La diversidad de género en puestos de responsabilidad de las empresas

El incremento de la heterogeneidad de los recursos humanos, característico de muchas organizaciones en la actualidad, ha suscitado un creciente interés, tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como en el de la práctica empresarial, por las cuestiones relativas a la gestión de la diversidad. Bajo la hipótesis de que la diversidad enriquece más el potencial de los recursos que la uniformidad, contribuciones recientes subrayan el hecho de que las prácticas de atención a la diversidad permiten a las organizaciones atraer y retener el capital humano, aludiendo a los beneficios que suponen las diferencias entre empleados como fuente de ventaja competitiva para la empresa. Si la motivación primaria para una eficaz gestión de la diversidad convencionalmente podía responder originariamente a principios de igualdad de trato y de no discriminación, ya que no resultan aceptables hoy en día situaciones de desigualdad en el entorno laboral, desde la perspectiva de la consecución de los objetivos de la organización se presenta como una cuestión de eficiencia, esto es, relacionada con la productividad de los recursos humanos, o derivada de los vínculos que puedan establecerse entre diversidad y rentabilidad empresarial. De esta forma, centrándose en la desigualdad vertical como uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta la gestión de la diversidad, el estudio realizado en el presente trabajo se centra en la diversidad de género, analizando la representación femenina en cargos directivos en las principales empresas españolas. Adicionalmente, se considera la influencia sobre el grado de desigualdad existente que tienen variables como el sector de actividad principal en que opera la entidad, las dimensiones empresariales, el contenido funcional del puesto o el nivel jerárquico del cargo directivo

Supuesto propuesto para el ingreso en el Cuerpo de Gestión, Escala Económico-Financiera, de la Administración de la Comunidad de Castilla y León

[Segundo ejercicio del turno libre de las pruebas selectivas para el ingreso en el Cuerpo de Gestión, Escala Económico-Financiera, de la Administración de la Comunidad de Castilla y León (Orden 328/2003, de 20 de marzo)]. Enunciado. Solución:• Operaciones societarias.• Inversiones financieras.• Arrendamiento financiero.• Operaciones en moneda extranjera.• Absorción

Un recorrido por la valoración de los recursos humanos. Temas recurrentes y desarrollos recientes en el ámbito de los intangibles y del capital intelectual

De acuerdo a la naturaleza evolutiva de los sistemas económicos, el conocimiento se ha consagrado en la actualidad como un factor productivo de primera magnitud, por su especial incidencia en la capacidad competitiva de las empresas. En este contexto, los intangibles se han convertido en una de las cuestiones relacionadas con el ámbito empresarial que suscitan una creciente atención como objeto de estudio y de acción directiva. Conceptos como gestión del conocimiento y capital intelectual confluyen en torno a la relevancia adquirida por los recursos intangibles en muchas organizaciones. Esta importancia del conocimiento sitúa en el primer plano a los recursos humanos, al tratarse de la variable básica sobre la que se asientan buena parte de los intangibles. Aceptando que los sistemas informativos de las organizaciones, como base para la adopción de decisiones y, en consecuencia, para la asignación de recursos, se han de modelar acorde a las características del sistema productivo predominante en cada momento, se produce una demanda de herramientas e instrumentos que cuantifiquen los intangibles y el capital intelectual, y, por extensión, suministren información útil sobre los recursos humanos. De esta forma, en el presente trabajo se realiza un recorrido por algunos de los desarrollos de valoración de intangibles y del capital intelectual, centrándose específicamente en aquellos aspectos relacionados con los recursos humanos y el capital humano

Objective Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness among Semi-Professional Male and Female Football Players

The aim of this study was to examine differences in achievement motivation (measured with the Objective Achievement Motivation Test, OLMT, Schuhfried®) and competitiveness between male and female semi-professional football players. The OLMT objectively assessed three constructs regarding achievement motivation: motivation through personal goals, aspiration level, and motivation through competition. In addition, competitiveness was measured with the self-reported Competitiveness-10 Questionnaire. Finally, participants’ performance was assessed by three expert observers in each of ten matches. Thirty-eight football players (men = 27; women = 11) participated in the present study, and no significant differences were found in the Levene test when comparing men and women with respect to the scores obtained in the different measures used in our research. Significant differences were found in the motivation through competition (p = 0.021) as well as in self-reported competitiveness (p = 0.020) as a function of gender, with males showing higher values in both cases. No gender differences were found in aspiration level (p = 0.283) or motivation through personal goals (p = 0.897). Moreover, age and player performance did not modulate gender differences on any measures. No significant correlation was found between motivational measures and performance. In conclusion, it should be noted that the only variable on which gender differences emerged was the level of competitiveness, such that males scored higher than females on both objective and self-reported measure

Original Article Biomarkers of erlotinib response in non-small cell lung cancer tumors that do not harbor the more common epidermal growth factor receptor mutations

Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents approximately 85% of all lung cancers, which are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as erlotinib represent one therapeutic options presently recommended for tumors produced by activating mutations in the gene coding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The aim of this study is the identification of possible biomarkers for tumor sensitivity to erlotinib in the absence of the main EGFR mutations. The erlotinib sensitivity of cells isolated from 41 untreated NSCLC patients was determined and compared with the presence of the more frequent EGFR mutations. Several patients had tumor cells highly sensitive to erlitinib in the absence of the EGFR mutations analyzed. The gene expression profile of 3 erlotinib-sensitive tumors was compared with that of 4 resistant tumors by DNA microarray hybridization. Sixteen genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in the resistant tumors than in the sensitive tumors. The possible correlation between erlotinib sensitivity and the expression of these genes was further analyzed using the data for the NSCLC, breast cancer and colon cancer cell lines of the NCI60 collection. The expression of these genes was correlated with the overall survival of 5 patients treated with erlotinib, according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Overlapping groups of 7, 5 and 3 genes, including UGT1A6, TRIB3, MET, MMP7, COL17A1, LCN2 and PTPRZ1, whose expression correlated with erlotinib activity was identified. In particular, low MET expression levels showed the strongest correlation

Tau-knockout mice show reduced GSK3-induced hippocampal degeneration and learning deficits

It has been proposed that deregulation of neuronal glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity may be a key feature in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. We have previously generated transgenic mice that overexpress GSK3β in forebrain regions including dentate gyrus (DG), a region involved in learning and memory acquisition. We have found that GSK3 overexpression results in DG degeneration. To test whether tau protein modified by GSK3 plays a role in that neurodegeneration, we have brought GSK3 overexpressing mice to a tau knockout background. Our results indicate that the toxic effect of GSK3 overexpression is milder and slower in the absence of tau. Thus, we suggest that the hyperphosphorylated tau mediates, at least in part, the pathology observed in the brain of GSK3 overexpressing mice.This work was supported by grants from Spanish Plan Nacional, Comunidad de Madrid, Fundación Botín, CIBERNED, and an institutional grant from Fundación Ramón Areces.Peer reviewe

The PAU survey: Estimating galaxy photometry with deep learning

With the dramatic rise in high-quality galaxy data expected from Euclid and Vera C. Rubin Observatory, there will be increasing demand for fast high-precision methods for measuring galaxy fluxes. These will be essential for inferring the redshifts of the galaxies. In this paper, we introduce Lumos, a deep learning method to measure photometry from galaxy images. Lumos builds on BKGnet, an algorithm to predict the background and its associated error, and predicts the background-subtracted flux probability density function. We have developed Lumos for data from the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS), an imaging survey using 40 narrow-band filter camera (PAUCam). PAUCam images are affected by scattered light, displaying a background noise pattern that can be predicted and corrected for. On average, Lumos increases the SNR of the observations by a factor of 2 compared to an aperture photometry algorithm. It also incorporates other advantages like robustness towards distorting artifacts, e.g. cosmic rays or scattered light, the ability of deblending and less sensitivity to uncertainties in the galaxy profile parameters used to infer the photometry. Indeed, the number of flagged photometry outlier observations is reduced from 10% to 2%, comparing to aperture photometry. Furthermore, with Lumos photometry, the photo-z scatter is reduced by ~10% with the Deepz machine learning photo-z code and the photo-z outlier rate by 20%. The photo-z improvement is lower than expected from the SNR increment, however currently the photometric calibration and outliers in the photometry seem to be its limiting factor.Comment: 20 pages, 22 figure

The Neuroprotector Benzothiazepine CGP37157 Extends Lifespan in C. elegans Worms

The benzothiazepine CGP37157 has shown neuroprotective effects in several in vitro models of excitotoxicity involving dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Although its mechanism of neuroprotection is unclear, it is probably related with some of its effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. CGP37157 is a well-known inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX). However, it is not very specific and also blocks several other Ca2+ channels and transporters, including voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 channel (CALHM1). In the present work, we have studied if CGP37157 could also induce changes in life expectancy. We now report that CGP37157 extends C. elegans lifespan by 10%–15% with a bell-shaped concentration-response, with high concentrations producing no effect. The effect was even larger (25% increase in life expectancy) in worms fed with heat-inactivated bacteria. The worm CGP37157 concentration producing maximum effect was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and was close to the IC50 for inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. CGP37157 also extended the lifespan in eat-2 mutants (a model for caloric restriction), suggesting that caloric restriction is not involved in the mechanism of lifespan extension. Actually, CGP37157 produced no effect in mutants of the TOR pathway (daf15/unc24) or the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway (daf-2), indicating that the effect involves these pathways. Moreover, CGP37157 was also ineffective in nuo-6 mutants, which have a defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Since it has been described that neuroprotection by this compound in cell cultures is abolished by mitochondrial inhibitors, this suggests that life extension in C. elegans and neuroprotection in cell cultures may share a similar mechanism involving mitochondria

Immunogenic dynamics and SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralisation of the heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccination: Secondary analysis of the randomised CombiVacS study

Background: The CombiVacS study was designed to assess immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 combination, and 14-day results showed a strong immune response. The present secondary analysis addresses the evolution of humoral and cellular response up to day 180. Methods: Between April 24 and 30, 2021, 676 adults primed with ChAdOx1-S were enrolled in five hospitals in Spain, and randomised to receive BNT162b2 as second dose (interventional group [IG]) or no vaccine (control group [CG]). Individuals from CG received BNT162b2 as second dose and also on day 28, as planned based on favourable results on day 14. Humoral immunogenicity, measured by immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), antibody functionality using pseudovirus neutralisation assays for the reference (G614), Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, as well as cellular immune response using interferon-γ and IL-2 immunoassays were assessed at day 28 after BNT162b2 in both groups, at day 90 (planned only in the interventional group) and at day 180 (laboratory data cut-off on Nov 19, 2021). This study was registered with EudraCT (2021-001978-37) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04860739). Findings: In this secondary analysis, 664 individuals (441 from IG and 223 from CG) were included. At day 28 post vaccine, geometric mean titres (GMT) of RBD antibodies were 5616·91 BAU/mL (95% CI 5296·49-5956·71) in the IG and 7298·22 BAU/mL (6739·41-7903·37) in the CG (p 1:100 at day 180 (19% and 22%, respectively). Interpretation: Titres of RBD antibodies decay over time, similar to homologous regimes. Our findings suggested that delaying administration of the second dose did not have a detrimental effect after vaccination and may have improved the response obtained. Lower neutralisation was observed against Omicron and Beta variants at day 180.Funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). AMB, AJC, JO, and JF are members of the VACCELERATE (European Corona Vaccine Trial Accelerator Platform) Network, which aims to facilitate and accelerate the design and implementation of COVID-19 phase 2 and 3 vaccine trials. JO is a member of the INsTRuCT (Innovative Training in Myeloid Regulatory Cell Therapy) Consortium, a network of European scientists from academia and industry focused on developing innovative immunotherapies. This work is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, a Spanish public body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation that manages and promotes public clinical research related to public health. The Spanish Clinical Trials Platform is a public network funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers PTC20/00018 and PT17/0017), the State Plan for Research, Development, and Innovation 2013−16, the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2017−20, and the Subdirectorate General for Evaluation and Promotion of Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofinanced with FEDER funds. CombiVacS was designed under the umbrella of the VACCELERATE project. VACCELER ATE and INsTRuCT received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement numbers 101037867 and 860003). The Instituto de Salud Carlos III is the Spanish partner in the VACCELERATE project. This work is partially funded by Institute of Health Carlos III (Instituto de Salud Carlos III − ISCIII −), (grants PI19CIII/00004 to JA and PI21CIII/00025 to MPO and JGP), and COVID-19 FUND (grants COV20/00679 and COV20/00072 to MPO and JA) and CIBERINFEC, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way to make Europe”. The authors thank all trial participants, the international data safety monitoring board (Appendix 1 p 23), and the trial steering committee (Appendix 1 pp 24−25). The authors thank Esther Prieto for editorial assistance and writing support (employed by Hospital Universitario La Paz; funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant number PCT20/00018) and María Castillo-de la Osa (PEJ2018-004557-A) for excellent technical assistance.S