Investigation of effect of propulsion system installation and operation on aerodynamics of an airbreathing hypersonic airplane at Mach 0.3 to 1.2

Results from an investigation of the effects of the operation of a combined turbojet/scramjet propulsion system on the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/60-scale hypersonic airbreathing launch vehicle configuration are presented. Decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide were used for simulation of the propulsion system exhaust

A parametric experimental investigation of a scramjet nozzle at Mach 6 with Freon and argon or air used for exhaust simulation

A parametric experimental investigation of a scramjet nozzle was conducted with a gas mixture used to simulate the scramjet engine exhaust flow at a free-stream Reynolds number of approximately 6.5 x 10(exp 6) per foot. External nozzle surface angles of 16, 20, and 24 deg were tested with a fixed-length ramp and for cowl internal surface angles of 6 and 12 deg. Pressure data on the external nozzle surface were obtained for mixtures of Freon and argon gases with a ratio of specific heats of about 1.23, which matches that of a scramjet exhaust. Forces and moments were determined by integration of the pressure data. Two nozzle configurations were also tested with air used to simulate the exhaust flow. On the external nozzle surface, lift and thrust forces for air exhaust simulation were approximately half of those for Freon-argon exhaust simulation and the pitching moment was approximately a third. These differences were primarily due to the difference in the ratios of specific heats between the two exhaust simulation gases. A 20 deg external surface angle produced the greatest thrust for a 6 deg cowl internal surface angle. A flow fence significantly increased lift and thrust forces over those for the nozzle without a flow fence

Law Enforcement Officers and the Domestic Violence Advocacy Referral Process

Domestic violence incidents impact the daily activities of the law enforcement agencies responsible for responding to these calls for service. Legislators and law enforcement leaders have expended countless hours, staffing, and finances to adequately protect the victims of domestic violence. In Virginia, an essential component of protecting victims of domestic violence involves the referral process, used by law enforcement officers to connect victims of domestic violence to domestic violence advocacy groups. The Code of Virginia and law enforcement agencies receiving accreditation through the Virginia Law Enforcement Professional Standards Commission (VLEPSC) require these referrals. There is available research regarding the referral process at metropolitan law enforcement agencies across the United States. However, there is a gap regarding how Virginia law enforcement officers employed with VLEPSC-accredited agencies serving populations less than 50,000 describe their experiences and the navigation of the referral process. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews to assess the perspectives of 15 law enforcement officers who served in a full-time capacity and were responsible for investigating domestic violence incidents reported to the Goochland County Sheriff’s Office, Greene County Sheriff’s Office, King George County Sheriff’s Office, Winchester Police Department, and the Woodstock Police Department. This study found the following: (a) rural law enforcement officers struggle with the strict level of confidentiality advocacy services, (b) it is imperative for law enforcement officers to take an active role in their education regarding the domestic violence process, and (c) rural law enforcement officers need extended training regarding domestic violence

Conodonts from the Quadrant Shales of Montana

Conodonts have not been known to exist in Montana prior to the discovery of the specimens discussed and described in this paper. With this fact in mind, the author has endeavored to correlate the species of seven genera found in the Quadrant formation of Montana with similar micro-organisms from other North American areas

The recognition and application of security risk management in corporate governance

Security as a profession and discipline has emerged principally in the later half of the twentieth century and has developed to become a more defined, usual, respectable and visual part of management. This study aimed to determine the degree of recognition and application of security risk management to corporate governance practices in Australia. Formal research design used descriptive research methodology, consisting of a literature review, primary document analysis and a questionnaire survey to collect data. This research was contrasted to a Corporate Governance Security Model formulated to determine if the model is applicable to the recognition, or application, of a security function to the Australian Stock Exchange (\u27ASX\u27) Corporate Governance principles. A major finding of this study is that security functions and responsibilities are poorly recognised and documented by Australia\u27s largest public company boards. A majority of directors will have no experience or qualifications in security risk management and this is likely to be reflected down through the organisation resulting in low to medium security awareness and culture. Corporate governance statements from companies listed on the ASX/S&P 200 strongly suggests that security related risks are not widely considered as part of the corporate governance framework. With limited application of security in the corporate governance framework, there is less focus on security related behaviour within the codes of conduct held by a majority of public companies. This can have an adverse impact on corporate ethics, internal controls and crisis response capabilities. The study developed a model which implements security risk management functions to the corporate governance framework in order to formally recognise and promote effective management of security risk and compliance. Applying security as a business process to support long term revenue was found to benefit corporate reputation and compliments other risk and business management practices. Security of information and confidentiality is enhanced to encourage reports of misconduct within the company, generating a security and reporting culture. Security functions are currently limited to form part of internal controls within the operating environment and generally viewed as a cost centre which does not contribute to revenue. Security functions are not holistically applied across the organisation or within the corporate governance framework. There are a number of recommendations resulting from the study and are primarily concerned with the continued need for research into the application and recognition of security within the hierarchy of executive and business management

Empirical example of tradeoffs between teaching and research

Continuing public pressure on major research universities has caused a reevaluation of the balance between teaching and research. The preeminence of research is being questioned, and the focus on teaching and credit hour generation has been stated to be dominant at many institutions. Many states have begun to fund programs based on enrollment or credit hours generated, causing significant changes in the orientation of academic programs at Research I institutions. These changes in funding and philosophy suggest that research productivity may decline, and teaching quantities should increase

Computational and experimental evidence on reaction mechanisms of oxidized sulfur-containing compounds in ground and excited states

This dissertation concerns the elucidation of certain reaction mechanisms of sulfoxides, sulfinyl derivatives, and sulfones by means of thermal chemical studies, photochemical studies, and computational quantum chemical studies. The transition states for the syn-elimination (Ei) of sulfoxides, sulfinyl derivatives, and suffones to form olefins were investigated via gas-phase kinetics and by high-level ab initio methods. Several substituent effects were evaluated for the sulfoxide elimination. Sulfones and sulfinate esters were new molecules shown to undergo the Ei reaction. Deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIE) were investigated experimentally and computationally for methyl 3-phenylpropyl sulfoxide (240°--300°C) and methyl 3-phenylpropyl sulfone (500°--550°C). For both the sulfoxide and sulfone, a significant KIE was determined (kH/kD ~ 2.0 for both molecules). The barriers for elimination are in the order sulfones \u3e sulfinate esters ~ sulfoxides. The ab initio methods were shown to accurately reproduce experimental activation barriers.;The excited state potentials of H2SO and DMSO were evaluated computationally to better understand the photostereomutation process. Multiconfigurational ab initio methods (CASSCF and MCQDPT) with large basis sets were employed for this study. Several excited state structures were found to be stationary points on the lowest two excited potentials. A T-shaped geometry without chirality at sulfur was found. It is lower in energy than the vertical geometry and may be reached without barrier. This possible mechanism for stereomutation is reminiscent of olefin photoisomerization. This suggests that sulfoxide photo-racemization can occur without C-S bond cleavage and recombination.;The photo-assisted reduction of alkyl aryl and diaryl sulfoxides to produce the corresponding sulfides was examined. The effect of electron donors (methoxide, amines, carbazoles, phosphines, and others), solvent (protic versus aprotic), ions (halides) was studied. Methoxide, aryl amines, carbazoles and alkyl phosphines in methanol were found to be efficient in reducing sulfoxides. The reduction did not occur with halide ions. Aprotic solvents tended to stop or slow severely the reduction. The reduction was discovered to also occur by directing the light absorption into carbazoles and anilines. Yields of up to 80% of the sulfide are obtained and quantum yields are in the 0.3--0.4 range for the above systems