Modelo para la mejora del acceso y permanencia de grupos vulnerables en educación secundaria postobligatoria (APESE)

El presente documento es resultado del Proyecto 'Acceso y permanencia de grupos vulnerables en la educación secundaria no obligatoria. Creación y validación de un modelo de intervención' financiado por la convocatoria de I+D RETOS (EDU2013-47452-R). Presenta el Modelo de Acceso y Permanencia en la Educación Secundaria Postobligatoria [APESE] desarrollado para el contexto de la educación secundaria postobligatoria, con el objetivo de asegurar una transición más pertinente desde la enseñanza secundaria obligatoria y mayores tasas de éxito en esta etapa para los colectivos identificados como vulnerables (prioritariamente, estudiantes con un nivel socioeconómico bajo, inmigrantes, gitanos, personas con discapacidad y género

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Neuroendocrine neoplasms in rare locations: Clinicopathological features and review of the literature

Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) occur more often in lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or pancreas. Data about terminology and grading of NETs in rare locations are scarce and variable, and they have been reported mainly as case reports. Materials and Methods: We here describe our experience with NETs in unusual locations. We have reviewed all NETs diagnosed in our institution and summarized their clinicopathological features. We have also reviewed the literature and discussed the main characteristics of NETs in each site. Results: Two hundred and forty-three primary NETs were diagnosed. About 55.2% of patients were men and the mean age was 62 years. About 90.7% of NETs were located in lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or pancreas, and 50.8% of them were low-grade tumors. We identified 13 NETs in rare locations: breast, ovary, endometrium, vulva, uterine cervix, extrahepatic biliary tract, kidney, sinonasal tract, and thymus. Three additional tumors were diagnosed by the senior author in other institution. Patients were asymptomatic or presented with nonspecific symptoms. All NETs were treated with surgery and 31% of patients received adjuvant therapy. There were 10 Grade 3 (62.5%), 2 Grade 2 (12.5%), and 4 Grade 1 (25%) tumors. Mean follow-up was 72 months. About 60% of G3 tumors recurred or progressed. G2 tumors were located in breast, and both patients are stable. About 50% of G1 tumors recurred or progressed (both renal NETs). Conclusions: NETs in rare locations are heterogeneous, and their behavior does not seem to correlate absolutely with tumor grade. More studies are needed to clarify the role of proliferation rate in these tumors

Prognostic role of tissue transglutaminase 2 in colon carcinoma

24 p.-4 fig.Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is involved in many biological processes, from wound healing to neurodegeneration. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in this enzyme as a potential prognostic marker or therapy target in human neoplasms. The aim of this study was to analyze expression of TG2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in colon cancer samples and to evaluate the potential value of TG2 as prognostic marker. We investigated not only expression level but also location of the protein in a series of human tumors. In silico analysis using the GSE39582 dataset showed that TG2 mRNA expression is associated with earlier relapse. The results of qPCR in our cohort showed TG2 mRNA to be up-regulated in 25 out of 70 samples (34 %). Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test showed that patients with high TG2 mRNA expression have significantly worse prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and a trend to earlier recurrence. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections for TG2 revealed stromal staining in 152 cases (88 %) and epithelial cell staining in 105 cases (62 %). In stage II patients, stromal expression showed a significant association with disease-free survival (DFS). In patients with metastatic disease, TG2 expression was also associated with poor prognosis. Cox multivariate analysis showed that TG2 expression in epithelial cells is significantly and independently associated with OS, together with node involvement and presence of metastasis. Stromal TG2 expression was associated with DFS. In summary, in non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients, stromal TG2 expression is significantly associated with DFS and epithelial TG2 expression with OS, independently of node involvement and metastasis.This research was supported by grants BIO2012–31,023 and BIO2015–66,489-R from the MINECO and PRB2 (IPT13/0001-ISCIII-SGEFI/FEDER) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER.Peer reviewe

El emprendimiento social como impulsor del cambio hacia la economía del bien común

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis conjunto de la Economía del Bien Común (EBC) y el emprendimiento social, con el objetivo de poner de relieve la relación existente entre ambos. Para ello, se analizan las bases sobre las que se asientan estos conceptos, y se realiza una comparación que permite establecer su conexión, destacando la importancia de elementos clave en el orden económico y en el social, tales como la búsqueda de un crecimiento equilibrado y sostenible, una creciente preocupación por el medioambiente, el interés por alcanzar mayor igualdad e integración social, y en definitiva, la consecución de un mundo más justo y equitativo. A partir de la reflexión realizada, se puede identificar el emprendimiento social como una pieza esencial del desarrollo de los principios de la economía del bien común, y al emprendedor social, como el principal agente de cambio que persigue la creación de valor tanto económico como social.No data (2015)UE