The value of marine tropical animals, products, and objects in the early modern Atlantic

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as Seen through a Whale’s-Eye Vie

UID/HIS/04666/2019Patrick O’Brian inspired this work, with his 1934 book of chronicles “Beasts Royal,” where he gives a voice to animals. Therein, among other animals, we find Skogula, a young sperm whale journeying with his family group across the South Seas and his views on the surrounding world, both underwater and on land. This paper tells a story of historical natural events, from the viewpoint of a fin whale that travelled, rested and stranded in the Tagus estuary mouth (Lisbon, Portugal) during the early 16th century. It allows us to move across time and explore the past of this estuarine ecosystem. What kind of changes took place and how can literature and heritage contribute to understand peoples’ constructions of past environments, local maritime histories and memories? In the second part of this essay we present a fictional short story, supported on historical documental sources and imagery research where Lily, the whale, is the main character. Thus, we see the Tagus estuary as perceived through this whale’s-eye view. Finally, we discuss past earthquakes, whale strandings, the occurrence of seals and dolphins and peoples’ perceptions of the Tagus coastal environment across time. We expect to make a contribution to the field of the marine environmental humanities. We will do so both by addressing, by means of this literary approach, the writing of “new thalassographies,” oceanic historiographies and “historicities” and by including all intervening actors—people, animals and the physical space—in the understanding of the past of more-than-human aquatic worlds.publishersversionpublishe

Interconnected stories of mythological creatures and marine mammals

UID/HIS/04666/2019 Copyright Year 2020Among other monstrosities and myths from the sea and aquatic bodies, the double-tailed mermaid has been profusely described and depicted in early modern literature, bestiaries and natural history treaties as in the iconography and cartography. Usually shown as a female form with one head and upper body and holding its two fish-like tails, it did represent the epitome of beautiful nature creations but also its strangeness and hybridity. With virtues and sins, love and danger within the same body, it could be the reflection of the moral and human acts’(dis)conformities. Besides the symbolic meaning of the mirror, or the twinning, could these mythical beings also be the result of non-understood observations of rare events in the sea? In this paper, more than providing answers, I am proposing some questions regarding early nature apprehension and natural knowledge production by relating the physicality of double-tailed mermaids with the real, yet highly obscure, occurrences of conjoined twins in sea animals. Conjoined or Siamese twins have, in fact, rarely been described in wild (marine) mammals but a couple of cases in cetaceans just came to light in recent years. Even though descriptions of monsters sometimes reveal more about people’s minds and perceptions than they do about the animals, the physical similarities between these two types of marine monsters, and the possibility of real observations resulting in imaginary animals will be discussed.authorsversionpublishe

Portuguese Sealing and Whaling Activities as Contributions to Understand Early Northeast Atlantic Environmental History of Marine Mammals

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Where's the Marine in Environmental History?

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Agency, Liberation, and Intersectionality among Latina Scholars: Narratives from a Cross-institutional Writing Collective

Among United States residents, the number of doctoral degrees conferred to Latinx students represents a small percentage compared to other groups. For example, from 2009–2010, the percentage of degrees conferred to Latinx students was 5 percent compared to 74 percent for White students, 11 percent for Asian/Pacific Islanders, 7 percent for African Americans, and 0.7 percent for Indian/Alaska Natives. During the same period, the proportion of doctoral degrees conferred to females was 55 percent for Latinas compared to 65 percent for African American students, 56 percent for Asian/Pacific students, 54 percent for American Indian/Alaska Native students, and 51 percent for White female students (National Center for Education Statistics). Historically, underrepresented minority (URM) students encounter a plethora of issues that influence their educational experiences, yet there is a scarcity of scholarship that elucidates the quality of experience of women of color (WOC) pursuing doctorate degrees (Aryan and Guzman). As multi-marginalized, firstgeneration college students, we continuously struggle to find a place within higher education. Our educational pathways to becoming doctoral recipients have occurred primarily within the context of alienation, significantly influencing our need to connect with other WOC who have also felt isolated and disconnected. Consequently, we needed to find each other because knowing that there were other Latinas in doctoral programs, and actually getting to know them, validated our existence within academiaUniversity Writing Cente

Evolução do aleitamento materno em Portugal

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em EnfermagemSão inúmeras as vantagens do aleitamento materno tanto para mãe como para criança. Para mãe facilita na involução uterina, ajuda na proteção contra o cancro da mama e ovário, além de proporcionar um prazer indescritível. (Levy, L; Bértolo, H, 2008). Para a criança previne infeções gastrintestinais, respiratórias e urinárias, previne contra alergias é de fácil digestão (Levy, L; Bértolo, H, 2008). Devido a isto, é importante que em Portugal continue com as intervenções que ajudam a promover o sucesso do aleitamento materno. Com este estudo, pretende-se conhecer a evolução do Aleitamento Materno em Portugal. Para uma evolução progressiva e bem sucedida da adesão e prevalência ao aleitamento materno, é necessário verificar qual a melhor forma de atuar para a melhoria da promoção e apoio da amamentação por parte dos profissionais de saúde, nomeadamente os enfermeiros. Trate-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica baseada em artigos, revistas e estudos científicos. Os resultados através da análise, e organização de vários estudos científicos relacionado com o tema, verifica-se que em Portugal as taxas de prevalência do aleitamento materno a saída da maternidade ultrapassam os 90%. Segundo os estudos de Lopes, B; Marques, P. (2004) é de 97, 5%, nos estudos realizados por Sandes, A. et al. (2005) o valor é de 91%, já nos estudos de Sarafana, S. et al. (2006) as taxas são de 98,5% de prevalência do aleitamento materno a saída da maternidade. Porém, é evidenciado o abandono precoce logo após o 1º mês de vida, segundo os estudos de Lopes, B; Marques, P. (2004), este abandono é de 65,7%, 50% e 35,4%, aos dois, quatro e seis meses de vida da criança. De acordo com Sandes, A. et al. (2005) verifica-se, 54,7% aos três meses, caindo para 34,1% aos seis meses. Nos estudos realizados por Sarafana, S. et al. (2006) a taxa de abandono é de 75% ao 1º mês, 55% ao 3º mês e de 36% ao 6º mês.There are a lot of vantages of the maternal breast-feeding for the mother likewise for the child. For the mother it gets easier for the uterine involution, it helps in the protection against the breast and the ovary`s cancer and in the approximation with your son. To the child, it prevents digestive, respiratory and urinary tract infections, allergy and it`s easily digestive. Due to this, is important that Portugal keep with the interventions that help promoting the success of the maternal breast-feeding. With this study, they pretend meet the evolution of the Maternal Breast-feeding in Portugal. For a successful and progressive evolution of the accession and prevalence to the maternal breast-feeding. Is needed to verify which is the best way of act for the improvement of the promotion and support of the breast-feeding by the health professionals, namely, the nurses. It is a bibliographic review, based on articles, magazines and scientific studies. The results by the analysis, and organization of some scientific reviews related with the topic, they verify that on Portugal the prevalence rate of the maternal breast-feeding at the way out of the maternity exceeds the 90%. According to the reviews of Lopes, B; Marques, P. (2004) the rate is 97, 5%, and in the reviews of Sandes, A. et al. (2005) the rate is 91%, but in the reviews of Sarafana, S. et al. (2006) the rate is 98, 5% of prevalence of the maternal breast-feeding at the way out of the maternity. However, is evidenced the precocious abandonment right after the first month of life, according to Lopes B; Marques, P. (2004), reviews, this abandonment is of 65,7%, 50% and 35,4%, on two, four and six months of life of the child. According to Sandes, A. et al. (2005) he verified 54,7% on the three months, falling 34,1% on the six months. In the reviews made by Sarafana, S. et al. (2006) the rate of abandonment is, of 75% in the first month, 55% in the third month and 36% in the sixth month

Perceptions and Practices Towards Sea Turtles and Manatees in Portugal’s Atlantic Ocean Legacy

SFRH/BD/104932/2014 UID/HIS/04666/2013The perception of a natural environment, and human attitudes towards that environment and its elements, have always been shaped by a multitude of factors such as aesthetics, traditional, cultural and historical importance, usefulness and economic value. More recently the level of public knowledge, along with the perception of the cognitive and behavioral characteristics as well as loveable qualities of the animals, plays a major role in human-nature relations. In this chapter, large marine mega fauna – a group that brings together charismatic species with similar features that enhances care in the context of this topic – are analyzed as paradigmatic case-studies in maritime history and marine environmental history of the Portuguese Atlantic from the fifteenth century to the present. The exploitation and trade of marine resources has a documented history which changed dramatically with the European Overseas Expansion. The exploration of the Atlantic constituted a strong stimulus not only to perceive the world in a new geographical and cultural dimension, but also – in describing the novelty, exoticism, beauty and strangeness of nature – to value it as an economical source leading to the dwindling of entire populations. Here, the cases of sea turtles and manatees in the South Atlantic are explored. Early modern written sources, iconography and cartography, modern fishing and import/export statistics, journals and news, articles and naturalists’ records, and contemporary oral history and conservation concerns were gathered and analyzed to understand changing perceptions and attitudes over time.authorsversionpublishe

Educators as Change Agents : An Interpretation proposal for the Marquis of Pombal Palace, in Oeiras

The authors are both lecturers at Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies and tourist guides in Portugal. One of the visits they usually perform with the students in the context of their lessons is exactly to Pombal palace, an 18th century Baroque summer residence located in Oeiras, 10 km away from Lisbon. This paper starts with a theorethical approach on interpretation, followed by an historic presentation of the palace and its main areas, and some suggestions for the interpretation of palace and gardens. Therefore, the article aims at granting propositions that might be applied to assist guides, tour operators and the venue’s managers to prepare (complementary) general and theme tours, and host niche markets to fully grasp the cultural resource’s charisma and ambience. Weiler and Black (2015) claim that guides resort to many interpretative media, such as drama, storytelling and narratives, in order to creative more persuasive tours. All in all, both interpretation narratives and techniques leading to mental time travel are key to the clients’ understanding of a site’s evolving identity, especially when complemented with the teasing of the visitors’ senses as one shall reveal. Conclusions stress that appropriate and effective competence on interpretation techniques allied to professional practice and theoretical background during the education of students are pivotal to shape the future of guided tours.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tour Guides-Educators as Heralds of Change : Oeiras’ Pombal Palace as Example

The article recalls the authors’ experience as certified Guides and lecturers at a higher institute, considering the pioneering visits performed with graduate students over the years to Oeiras’ Pombal palace. Brochu and Merriman (2002) sustain each generation of interpreters enriches the legacy of its predecessors by expanding the science and enriching the art. Pastorelli (2003) adds a good storyteller must set its audience into a trance, thus allowing them to dive into the story, while Tilden (1997) stresses the educational side of interpretation linked to meaning, the use of objects and instructive media. Indeed, mental time travel is key to the clients’ understanding of a site’s evolving identity when complemented with the teasing of the visitors’ senses. A theoretical approach on interpretation opens this document. The historic presentation and approach to the main areas of the venue ensue, followed by shortcomings and suggestions for the future tourist management of the palace and gardens. The empirical proposition also includes the references consulted to its completion. Scientific theory allied to professional practice and the perception of the underlying human factors during the education of Tourism Information students are pivotal to co-create the future of Tourism.O artigo recorda a experiência dos autores como guias certificados e docentes de um instituto superior, considerando as visitas pioneiras realizadas com estudantes de licenciatura ao longo dos anos ao palácio Pombal de Oeiras. Brochu e Merriman (2002) defendem que cada geração de intérpretes enriquece o legado de dos seus predecessores expandindo a ciência e enriquecendo a arte. Pastorelli (2003) acrescenta que um bom contador de histórias deve colocar o seu público em transe, permitindolhes mergulhar na história, enquanto Tilden (1997) enfatiza o lado educativo da interpretação ligada ao significado, o uso de objetos e meios instrutivos. Na verdade, a viagem mental no tempo é a chave para a compreensão dos clientes da identidade evolutiva de um lugar, complementada com a provocação dos sentidos dos visitantes. Uma abordagem teórica sobre interpretação abre este documento. Seguem-se a apresentação histórica, a abordagem das principais áreas do local recinto, a menção de lacunas e sugestões para a futura visitação do palácio e dos jardins. A proposição empírica inclui as referências consultadas para sua elaboração. A teoria científica aliada à prática profissional e a percepção dos fatores humanos subjacentes à educação dos estudantes de Informação Turística são fundamentais para co-criar o futuro do Turismo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio