Análise comparativa da percepção da perda auditiva com o resultado da audiometria em pacientes adultos e idosos do Hospital Bettina Ferro de Souza/PA / Comparative analysis of the perception of hearing loss with the result of audiometry in adult and elderly patients from the Bettina Ferro de Souza/PA Hospital

Introdução: A perda auditiva é um dos distúrbios da comunicação que mais afetam a sociabilidade e a qualidade de vida do ser humano. Estudos revelam que existe uma desproporção entre as queixas auditivas que o paciente leva ao consultório em relação à sua real condição auditiva. A audiometria é um exame realizado para avaliar a perda auditiva através de estímulos sonoros que variam em frequência (medida em Hertz – Hz) e intensidade, podendo assim verificar a perda auditiva, porém não refletem a dificuldade comunicativa do paciente. O Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults – HHIA e o O Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly – HHIE são questionários que tem como objetivo verificar a percepção do indivíduo sobre seu problema auditivo relacionando-o com atividades do cotidiano, assim como estima-se a restrição da participação social. Objetivo: Identificar a correlação entre a percepção do paciente em relação à sua perda auditiva e o resultado da audiometria. Método: O trabalho foi um estudo comparativo-descritivo, transversal, individuado, não controlado, observacional, randomizado, realizado através da aplicação dos questionários em 27 pacientes atendidos pelo Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Bettina Ferro de Souza, de acordo com a faixa etária. Resultados: Observa-se que, tanto no escore total quanto nas subescalas, a única diferença significativa encontrada foi entre os escores de pacientes sem perda auditiva detectada pela audiometria e com grau de perda leve (leve + normal) e os com perda de grau profundo e severo (profundo + severo), sendo nesse último grupo sempre superiores. Além disso, não se observaram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os sexos e a faixa etária quando comparados os escores das subescalas social e emocional do questionário handicap. Conclusão: Com este estudo, conclui-se que os pacientes apresentaram uma boa percepção auditiva sobre seu handicap quando comparados os resultados de sua respectiva audiometria, porém, é notória a falta de estudos que avaliam estas variáveis utilizando os questionários HHIA e HHIE, sugerindo a necessidade de pesquisa-lo no futuro

DESAFIOS E AVANÇOS NO TRATAMENTO DA TRANSPOSIÇÃO DAS GRANDES ARTÉRIAS

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart defect in which the two main arteries that exit the heart are reversed. This condition severely compromises blood circulation, preventing oxygenated blood from the lungs from being properly distributed throughout the body. Methodology: The selection of articles was based on specific inclusion criteria such as relevance to the topic, methodological quality, and contribution to the understanding of the challenges and advancements in the treatment of TGA. The articles were critically analyzed to identify trends, knowledge gaps, and areas of controversy. Results: The arterial switch operation, also known as the Jatene procedure, is considered the definitive treatment for TGA. Introduced by Adib Jatene in 1975, this technique revolutionized TGA treatment by repositioning the main arteries and reimplanting the coronary arteries. Although this surgery has significantly increased long-term survival rates, its technical complexity presents considerable challenges. Conclusion: In conclusion, the treatment of transposition of the great arteries has advanced significantly since the early days of high neonatal mortality rates. The arterial switch operation has revolutionized treatment, providing better survival rates and improved quality of life for patients.A transposição das grandes artérias (TGA) é uma malformação congênita do coração na qual as duas principais artérias que saem do coração estão invertidas. Esta condição compromete gravemente a circulação sanguínea, impedindo que o sangue oxigenado do pulmão seja distribuído corretamente pelo corpo. Metodologia: A seleção dos artigos foi baseada em critérios de inclusão específicos, tais como a relevância para o tema, a qualidade metodológica e a contribuição para o entendimento dos desafios e avanços no tratamento da TGA. Os artigos foram analisados criticamente para identificar tendências, lacunas no conhecimento e áreas de controvérsia. Resultado: A cirurgia de troca arterial, também conhecida como cirurgia de Jatene, é considerada o tratamento definitivo para a TGA. Introduzida por Adib Jatene em 1975, essa técnica revolucionou o tratamento da TGA ao reposicionar as artérias principais e reimplantar as artérias coronárias. Embora esta cirurgia tenha aumentado significativamente as taxas de sobrevivência a longo prazo, sua complexidade técnica apresenta desafios consideráveis Conclusão: Em conclusão, o tratamento da transposição das grandes artérias avançou significativamente desde os primeiros dias de altas taxas de mortalidade neonatal. A cirurgia de troca arterial revolucionou o tratamento, proporcionando melhores taxas de sobrevivência e uma melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes

A Transcript Finishing Initiative for Closing Gaps in the Human Transcriptome

We report the results of a transcript finishing initiative, undertaken for the purpose of identifying and characterizing novel human transcripts, in which RT-PCR was used to bridge gaps between paired EST clusters, mapped against the genomic sequence. Each pair of EST clusters selected for experimental validation was designated a transcript finishing unit (TFU). A total of 489 TFUs were selected for validation, and an overall efficiency of 43.1% was achieved. We generated a total of 59,975 bp of transcribed sequences organized into 432 exons, contributing to the definition of the structure of 211 human transcripts. The structure of several transcripts reported here was confirmed during the course of this project, through the generation of their corresponding full-length cDNA sequences. Nevertheless, for 21% of the validated TFUs, a full-length cDNA sequence is not yet available in public databases, and the structure of 69.2% of these TFUs was not correctly predicted by computer programs. The TF strategy provides a significant contribution to the definition of the complete catalog of human genes and transcripts, because it appears to be particularly useful for identification of low abundance transcripts expressed in a restricted set of tissues as well as for the delineation of gene boundaries and alternatively spliced isoforms

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data