Comparação dos Resultados das Inversões Acústicas Determinística e Geoestatística de um Campo de Petróleo

The most effective way to integrate seismic data in the reservoir characterization process is through the generation of impedance models derived from seismic inversion. In this work we compared the deterministic and geostatistical seismic inversion results of an oil field in order to improve the characterization of the field and generate a more accurate model, where the field behavior predictions could be done in a more effective way. The deterministic acoustic inversion is a widely used technique, which yields a single result, inverting the seismic data available for acoustic parameters (P-impedance). Geostatistical acoustic inversion generates multiple models of reservoir properties (elastic, lithology and petrophysical parameters), all of them equally probable, leading to the possibility of quantifying the uncertainty surrounding the reservoir model being created.A maneira mais efetiva de se integrar o dado sísmico no processo de caracterização de reservatórios é por meio da geração de modelos de impedância derivados do processo de inversão sísmica. Neste trabalho foram comparados os resultados das inversões sísmicas determinística e geoestatística de um campo de petróleo, no intuito de melhorar a caracterização do campo e de gerar um modelo mais preciso, onde as previsões do comportamento do campo possam ser feitas de maneira mais efetiva. A inversão acústica determinística é uma técnica bastante utilizada, que gera um único resultado, invertendo o dado sísmico disponível para parâmetros acústicos (impedância P). Já a inversão acústica geoestatística gera múltiplos modelos de propriedades de reservatório (parâmetros acústicos, petrofísicos e litologia), todos equiprováveis, o que leva à possibilidade de se quantificar a incerteza em torno do modelo de reservatório que está sendo criado

Drug Release Kinetics and Front Movement in Matrix Tablets Containing Diltiazem or Metoprolol/ λ

In this work we investigated the moving boundaries and the associated drug release kinetics in matrix tablets prepared with two complexes between λ-carrageenan and two soluble model drugs, namely, diltiazem HCl and metoprolol tartrate aiming at clarifying the role played by drug/polymer interaction on the water uptake, swelling, drug dissolution, and drug release performance of the matrix. The two studied complexes released the drug with different mechanism indicating two different drug/polymer interaction strengths. The comparison between the drug release behaviour of the complexes and the relevant physical mixtures indicates that diltiazem gave rise to a less soluble and more stable complex with carrageenan than metoprolol. The less stable metoprolol complex afforded an erodible matrix, whereas the stronger interaction between diltiazem and carrageenan resulted in a poorly soluble, slowly dissolving matrix. It was concluded that the different stability of the studied complexes affords two distinct drug delivery systems: in the case of MTP, the dissociation of the complex, as a consequence of the interaction with water, affords a classical soluble matrix type delivery system; in the case of DTZ, the dissolving/diffusing species is the complex itself because of the very strong interaction between the drug and the polymer

Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Silver Nanoparticles/Alginate/Nanocrystalline Cellulose Hydrogels: Study of the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Efficacy

Here, a formulation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and two natural polymers such as alginate (ALG) and nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) was developed for the 3D printing of scaffolds with large surface area, improved mechanical resistance and sustained capabilities to promote antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Mechanical resistance, water content, morphological characterization and silver distribution of the scaffolds were provided. As for applications, a comparable antimicrobial potency against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was demonstrated by in vitro tests as function of the AgNP concentration in the scaffold (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration value: 10 mg/mL). By reusing the 3D system the antimicrobial efficacy was demonstrated over at least three applications. The cytotoxicity effects caused by administration of AgNPs to hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell culture through ALG and ALG/CNC scaffold were discussed as a function of time and dose. Finally, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique was used for targeted analysis of pro-apoptotic initiation and executioner caspases, anti-apoptotic and proliferative proteins and the hepatocyte growth factor, and provided insights about molecular mechanisms involved in cell death induction

Uso do teste LF-LAM para diagnóstico de Tuberculose ativa em paciente que vive com HIV

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa granulomatosa, de alta infectividade e baixa patogenicidade, de tropismo primariamente respiratório, mas que pode afetar outros órgãos, como linfonodos, pele, rins, intestino e cérebro. É imperativo excluir o diagnóstico de TB em pacientes diagnosticados com HIV. Este estudo se trata do relato de caso de um paciente de 30 anos, gênero masculino, sem comorbidades prévias, que comparece à Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) queixando-se de desconforto respiratório aos pequenos esforços, tosse seca, febrícula aferida diariamente, diaforese, disfagia e perda ponderal de 15 kg. Feita a suspeição clínica de tuberculose, optou-se pela solicitação do teste rápido molecular para TB, no entanto, o paciente não conseguiu produzir a amostra necessária para análise. Assim, foi solicitado o teste de antígeno urinário lipoarabinomanano, que foi positivo, permitindo o tratamento precoce dessa grave infecção. Confirmou-se, também, o diagnóstico de HIV. O desconhecimento de métodos diagnósticos alternativos para pacientes de alto risco para TB é um complexo desafio em saúde pública, dada a elevada taxa de morbimortalidade nos portadores dessa doença, sobretudo, naqueles coinfectados com o vírus HIV

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe