Freizeit bei Erwachsenen mit Blindheit und Sehbehinderung

Die vorliegende Arbeit dokumentiert eine Erhebung unter Erwachsenen mit Blindheit und Sehbehinderung hinsichtlich ihrer Freizeitgestaltung und damit verbundenen Themen wie Annahmen in der Gesellschaft und Vorurteile. Bis dato gibt es zu genau diesem Thema keine Untersuchungen. Diese Diplomarbeit ist als empirische Studie angelegt. Mittels leitfadenorientierten Interviews wurden fünf Erwachsene mit Blindheit und Sehbehinderung als RepräsentantInnen aller Erwachsenen mit Blindheit und Sehbehinderung befragt. Der spezielle Fokus liegt dabei auf deren Erfahrungen und Erlebnissen in ihrer Freizeit bzw. deren Gestaltung. Als Einstieg dazu findet vorher eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Begriff „Freizeit“ statt. Im Zuge dessen werden auch Themen wie Behinderung, Einstellungen der Gesellschaft, Sehbehinderung und Blindheit bearbeitet. Abschließend werden diese mit den Ergebnissen der Interviews verglichen. Die Arbeit enthält auch eine kurze Skizzierung der Forschungsmethode, um den LeserInnen einen Einblick in die Planung und Durchführung der Untersuchung zu gewähren

Basic characteristics of microhabitats of snake-eyed skink (Ablepharus kitaibelii) in Western Hungary

Following the rediscovery after 200 years of A. k. fitzingeri in 2017, we carried out data collection its habitats regarding vegetation, microclimate, and soil on two prominent dolomite hills of the Eastern Bakony. Data collections were carried out in habitat mosaics (xerothermic forest edges on the plateaus, karst shrub forests in south-facing exposure, dry grasslands among forest patches on the plateaus, rocky grasslands in south-facing exposure) of three sampling blocks. Vegetation was examined by phytosociological relevés, microclimate from April to November continuously by TMS-2 dataloggers, and soil by laboratory analyses focused mainly on percentage of different fractions. According to our results a) shrub forests with a south-facing exposure provide a cooler microclimate in the spring–early summer and late summer–early autumn periods; b) plateau grasslands and shrubs are characterised by looser soil structure. Based on our results, heterogeneous habitat character of forest–grassland mosaics of the Pannonicum can mitigate the expected negative effects of climate change on reptiles.Leta 2017 so po 200 letih ponovno našli vrsto A. k. fitzingeri, zato smo izvedli raziskavo o njenem habitatu: vegetaciji, mikroklimi in tleh na dveh dolomitnih vzpetinah v vzhodnem delu pokrajine Bakony. Podatke smo zbirali v habitatnem mozaiku (kserotermni gozdni robovi na platojih, kraški grmičasti gozdovi na južnih pobočjih, suha travišča med gozdnimi zaplatami na platojih, kamnita travišča na južnih pobočjih) v treh vzorčnih blokih. Vegetacijo smo preučili s fitocenološkimi popisi, mikroklimo smo merili kontinuirano med aprilom in novembrom z TMS-2 datalogerji, z laboratorijskimi analizami tal pa smo določili deleže posameznih frakcij. Naši rezultati kažejo da imajogrmičasti gozdovi na južnih pobočjih hladnejšo mikroklimo spomladi in zgodaj poleti ter pozno poleti in zgodaj jeseni, travišča in grmišča na platojih pa imajo bolj nevezano strukturo tal. Na osnovi naših rezultatov lahko heterogenost habitata gozdno-traviščnega mozaika v Panoniji ublaži negativne učinke podnebnih sprememb na plazilce

Marijuana Use and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Functioning in Humans

Preclinical studies suggest cannabinoids affect functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but little is known about the effects of marijuana (MJ) use on HPA axis functioning in humans. Since previous work indicates substances of abuse may dysregulate the HPA axis, it is critical to understand how MJ use affects HPA axis activity. Here, we review studies that (a) examined the effects of acute MJ administration on HPA axis functioning, (b) investigated the impact of stress on HPA axis functioning in MJ users, (c) examined the effect of chronic MJ use on basal cortisol levels, and (d) studied the relationship between MJ use and the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Findings indicate acute MJ administration typically raises cortisol levels, but this increase is blunted in MJ-dependent users relative to controls. Frequent MJ users have blunted adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol reactivity in response to acute stress. These findings suggest HPA axis activity may be dysregulated by heavy MJ use. Alternatively, dysregulation of the HPA axis may be a risk marker for heavy MJ use. There is mixed evidence for how MJ use affects basal cortisol levels and the CAR. Future studies should consider MJ use characteristics, method of hormone collection, time when samples are collected, and environmental factors that may influence HPA axis activity in MJ users. By examining existing studies we provide one of the first reviews aimed at synthesizing the literature on HPA axis functioning in MJ users

Az eurázsiai rétisáska (Stenobothrus eurasius) élőhelyi viszonyai a Kárpát-medencében – előzetes eredmények

Eurasian Toothed Grasshopper (Stenobothrus eurasius) is a widespread Eurasian-Continental species, but in the Carpathian and Bohemian Basins, just isolated, relict stands of the species can be found. Our case study, being part of our detailed research on habitat requirements of Stenobothrus eurasius, carried out on two neighbouring hills of Eastern-Bakony (Bér-hegy and Móroc-tető) having very similar circumstances (in bedrock, exposure, geomorphology, vegetation). In order to compare potential and actual habitats of Eurasian Toothed Grasshopper, we collected data for almost a year (April to November 2017) regarding location, vegetation, microclimate and soi

Heightened impulsivity: associated with family history of alcohol misuse, and a consequence of alcohol intake

BACKGROUND Youths with family history (FH) of alcoholism are at greater risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD); heightened impulsive behavior may underlie such increased vulnerability. Here, we studied waiting impulsivity (previously suggested to predispose to alcohol drinking) in young moderate-to-heavy social drinkers (18 to 33 years old) characterized as family history positive (FHP) and negative (FHN) following an alcoholic or nonalcoholic (placebo) drink. METHODS Two groups of young male and female social drinkers (n = 64) were administered an acute dose of alcohol (0.8 g/kg) or placebo. One group (FHP; n = 24) had first-degree relatives with problems of alcohol misuse; the other group (FHN) did not. Participants completed 4 variants of the Sx-5CSRTT, a task measuring waiting impulsivity. In addition, other types of impulsive behavior were tested (by means of the stop-signal task [SST]; information sampling task [IST]; Delay Discounting Questionnaire; 2-choice impulsivity paradigm; and time estimation task). RESULTS Young FHP adults showed more premature responding than FHN when evaluated under increased attentional load (high waiting impulsivity), while, in contrast, they presented a more conservative strategy on the IST (less impulsive behavior), compared to FHN. Acute alcohol impaired inhibitory control on the SST in all participants, and induced a marginal increase of premature responses, but did not affect other measures of impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Assessing for exaggerated waiting impulsivity may provide a potential endophenotype associated with risk for the development of alcohol addiction (i.e., offspring of alcoholics)