165 research outputs found
Quantum Control with Quantum Light of Molecular Nonadiabaticity
Coherent control experiments in molecules are often done with shaped laser
fields. The electric field is described classically and control over the time
evolution of the system is achieved by shaping the laser pulses in the time or
frequency domain. Moving on from a classical to a quantum description of the
light field allows to engineer the quantum state of light to steer chemical
processes. The quantum field description of the photon mode allows to
manipulate the light-matter interaction directly in phase-space. In this paper
we will demonstrate the basic principle of coherent control with quantum light
on the avoided crossing in lithium fluoride. Using a quantum description of
light together with the nonadiabatic couplings and vibronic degrees of freedoms
opens up new perspective on quantum control. We show the deviations from
control with purely classical light field and how back-action of the light
field becomes important in a few photon regime
Ultrafast dynamics in the vicinity of quantum light-induced conical intersections
Nonadiabatic effects appear due to avoided crossings or conical intersections
that are either intrinsic properties in field-free space or induced by a
classical laser field in a molecule. It was demonstrated that avoided crossings
in diatomics can also be created in an optical cavity. Here, the quantized
radiation field mixes the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom creating
hybrid field-matter states called polaritons. In the present theoretical study
we go further and create conical intersections in diatomics by means of a
radiation field in the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). By
treating all degrees of freedom, that is the rotational, vibrational,
electronic and photonic degrees of freedom on an equal footing we can control
the nonadiabatic quantum light-induced dynamics by means of conical
intersections. First, the pronounced difference between the the quantum
light-induced avoided crossing and the conical intersection with respect to the
nonadiabatic dynamics of the molecule is demonstrated. Second, we discuss the
similarities and differences between the classical and the quantum field
description of the light for the studied scenario
On the preservation of coherence in the electronic wavepacket of a neutral and rigid polyatomic molecule
We present various types of reduced models including five vibrational modes
and three electronic states for the pyrazine molecule in order to investigate
the lifetime of electronic coherence in a rigid and neutral system. Using an
ultrafast optical pumping in the ground state (1 1 A g ), we prepare a coherent
superposition of two bright excited states, 1 1 B 2u and 1 1 B 1u , and reveal
the effect of the nuclear motion on the preservation of the electronic
coherence induced by the laser pulse. More specifically, two aspects are
considered: the anharmonicity of the potential energy surfaces and the
dependence of the transition dipole moments (TDMs) with respect to the nuclear
coordinates. To this end, we define an ideal model by making three
approximations: (i) only the five totally symmetric modes move, (ii) which
correspond to uncoupled harmonic oscillators, and (iii) the TDMs from the
ground electronic state to the two bright states are constant (Franck-Condon
approximation). We then lift the second and third approximations by
considering, first, the effect of anharmonicity, second, the effect of
coordinate-dependence of the TDMs (first-order Herzberg- Teller contribution),
third, both. Our detailed numerical study with quantum dynamics confirms
long-term revivals of the electronic coherence even for the most realistic
model
The EU's New Economic Governance Framework and Budgetary Decision-Making in the Member States: Boon or Bane for Throughput Legitimacy?
The euro crisis has sparked changes in the EU’s economic governance framework and a crisis of
legitimacy across the union. While the institutional repercussions of the crisis have been studied
before, the democratic impact at the national level has received much less attention. This paper
aims to fill this gap, focusing on the procedural changes that the EU’s new economic governance
(NEG) framework has brought to national budgetary decision-making. Building upon the Varieties
of Democracy framework, the paper adds empirical nuance and conceptual clarity to the notion of
‘throughput legitimacy’ and its components: openness, inclusiveness, transparency and accountability. Detailed case studies of post-crisis Austria, Italy and Portugal show that the NEG improved
access to national budgetary decision-making and enhanced executive scrutiny, while excessive
complexity remains the Achilles’ heel of EU fiscal rules. We submit that these procedural changes
are too meaningful to be overlooked in post-crisis debates about EU democracy.publishedVersio
On the Graphicity of the Independence Structure of Linear Active Networks
Consider a linear network composed of 2-terminal devices. Its interconnection structure is described by a graph G. The voltages or the currents of a subset of devices can independently be prescribed if and only if the subset of the corresponding edges in the graph G is circuit-free or cut set free, respectively. This classical result of Kirchhoff can be generalized for networks containing multiterminal devices as well: the independence structure can be described by the circuits and cut sets of a more general abstract mathematical structure, a matroid M. However, these matroids will not always be graphic. Using some recent mathematical results for characterizing graphic structures among the matroids, here we give a physical characterization of subclasses of those active networks where M happens to be graphic
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