students. Conclusions. We found that students of both nursing and medicine do not begin their studies with different attitudes and concepts of care. However, after their initial exposure to practical placements a process begins which forges different identities around the concept of care. This implies trends in the division of professional roles during their initial education

Posteriori estimation of teaching and learning process

У статті розглядується питання застосування технології апостеріорного оцінювання навчально-пізнавальної діяльності студентів. Результати апостеріорного оцінювання надають важливу інформацію про ефективність викладання викладачеві та навчальному закладу.В статье рассматривается вопрос использования технологии апостериорного оценивания учебно-познавательной деятельности студентов. Результаты апостериорного оценивания предоставляют важную информацию об эффективности преподавания преподавателю и учебному заведению.The question about the development and application of technology posterior estimation of teaching and educational activity of the students, is considered at the article. Posteriori estimation results provide important information about the performance of teaching and teacher education institutions

Chapter Configuration Logic of Standard Business Processes for Inter-Company Order Management

Space scienc

Configuration Logic of Standard Business Processes for Inter-Company Order Management

Space scienc

Understanding Variation in Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN PKOs: The Role of Military, Police, and Civilian Peacekeepers

Apart from perpetuating human rights violations in fragile contexts, sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) in UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) reduces the international community\u27s ability to pursue peacebuilding missions, threatens the legitimacy of ongoing missions, and undermines gender equality efforts in the host country. While previous research has investigated patterns of SEA violations by peacekeepers, most studies limit their focus on abuses by military and police personnel. This study expands on these studies by examining SEA violations committed by civilian peacekeepers in addition to military and police personnel, as well as separately. I argue that several other determinants beyond military attributes account for SEA in UN PKOs, particularly determinants which address the relationships peacekeeping personnel have with local communities. Using original data on over a thousand SEA allegations by various UN personnel from 2007 to 2020, my findings show substantial variation across military, civilian, and police SEA allegations in PKOs. Specifically, the results suggest that the presence of international civilian staff in PKOs raises the likelihood of civilian perpetuated SEA while decreasing the likelihood of military perpetuated offenses. Female peacekeepers are found to have a greater impact in decreasing civilian and police SEA, a trend not found when considering military perpetuated SEA. Military SEA appears to decrease when there is high conflict activity in PKOs but increases when levels of sexual violence during the conflicts increase. High levels of sexual violence during conflict, on the other hand, are associated with fewer abuses by civilian personnel. Overall, the findings support the idea that SEA varies across personnel categories and has significant implications for policymaking and peacebuilding processes in PKOs and beyond

Metonimie Zagłady : o polskiej prozie lat 1987-2012

The book discusses the relations of the modern Polish prose with the extermination of Jews. The author puts forward a hypothesis that the relations are only supposed as a worrying background of the events other than the Holocaust. She calls these types of relations a “metonymy of extermination” by which she understands both rhetoric linguistic solutions and broader semantic figures making it easier to present the “unpresentable”, namely echoes, chips and aberrations of Auschwitz. The publication thoroughly discusses prose by Ewa Kuryluk, Magdalena Tulli, Olga Tokarczuk, Stefan Chwin, Paweł Huelle, Mikołaj Łoziński, Agnieszka Kłos, Janusz Głowacki and many other writers that took a standpoint on the role of the extermination in the modern culture, and Polish‑Jewish relations between 1987 and 2012. Though their works (on this topic) are not a part of mainstream, but the off voice, the voice of “secondary” writers. The very book supplements a critical and literary literature on the topic being the first broad interpretation of a new prose created as an answer to publications by Jan Tomasz Gross and social excitement, sealed by films by Agnieszka Holland and Władysław Pasikowski. Thus, it contains remarks on the Polish movie, art and popculture. Metonymies of extermination… is an attempt to discuss styles of disclosing and exposing extermination in the Polish prose after 1987, them being a language far from rhetoric and historiography. It is also an attempt to check if extermination can be a subject‑matter of a critical and literary book

Proza Leo Lipskiego : poetyka i egzystencja

Tematem pracy Proza Leo Lipskiego. Poetyka i egzystencja jest nie tylko próba określenia stylu i języka tego pisarstwa oraz jego kompozycji, lecz także odkrycie takich jego odniesień, dzięki którym lektura prozy Lipskiego przyniosłaby efekt „spójności uwzględniającej szwy”. Terminu „spójność” używam tu w znaczeniu „międzytekstowej” cykliczności i łączliwości. Szukam zatem nie tylko „wewnątrztekstowych” spoiw utworów Lipskiego, pokazując, w jakie związki wchodzą ze sobą, lecz również ich relacji intertekstualnych. Dzięki temu ujawnia się całe bogactwo odniesień prozy Lipskiego do europejskiej literatury modernistycznej

Zagłada jako klisza fabularna : o narracji Mariana Pankowskiego "Była Żydówka, nie ma Żydówki"

In the article I describe a brief history of presence and reception of the issue of Holocaust in Polish prose. If I broaden the last period of it (embracing 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century), I only do it in order to show a radical shift towards “rhetorizing” the Shoah. I therefore treat Pankowski’s narration (published in 2008) as a final effect of rendering the phenomenon of Holocaust in less and less “documental” way in literature, which has lead to making the phenomenon its own opposite, that is – most of all, a literary text. After analyzing the rhetoric of There Was a Jewish Girl, There Is No Jewish Girl, I present the more important phenomenon, which is the author of Rudolf’s disabling of anti-Semitic stereotypes with the great load of farce. As a kind of critical reconnaissance, the article anticipates serious changes in the linguistic image of the Shoah in the Polish prose of last years

All exclusive. Retrorynek w "Fabryce muchołapek" i "Rewersie" Andrzeja Barta

Apart from discussing Andrzej Bart’s prose (from Człowiek, na którego nie szczekały psy to Rewers) Marta Cuber makes a detailed analysis of several selected motifs which, according to her, are important for understanding the phenomenon of popularity the very literature experiences. Except for bringing a critical-literary reception of the first books of the author of Pociąg do podróży closer, Marta Cuber places considerations on the reasons of an increased interest with Bart after publishing Fabryka muchołapek, verifies critical opinions on Rien ne va plus, relates popularity of Fabryka muchołapek to a change that happened in Polish collective awareness after the release of Sąsiedzi by Jan Tomasz Gross. The author reads Bart’s next novel, i.e. Rewers, differently. She is interested in relations that prose has with the aesthetics of retro and vintage, as well as the movie based on Bart’s novel directed by Borys Lankosz. Instead of conclusions, Marta Cuber proposes a synthesis of motifs particularly often exposed by the writer. The case in point is food consumed by the characters, menu, culinary recipes and dishes. Basically, Marta Cuber pays attention to relations between Andrzej Bart’s works and the past, and their aesthetic-factographic value.Apart from discussing Andrzej Bart’s prose (from Człowiek, na którego nie szczekały psy to Rewers) Marta Cuber makes a detailed analysis of several selected motifs which, according to her, are important for understanding the phenomenon of popularity the very literature experiences. Except for bringing a critical-literary reception of the first books of the author of Pociąg do podróży closer, Marta Cuber places considerations on the reasons of an increased interest with Bart after publishing Fabryka muchołapek, verifies critical opinions on Rien ne va plus, relates popularity of Fabryka muchołapek to a change that happened in Polish collective awareness after the release of Sąsiedzi by Jan Tomasz Gross. The author reads Bart’s next novel, i.e. Rewers, differently. She is interested in relations that prose has with the aesthetics of retro and vintage, as well as the movie based on Bart’s novel directed by Borys Lankosz. Instead of conclusions, Marta Cuber proposes a synthesis of motifs particularly often exposed by the writer. The case in point is food consumed by the characters, menu, culinary recipes and dishes. Basically, Marta Cuber pays attention to relations between Andrzej Bart’s works and the past, and their aesthetic-factographic value

Mud sediments on anal pyramids of Libellula quadrimaculata larvae – accidental phenomenon or bioindicator of heavy metal pollution? (Odonata: Libellulidae)

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