Globalisation: Recent traits and challenges

This special issue gathers together twelve papers that revisit a range of core topics in the field of international economics. These papers were presented at the XIX Conference on International Economics (CIE) held in Vila‐Real (Spain) on 28th–29th June 2018. The Conference was co‐organized by researchers from the Spanish Association of International Economics and Finance (AEEFI) and the Institute of International Economics (IEI). The selected papers are stimulating pieces that shed new light on recent trends in globalization as well as some of the main challenges that need to be faced in the presence of the multiple yield curves that emerged after the credit crunch. The CIE also included two keynote lectures by Laura Alfaro (Harvard Business School) and Gabriel Quirós (IMF) as well as 64 selected contributions

Exportaciones y crecimiento económico: Un análisis de causalidad para México

We analyze the Granger causal relationship between openness and economic growth in Mexico. The results obtained indicate the absence of a causal relationship among different categories of exports and growth, for the period 1983-1997. Nevertheless, it has been identified a significant positive causal relationship between the growth of imports, both in total and intermediate goods and the growth of output. Thus, the outcomes of this study suggest that even though the trade liberalization process has influenced positively economic growth, it has not only been through the theoretical gains associated to the export sector expansion. The positive effects have gone beyond that. They have been generated by both, favourable economic conditions related to the openness process and growth of exports which has provided the necessary foreign exchange earnings to finance the imports of intermediate goods.

Homeward Bound FDI: Are Migrants a Bridge over Trouble Finance?

Migrants can lower cross-border investment barriers, help investors by providing information about their homeland and reduce transaction costs by sharing expertise on regulations, customs and procedures. In addition to generating these well-known networking effects, migrants can also provide valuable information about local finance, thereby easing the credit constraints foreign investors faced during the 2007 financial crisis. This paper sheds new light on the underlying mechanisms through which migration may affect foreign investment in the migrant's homeland by distinguishing between the effects on FDI's intensive and extensive margins. Gravity estimates for 140 countries for the period 2003–2012 suggest that migrants exert a positive effect on bilateral FDI. However, financial constraints moderate this effect, primarily through the extensive margin. Additionally, quantile regression reveals that the interaction between migration and credit constraints is significant only for the lower levels of FDI. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the interplay among migration, financial constraints and FDI.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (ECO2011-27619; ECO2014-58975-P; ECO2015-68057-R), Pla de Promociói de la Inves- tigació, Universitat Jaume I (P1.1B2013-22) and from the Catholic University of Valencia (PRUCV/2015/652). They are also indebted to valuable comments from an anonymous referee as well as Frederic Docquier, Amandine Aubry, Farid Toubal and the participants at the 4th Meeting of International Economics organized by the Instituto de Economía Internacional (Universitat Jaume I of Castellón, September 2015

Clusters in foreign-born vs. native self-employment in Europe: do we look alike?

This is an original manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Applied Economics Letters on 2022, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2022.2130861.In this paper, we analyse the existence of clusters in self-employment rates, segregating by place of birth, i.e. native vs foreign-born, in a group of 17 European countries. The analysis suggests that natives behave differently in peripheral and core countries, whereas their foreign-born self-employed counterparts show a similar behaviour irrespective of the characteristics of the recipient economy. These findings augment the scant available evidence about this topic in Europe (as most previous studies have focused on the United States) and confirm the existence of important differences in the entrepreneurial skills and mindset of native and migrant populations.This work was supported by the Universitat Jaume I (Grant number UJI-B2019-15); Generalitat Valenciana (Grant numbers AICO2021/005 and CIAICO/2021/006), and from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grant number RTI2018-100983-B-100, MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU)

Migration and fdi: the role of job skills

Using a multi-country gravity framework, this paper models and quantifies the relevance of migrants' job position in fostering Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). High-skilled migrants are defined as those individuals born in the investors' home/host country occupying managerial or professional positions in the host/home country of investment. Our estimates show that higher shares of migrants with management skills in a given country promote FDI into that country. In contrast, an increase in the share of migrants in non-qualified positions (regardless of their educational attainment) has a negative impact on FDI decisions. These findings highlight that the FDI-enhancing effect of migrants is related to a shift in their skill composition due to their occupation. We test our model on a new global panel data set of Greenfield bilateral investment with a wide variety of specifications, both at the extensive and intensive margins. Additionally, we provide new insights into the mechanisms by which migration influences FDI flows, with particular attention to the relevance of FDI level and activity

Energy intensity and investment ownership across Chinese provinces

The main objective of this paper is to investigate whether openness and investment ownership are key factors in explaining the diffusion of energy-saving technologies in China. Compared with previous studies, the novel aspect of this work is the use of a rich dataset at provincial level, which allows the high level of regional heterogeneity to be taken into consideration. The unbalanced regional growth has been translated into differences in the need for energy resources across the vast territory of China. A detailed analysis of these issues may provide new insights into the energy situation in this country. The analysis is also disaggregated by type of energy: coal, electricity and petroleum. We estimate the models by panel-corrected standard errors, developed by Beck and Katz (1995), over the period 1985–2008. Results obtained confirm the hypothesis that both foreign and non-state investments play a leading role in the decline of energy intensity across Chinese regions, whereas there is no evidence of a positive contribution of state investment. The findings also reveal differences in energy intensity across regions, thus confirming the importance of accounting for the regional dimension when analyzing energy consumption in China

Chromatographic Fingerprinting Enables Effective Discrimination and Identitation of High-Quality Italian Extra-Virgin Olive Oils

The research was supported by Progetto Ager.Fondazioni in rete per la ricerca agroalimentare. Project acronym Violin. Valorization of Italian olive products through innovative analytical tools; years 2016-2021.The challenging process of high-quality food authentication takes advantage of highly informative chromatographic fingerprinting and its identitation potential. In this study, the unique chemical traits of the complex volatile fraction of extra-virgin olive oils from Italian production are captured by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry and explored by pattern recognition algorithms. The consistent realignment of untargeted and targeted features of over 73 samples, including oils obtained by different olive cultivars (n = 24), harvest years (n = 3), and processing technologies, provides a solid foundation for sample identification and discrimination based on production region (n = 6). Through a dedicated multivariate statistics workflow, identitation is achieved by two-level partial least-square (PLS) regression, which highlights region diagnostic patterns accounting between 58 and 82 of untargeted and targeted compounds, while sample classification is performed by sequential application of soft independent modeling for class analogy (SIMCA) models, one for each production region. Samples are correctly classified in five of the six single-class models, and quality parameters [i.e., sensitivity, specificity, precision, efficiency, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] are equal to 1.00.Progetto Ager.Fondazioni in rete per la ricerca agroalimentar

Estilos de vida de los profesionales de enfermería del Hospital Central FAP, Lima 2009

Determina los estilos de vida de los profesionales de enfermería del Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea. El material y método que se utilizó en el presente estudio fue descriptivo de corte transversal, nivel aplicativo, tipo cuantitativo. La población estuvo conformada por 80 enfermeros, la técnica fue la encuesta, y el instrumento el cuestionario. Los resultados de 80 (100%) que se obtuvieron fueron que el personal profesional de enfermería del Hospital Central FAP lleven un estilo de vida saludable 45 (56.3%) y 35 (43.7%) estilos de vida no saludable, se debe mantener una dieta nutritiva y equilibrada, control del autodominio para no fumar, el aumento de los niveles de actividad física es una prioridad inmediata, adoptar hábitos saludables para prevenir enfermedades cardiovasculares. En la dimensión biológico 43 (46.2%) no saludable. En la dimensión psicosocial, 47 (58.8%) tienen un estilo de vida no saludable. Por tanto, se concluye que se debe propiciar un ambiente libre de humo, nutrición saludable, control, pero en otras medidas disminuir la recarga laboral en otra institución por el riesgo que ocasiona, descanso insuficiente, falta de ejercicio y alimentación inadecuada por lo que afectaría su salud, una mala alimentación perjudica a nuestro estado de salud, enfatizar y concientizar en la prevención y promoción de la salud a través de la educación continua.Trabajo académic

Estrés laboral y desempeño docente de la RED educativa Virgen del Carmen Carhuapata - Lircay 2015

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado: “Estrés laboral y desempeño docente de la red educativa “Virgen del Carmen” Carhuapata – Lircay 2015, tubo como problema a investigar:¿Cuál es la relación que existe entre el Estrés laboral y el desempeño docente de la red educativa “Virgen del Carmen” de Carhuapata, Lircay - 2015?, el objetivo establecer la relación que existe entre el Estrés laboral y el desempeño docente, la hipótesis planteada fue existe una relación directa y significativa entre el Estrés laboral y el desempeño docente de la red educativa Virgen del Carmen de Carhuapata - Lircay 2015. El tipo de investigación, básica, No experimental, diseño correlacional de corte transversal. Se empleo el método científico como método general y como método específico el descriptivo, la muestra no probabilística constituido por 27 docentes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Para medir el estrés laboral se usó el cuestionario de estrés académico del Dr. Arturo Barraza Macías (2014), experto en investigación educativa, tal instrumento evalúa cinco dimensiones: Situaciones inquietantes por el estrés, Reacciones Físicas relacionadas al estrés, Reacciones Psicológicas relacionadas al estrés, Reacciones comportamentales relacionadas al estrés y Afrontamiento al estrés. Para medir el Desempeño docente, es el inventario de estrés para maestros, que evalúa cuatro dimensiones: Responsabilidad en el cumplimiento de sus funciones laborales, Dominio científico y tecnológico, Formación en valores éticos y Relaciones interpersonales con la comunidad educativa, ambos instrumentos tienen escala ordinal, con 5 respuestas 1=Nunca, 2= Rara Vez, 3=Algunas Veces, 4= Casi Siempre y 5= Siempre. Se usó la prueba estadística Tau_b de Kendall, para hallar la relación y para determinar la significancia se halló el P Valor y también se usó la T de Student para contrastar la hipótesis. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran la existencia de una relación directa débil entre El Estrés laboral y el desempeño docente de la red educativa Virgen del Carmen de Carhuapata Lircay