Muzyka i muzycy w dokumentach Kanoników Regularnych Laterańskich (1781–1861)

The author of the article has analyzed protocols (files) of the general chapters as well as protocols from visitations to monasteries of the Canons Regular of the Lateran (CRL) in the Kraków Province between 1781 and 1861. The protocols are currently in the archives of the Pauline Fathers in Częstochowa (ms. 253 and ms. 254), where they were placed after the dissolution of monasteries ordered by the Russian authorities following the January Uprising. This article centers on topics related to music which are present in the documents mentioned above. The author identified the following two topics: A) performance of liturgical music; B) people involved in the music culture: Gregorian chant teachers, organists as well as anonymous figures. Several dozen notes in both manuscripts demonstrate concern of the Canons Regular for the quality of music in their monasteries.The author of the article has analyzed protocols (files) of the general chapters as well as protocols from visitations to monasteries of the Canons Regular of the Lateran (CRL) in the Kraków Province between 1781 and 1861. The protocols are currently in the archives of the Pauline Fathers in Częstochowa (ms. 253 and ms. 254), where they were placed after the dissolution of monasteries ordered by the Russian authorities following the January Uprising. This article centers on topics related to music which are present in the documents mentioned above. The author identified the following two topics: A) performance of liturgical music; B) people involved in the music culture: Gregorian chant teachers, organists as well as anonymous figures. Several dozen notes in both manuscripts demonstrate concern of the Canons Regular for the quality of music in their monasteries

Rola zgody w znamionach przestępstwa zgwałcenia

The article offers a renewed analysis of the role of consent in the structure of the offence of rape in the context of the amendment to Article 197 § 1 of the Criminal Code introduced by the Act of 28 June 2024 amending the Criminal Code and certain other statutes, which adds the element of “lack of consent.” The author argues that this change does not introduce any genuine normative novelty and that its justification is based on a misreading of the requirements of the Istanbul Convention. The problem was not the absence of the concept of consent in the provision, but rather the overly narrow interpretation of the elements constituting the prohibited act of rape. As a result, the amendment does not eliminate existing interpretative difficulties but instead reproduces them, while also posing a risk of violating the principle of nullum crimen sine lege and thereby weakening the guarantee function of criminal law. The author proposes that, instead of multiplying vague statutory elements, solutions should be sought in a correct interpretation of the elements of the offence, one that corresponds to social evaluations.Artykuł stanowi ponowną analizę roli zgody w strukturze przestępstwa zgwałcenia w kontekście nowelizacji art. 197 § 1 kodeksu karnego z 2024 r., wprowadzającej znamię „braku zgody”. Autor wskazuje, że zmiana ta nie wprowadza rzeczywistej nowości normatywnej, a jej uzasadnienie opiera się na błędnym odczytaniu wymogów Konwencji Stambulskiej. Problemem nie był brak pojęcia zgody w przepisie, lecz zbyt wąskie interpretowanie znamion. W efekcie nowelizacja nie usuwa, lecz powiela istniejące trudności interpretacyjne, niosąc przy tym ryzyko naruszenia zasady nullum crimen sine lege oraz przez to osłabienia funkcji gwarancyjnej prawa karnego. Autor proponuje, aby zamiast mnożenia nieostrych znamion ustawowych, poszukiwać rozwiązania w prawidłowej wykładni znamion, odpowiadającej ocenom społecznym. W końcowej części artykułu rozwinięta zostaje koncepcja „standardu moralnego” jako elementu funkcji gwarancyjnej, wskazująca na konieczność zgodności prawa karnego z intuicjami moralnymi społeczeństwa

Unikatowe nabożeństwo jutrzni na uroczystość Bożego Narodzenia

The Morning Prayer of the Christmas” – performed usually before the Shepherd’s Mass – is a unique devotion which prepares for the immediate celebration of the Nativity of the Lord. The structure of this devotion is based partially on the Liturgy of the Hours but the texts and melodies represent a folk tradition. The eldest known version of its text is from the first part of the XIX century (handwritten Kancjonał z Ligoty from 1832). The first known music written to the text is from the second part of the XIX century (Chorał do Kancjonału ks. Janusza from 1873). There is a superficial analogy between the Catholic devotion of „The Morning Prayer of the Christmas” and a popular Protestant matins, but they are essentially different. Nevertheless in both cases they express a strong devotional tradition popular, mainly, among the Christian communities of the Cieszyn Silesia.The Morning Prayer of the Christmas” – performed usually before the Shepherd’s Mass – is a unique devotion which prepares for the immediate celebration of the Nativity of the Lord. The structure of this devotion is based partially on the Liturgy of the Hours but the texts and melodies represent a folk tradition. The eldest known version of its text is from the first part of the XIX century (handwritten Kancjonał z Ligoty from 1832). The first known music written to the text is from the second part of the XIX century (Chorał do Kancjonału ks. Janusza from 1873). There is a superficial analogy between the Catholic devotion of „The Morning Prayer of the Christmas” and a popular Protestant matins, but they are essentially different. Nevertheless in both cases they express a strong devotional tradition popular, mainly, among the Christian communities of the Cieszyn Silesia

Ubóstwo rodzin w Polsce wyzwaniem dla Kościoła

Economic and social conditions of families are diverse. There are a lot of families of upper and middle class in Poland. According to the report of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) of 2014 entitled: The living conditions of families in Poland there are families in Poland which suffer poverty and are not able to secure even basic needs of their members. It particularly regards children. These families, regardless the causes of their poverty, represent a main challenge for the social services, but also for the Church. Besides material, mental and social needs the Church seeks also to meet spiritual needs of the members of these families. The problem of this study can be summarized in the question: how serious is the problem of poverty among families in Poland and how the Church can support them in the process of overcoming poverty and its consequences? In addition some proposals will be presented regarding ecclesiastical development aid for children from dysfunctional families.Economic and social conditions of families are diverse. There are a lot of families of upper and middle class in Poland. According to the report of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) of 2014 entitled: The living conditions of families in Poland there are families in Poland which suffer poverty and are not able to secure even basic needs of their members. It particularly regards children. These families, regardless the causes of their poverty, represent a main challenge for the social services, but also for the Church. Besides material, mental and social needs the Church seeks also to meet spiritual needs of the members of these families. The problem of this study can be summarized in the question: how serious is the problem of poverty among families in Poland and how the Church can support them in the process of overcoming poverty and its consequences? In addition some proposals will be presented regarding ecclesiastical development aid for children from dysfunctional families