36 research outputs found
El nivel de vocabulario como indicador de reserva cognitiva en la evaluación del deterioro cognitivo ligero
El presente trabajo estudia el papel del vocabulario, como indicador de reserva cognitiva, en la evaluación del Deterioro Cognitivo Ligero (DCL). Participaron 326 adultos mayores de 50 años, clasificados en dos grupos, uno de 104 participantes con DCL y otro de 222 controles sanos. Se analizaron las diferencias en las puntuaciones obtenidas en distintos indicadores de reserva cognitiva, entre ellos, las puntuaciones en el subtest de vocabulario WAIS y la prueba de vocabulario de imágenes Peabody. Para analizar el efecto de estos indicadores en la prevalencia del DCL se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión logística. Los resultados indicaron que el grupo con DCL obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente menores que los controles en las tareas de vocabulario y en los hábitos de lectura. Las bajas puntuaciones en las pruebas de vocabulario fueron las medidas de reserva cognitiva que mejor predicen el riesgo de DCL. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados, el buen nivel de vocabulario parece contribuir a aumentar la reserva cognitiva como un indicador protector frente al deterioro cognitivo
Efecto de la reserva cognitiva en el Deterioro Cognitivo Ligero
La reserva cognitiva es la capacidad que tiene el cerebro de activar nuevas redes
neuronales ante la presencia de un daño cerebral. Se trata de un constructo hipotético
que no podemos medir directamente. Por este motivo, en su estudio se utilizan modelos
de variables latentes que recojan estadísticamente la relación de múltiples variables o
indicadores asociados a la reserva con la presencia o ausencia de deterioro cognitivo.
Los indicadores que se han relacionado a la reserva cognitiva en la literatura están
relacionados con las experiencias de vida: años de escolarización, profesión,
inteligencia, actividades de ocio, participación social, actividades culturales…
El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre la reserva y el
Deterioro Cognitivo Ligero (DCL), entendido como un estado de deterioro cognitivo de
las personas mayores que describe el estado intermedio entre el envejecimiento normal
y la demencia.
Para ello, se analizó una muestra de 326 participantes mayores de 50 años
clasificados en tres grupos controles teniendo en cuenta las quejas subjetivas de
memoria y tres grupos DCL teniendo en cuenta los criterios de clasificación de
Petersen. Se valora el rendimiento cognitivo de cada participante mediante pruebas de
rendimiento cognitivo general y pruebas de memoria episódica y memoria de trabajo.
Además, se recogerán, mediante una entrevista, datos sobre los indicadores de reserva
cognitiva: años de educación, complejidad laboral, vocabulario (inteligencia
cristalizada), hábitos de lectura, actividades sociales y actividades culturales.
Se realizan análisis con SPSS para comprobar las diferencias entre grupos
(ANCOVAS, ANOVAS, Kruskal- Wallis y U de Mann Whitney), el efecto de cada
indicador en el deterioro (regresión logística), y las relaciones entre los indicadores de
reserva (análisis de correlaciones y análisis factorial exploratorio). Para analizar el
efecto de la reserva cognitivo en el rendimiento, se utilizan modelos de ecuaciones
estructurales.
Los resultados indican que la reserva cognitiva tiene un efecto directo e
indirecto sobre el rendimiento de los participantes, destacando la influencia de los
indicadores más relacionados con el nivel educativo, en concreto, los hábitos de lectura
y la inteligenci
Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive Performance in a Follow-Up Study in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Complaints. The Role of Working Memory
Objective: Analyze the effects of CR on cognitive performance in adults with subjective cognitive complaints at follow-up.
Method: We analyzed the factorial structure of the three constructs defined in cognitive performance (Episodic memory, Working memory, and General cognitive performance) separately to search for evidence of the invariance of the measurement model. We then developed four structural nested models to analyze the relationship between CR and cognitive performance, measured at baseline and after approximately 18 months, in 266 participants older than 50 years with subjective cognitive complaints.
Results: The nested models revealed the following main results: direct effects of CR on all cognitive constructs at baseline and also indirect effects on the same constructs at follow-up, and indirect effects of CR on other cognitive constructs at follow-up via working memory at follow-up.
Conclusion: The findings show that the proposed model is useful for measuring the influence of CR on cognitive performance in follow-up studies and that CR has a positive influence on cognitive performance at follow-up via working memory. CR may enhance mechanisms of information processing, favoring performance of tasks involving other cognitive constructs in older adults with subjective cognitive complaintsThis work was financially supported by the Spanish Directorate General of Scientific and Technical Research (Project PSI2014- 55316-C3-1-R) and by the Galician Government (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; axudas para a consolidación e estruturación de unidades de investigación competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia; GRC (GI-1807-USC); Ref: ED431-2017/27) through FEDER foundsS
Longitudinal Assessment of Verbal Learning and Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Practice Effects and Meaningful Changes
Objectives: To identify learning effects and meaningful changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) at a follow-up assessment.
Method: The Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) was administered to a sample of 274 adults of age over 50 years with subjective memory complains (SMC), including single and multiple domain aMCI groups and participants with SMC but without cognitive impairment (SMC group). The Wilcoxon test was used to compare results at baseline and after 18 months in short and long recall, and standardized regression-based (SRB) methods were used to study meaningful changes.
Results: Scores were significantly higher at follow-up for short and long-delayed recall in all groups indicating generalized practice effect. SRB scores indicated a significant decline in recall in a higher proportion of participants with aMCI than in SMC group.
Discussion: Patients with multiple and single domain aMCI benefit from practice in a verbal learning memory test. The SRB approach revealed a higher incidence of meaningful decline in short and long-delay recall and recognition in the aMCI groups than in the SMC group. Specifically, compared to SMC participants, single-domain aMCI individuals declined in a higher proportion in all measures, and multiple-domain aMCI individuals in long delay free recallThis work was financially supported by the Spanish Directorate General of Scientific and Technical Research (Project PSI2014-55316-C3-1-R) and by the Galician Government (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; axudas para a consolidación e Estruturación de unidades de investigación competitivas do Sistema universitario de Galicia; GPC2014/047) through FEDER foundsS
Using an overlapping time interval strategy to study diagnostic instability in mild cognitive impairment subtypes.
(1) Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a diagnostic label in which stability is typically low. The aim of this study was to examine temporal changes in the diagnosis of MCI subtypes by using an overlapping-time strategy; (2) Methods: The study included 435 participants aged over 50 years with subjective cognitive complaints and who completed at least one follow-up evaluation. The probability of transition was estimated using Bayesian odds ratios; (3) Results: Within the different time intervals, the controls with subjective cognitive complaints represented the largest proportion of participants, followed by sda-MCI at baseline and in the first five intervals of the follow-up, but not in the last eight intervals. The odds ratios indicated higher odds of conversion to dementia in sda-MCI and mda-MCI groups relative to na-MCI (e.g., interval 9-15 months-sda-MCI OR = 9 and mda-MCI OR = 3.36; interval 27-33-sda-MCI OR = 16 and mda-MCI = 5.06; interval 42-48-sda-MCI OR = 8.16 and mda-MCI = 3.45; interval 45-51-sda-MCI OR = 3.31 and mda-MCI = 1); (4) Conclusions: Notable patterns of instability consistent with the current literature were observed. The limitations of a prospective approach in the study of MCI transitions are discussed
Análise da coesão grupal de equipas de futsal de elite da Galiza (Espanha)
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar las dimensiones de la cohesión grupal, las
relaciones entre dichas variables y el efecto que tiene sobre el puesto ocupado por los equipos
en la clasificación final. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 41 jugadores de los tres equipos
gallegos de máxima categoría de futbol sala. Los resultados del análisis estadístico muestran
que no existen diferencias significativas entre las respuestas de los jugadores de los tres
equipos en cuanto a calidad de trabajo (ejecución) (p = .248); atracción hacia el grupo (p = .380);
ni los roles valorados (p = .800); ni en la calidad de trabajo (relaciones interpersonales) (p = .165).
A la vista de los resultados, independientemente del puesto final ocupado en la clasificación, la
cohesión grupal es buena entre los jugadores de los equipos participantes, aunque se obtienen
menores puntuaciones en los equipos peor clasificados, por lo que esto debe ser tenido en
cuenta por los cuerpos técnicos de los clubesThis research aims to assess the dimensions of group cohesion, the relationships
between these variables and the effect of classification on them. Sample consisted of 41 players
from the three Galician top category futsal teams. Results of statistical analyses show no
significant differences in the average response of the players of the three teams in terms of
work quality (execution) (p =.248); attraction to the group (p = .380); valued roles (p = 0.800); and
work quality (relationships) (p = .165). In view of the results, regardless of the final position
occupied in qualifying, group cohesion is good among the players of the teams, although lower
scores are obtained in lower ranked teams, so this should be taken into account by the technical
bodies of the clubsEste trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as dimensões da coesão grupal, as relações
entre essas variáveis e o efeito que tem sobre eles a posição detida pela equipe na classificação
final. A amostra foi composta por 41 jogadores das três equipas galegas da primeira divisão de
futsal. Os resultados das análises estatísticas não mostram diferenças significativas na
qualidade do trabalho (execução) (p = .248); atração para o grupo (p = .380); os papéis
valorizados (p = .800); nem na qualidade do trabalho (relações interpessoais) (p = .165). Em vista
dos resultados, independentemente da posição final ocupada na fase de qualificação, a coesão
do grupo é bom entre os jogadores das equipas, embora menor pontuação são obtidos em
equipes menores classificados, por isso deve ser levado em conta pelos organismos técnicos
dos clubes.S
Puntuaciones normativas del Cambridge Cognitive ExaminationRevised en población española sana
Background: The Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised
(CAMCOG) is widely used in clinical, epidemiological and research
studies, but normative scores for age and educational level have not yet
been established in the Spanish population. Method: The CAMCOG-R
was administered to 730 adult members ofthe community, aged between
50-97 years, living throughout the region of Galicia. Initial screening
yielded provisional identifi cation of cognitive impairment and depressive
symptoms. The fi nal sample consisted of 643 cognitively healthy adults.
The following instruments were administered: a questionnaire concerning
socio-demographic and clinical data, the Charlson’s Comorbidity Index,
the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
(MoCA), the Lawton and Brody Index, a short version of the Geriatric
Depression Scale, and the CASP-19 quality of life scale. Results: Internal
consistency values of the CAMCOG-R were similar to those obtained
for the original scale. The convergent validity between MoCA and
CAMCOG-R was good, and the divergent validity between CASP-19
and CAMCOG-R was higher than the recommended value. Percentiles
and inter-quartile range for age and educational level were calculated.
Conclusions: Psychometric indexes showed that the CAMCOG-R is a
reliable and valid instrument, which can generally avoid a ceiling effect.
The study fi ndings confi rm the importance of specifying the normative
data by age and educational levelAntecedentes: el CAMCOG es
una escala de uso frecuente para el diagnóstico y la investigación de
las demencias pero hasta el momento no disponemos de puntuaciones
normativas por edad y nivel educativo en población española. Método:
se administró el CAMCOG-R a 730 adultos, de entre 50-97 años, que
vivían de manera independiente en Galicia. Un cribado inicial permitió
excluir a participantes con deterioro cognitivo y/o síntomas depresivos,
quedando la muestra fi nal conformada por 643 adultos. Se administraron
los siguientes instrumentos: un cuestionario de datos sociodemográfi cos
y clinicos, el índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson’s, el Mini-Mental State
Examination, el Montreal Cognitive Assessment, la escala Lawton-Brody,
la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y la escala de calidad de vida CASP19. Resultados: los valores de consistencia interna fueron similares a los
obtenidos con la escala original. La validez convergente con el MoCA fue
buena y la divergente con el CASP-19 superó los valores recomendados.
Se informa de percentiles y rangos inter-cuartil para cada grupo de edad
y nivel educativo. Conclusiones: el CAMCOG-R es un instrumento fi able
y válido con capacidad para evitar el efecto techo. Nuestros resultados
confi rman la importancia de disponer de datos normativos por edad y
nivel educativoThis work was supported by the Spanish Directorate General for Science and Technology under projects SEJ2007-67964-CO2-01, PSI2010-22224-C03-01 and by the Galician Government:
Consellería de Industria e Innovación/Economía e Industria (PGIDIT07PXIB211018PR; 10PXIB2011070 PR)S
Resting state electroencephalographic rhythms are affected by immediately preceding memory demands in cognitively unimpaired elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment
Experiments on event-related electroencephalographic oscillations in aged
people typically include blocks of cognitive tasks with a few minutes of
interval between them. The present exploratory study tested the effect of
being engaged on cognitive tasks over the resting state cortical arousal
after task completion, and whether it differs according to the level of the
participant’s cognitive decline. To investigate this issue, we used a local
database including data in 30 healthy cognitively unimpaired (CU) persons
and 40 matched patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
They had been involved in 2 memory tasks for about 40 min and underwent
resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) recording after 5 min from the
task end. eLORETA freeware estimated rsEEG alpha source activity as an
index of general cortical arousal. In the CU but not aMCI group, there was
a negative correlation between memory tasks performance and posterior
rsEEG alpha source activity. The better the memory tasks performance,
the lower the posterior alpha activity (i.e., higher cortical arousal). There
was also a negative correlation between neuropsychological test scores of
global cognitive status and alpha source activity. These results suggest that
engagement in memory tasks may perturb background brain arousal for
more than 5 min after the tasks end, and that this effect are dependent on participants global cognitive status. Future studies in CU and aMCI groups may
cross-validate and extend these results with experiments including (1) rsEEG
recordings before memory tasks and (2) post-tasks rsEEG recordings after 5,
15, and 30 minThis study was supported by grants from the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PSI2017-
89389-C2-R and PID2020-114521RB-C21/C22); the Galician Government (Xunta de Galicia), Axudas para a Consolidación e Estruturación de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia: GRC (GI-1807- USC); Ref: ED431-2017/27 and ED431C-2021/04; all with ERDF/FEDER funds. DP was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) grant with reference SFRH/BPD/120111/2016. AF was supported by an FPI grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación with reference PRE2018-085514S
Using an Overlapping Time Interval Strategy to Study Diagnostic Instability in Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes
(1) Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a diagnostic label in which stability is typically low. The aim of this study was to examine temporal changes in the diagnosis of MCI subtypes by using an overlapping-time strategy; (2) Methods: The study included 435 participants aged over 50 years with subjective cognitive complaints and who completed at least one follow-up evaluation. The probability of transition was estimated using Bayesian odds ratios; (3) Results: Within the different time intervals, the controls with subjective cognitive complaints represented the largest proportion of participants, followed by sda-MCI at baseline and in the first five intervals of the follow-up, but not in the last eight intervals. The odds ratios indicated higher odds of conversion to dementia in sda-MCI and mda-MCI groups relative to na-MCI (e.g., interval 9–15 months—sda-MCI OR = 9 and mda-MCI OR = 3.36; interval 27–33—sda-MCI OR = 16 and mda-MCI = 5.06; interval 42–48—sda-MCI OR = 8.16 and mda-MCI = 3.45; interval 45–51—sda-MCI OR = 3.31 and mda-MCI = 1); (4) Conclusions: Notable patterns of instability consistent with the current literature were observed. The limitations of a prospective approach in the study of MCI transitions are discussedThis work was financially supported through FEDER founds by the Spanish Directorate General of Scientific and Technical Research (Project Ref. PSI2014-55316-C3-1-R), the National Research Agency (Spanish ’Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) (Project Ref. PSI2017-89389-C2-1-R) and by the Galician Government (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; axudas para a consolidación e estruturación de unidades de investigación competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia; GI-1807-USC: Ref. ED431-2017/27)S
Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of conversion from MCI to dementia: a machine learning approach
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Edinburgh University Press in International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610219001030Objectives:
To use a Machine Learning (ML) approach to compare Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (NPS) in participants of a longitudinal study who developed dementia and those who did not.
Design:
Mann-Whitney U and ML analysis. Nine ML algorithms were evaluated using a 10-fold stratified validation procedure. Performance metrics (accuracy, recall, F-1 score, and Cohen’s kappa) were computed for each algorithm, and graphic metrics (ROC and precision-recall curves) and features analysis were computed for the best-performing algorithm.
Setting:
Primary care health centers.
Participants:
128 participants: 78 cognitively unimpaired and 50 with MCI.
Measurements:
Diagnosis at baseline, months from the baseline assessment until the 3rd follow-up or development of dementia, gender, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) individual items, NPI-Q total severity, and total stress score and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 items (GDS-15) total score.
Results:
30 participants developed dementia, while 98 did not. Most of the participants who developed dementia were diagnosed at baseline with amnestic multidomain MCI. The Random Forest Plot model provided the metrics that best predicted conversion to dementia (e.g. accuracy=.88, F1=.67, and Cohen’s kappa=.63). The algorithm indicated the importance of the metrics, in the following (decreasing) order: months from first assessment, age, the diagnostic group at baseline, total NPI-Q severity score, total NPI-Q stress score, and GDS-15 total score.
Conclusions:
ML is a valuable technique for detecting the risk of conversion to dementia in MCI patients. Some NPS proxies, including NPI-Q total severity score, NPI-Q total stress score, and GDS-15 total score, were deemed as the most important variables for predicting conversion, adding further support to the hypothesis that some NPS are associated with a higher risk of dementia in MCIThis work was financially supported through FEDER founds by the Spanish Directorate General of Scientific and Technical Research (Project Ref. PSI2014-55316-C3-1-R), the National Research Agency (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) (Project Ref. PSI2017-89389-C2-1-R), the Galician Government (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; axudas para a consolidación e estruturación de unidades de investigación competitivas do sistema universitario de Galicia; GI-1807-USC: Ref. ED431-2017/27), and the Galician Dementia Research Network (GAIN, Xunta de Galicia) (grant IN607C-2017/02). The first author is funded by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (ref. BES-2015-071253).S