Influencia de la calidad y cantidad de grasa de la dieta sobre el grado de respuesta inflamatoria en pacientes con síndrome metabólico: estudio Lipgene

La inflamación se ha relacionado en los últimos años con el desarrollo y la progresión de la obesidad, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y en definitiva con el síndrome metabólico (SM), por lo que, uno de los pilares básicos de su tratamiento estaría vinculado a cambios en el estilo de vida, como la ingesta de una dieta saludable. El presente trabajo analiza el efecto de la calidad y cantidad de grasa de la dieta sobre la respuesta inflamatoria en pacientes con SM. Para ello, 75 pacientes del estudio LIPGENE fueron aleatorizados para recibir uno de los cuatro periodos de intervención dietética: dos dietas ricas en grasa: una saturada (HSFA) y otra monoinsaturada (HMUFA); dos dietas bajas en grasa: una suplementada con 1.24 g/d de poliinsaturados n-3 (LFHCC n-3) y otra con placebo (LFHCC). Al final del periodo de intervención y tras 12 horas de ayuno, los pacientes tomaron una sobrecarga grasa con la misma composición de la dieta que finalizaban. Se realizaron extracciones sanguíneas en ayunas y a las 2 y 4 horas de la administración de la sobrecarga grasa. Nuestros resultados muestran que el consumo de la dieta HMUFA indujo una disminución postprandial en la activación del factor de transcripción nuclear NF-kB y en la proteína p65 nuclear en células mononucleares. Además, se observó un aumento postprandial en la expresión génica del inhibidor del NF-kB (IkB-¿) con esta misma dieta. Por otra parte, el consumo de la dieta HMUFA indujo una disminución postprandial en la expresión génica del factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF)-¿ y la metaloproteasa (MMP)-9, en células mononucleares, comparado con el consumo de la dieta HSFA. En plasma, observamos una disminución postprandial en los niveles plasmáticos de la proteína quimioatrayente de monocitos (MCP)-1 con las dietas HMUFA y LFHCC-n-3 respecto a la dieta HSFA. Además, tras el consumo de la dieta LFHCCn-3 se observaron menores niveles de resistina plasmática, tanto en ayunas como durante el postprandio, comparado con la dieta HSFA. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que un modelo de dieta saludable, con alto contenido en MUFA o en PUFA n-3 de cadena larga, mejoran el estado inflamatorio postprandial en pacientes con SM

R353Q polymorphism in the factor VII gene and cardiovascular risk in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Certain polymorphisms of the factor VII gene have been associated with the development of coronary artery disease and there is a known association between factor VII levels and polymorphic variants in this gene. To date, no study has evaluated the association between factor VII and coronary artery disease in patients with FH.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This case-control study comprised 720 patients (546 with FH and 174 controls). We determined the prevalence and allele frequencies of the R353Q polymorphism of factor VII, the plasma levels of factor VII antigen (FVII Ag) and whether they could be predictive factors for cardiovascular risk. 75% (410) of the patients with FH were RR, 23% (127) RQ and 1.6% (9) QQ; in the control group 75.3% (131) were RR, 21.3% (37) RQ and 3.4% (6) QQ (p = 0.32). No statistically significant associations were observed in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies between case (FH) and control groups. Nor did we find differences when we evaluated the relationship between the R353Q polymorphism and cardiovascular risk (including coronary disease, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease), either in the univariate analysis or after adjustment for sex, age, arterial hypertension, body mass index, xanthomas, diabetes, smoking, HDLc and LDLc and lipid-lowering treatment. The FVII Ag concentrations behaved in a similar fashion, with no differences for the interaction between controls and those with FH (RR vs. RQ/QQ; p = 0.96). In the subgroup of patients with FH no association was found among cardiovascular disease, genotype and FVII Ag levels (RR vs. RQ/QQ; p = 0.97).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study did not find a direct relationship between cardiovascular risk in patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, the R353Q polymorphism of factor VII and FVII Ag levels.</p

Immunomodulatory and Inhibitory Effect of Immulina®, and Immunloges® in the Ig-E Mediated Activation of RBL-2H3 Cells. A New Role in Allergic Inflammatory Responses

Immulina®, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide extract from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) is a potent activator of innate immune cells. On the other hand, it is well documented that Spirulina exerts anti-inflammatory effects and showed promising effects with respect to the relief of allergic rhinitis symptoms. Taking into account these findings, we decided to elucidate whether Immulina®, and immunLoges® (a commercial available multicomponent nutraceutical with Immulina® as a main ingredient) beyond immune-enhancing effects, might also exert inhibitory effects in the induced allergic inflammatory response and on histamine release from RBL-2H3 mast cells. Our findings show that Immulina® and immunLoges® inhibited the IgE-antigen complex-induced production of TNF-α, IL-4, leukotrienes and histamine. The compound 48/80 stimulated histamine release in RBL-2H3 cells was also inhibited. Taken together, our results showed that Immulina® and immunLoges® exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and inhibited the release of histamine from mast cells