24 research outputs found

    Complex decongestant therapy with use of alternative material to reduce and control lymphedema in patients with endemic area of filariasis: a clinical trial

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    Lymphatic filariasis puts billions of people around the world at risk. Despite this, little is known about the impact of chronic disease morbidity, such as lymphedema. The complex decongestant therapy is a gold standard for treating lymphedemas, but there are no viable protocols for implementation in developing countries. The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of this technique with the use of alternative material and compare its effects on quality of life, functionality and body weight. The intervention and control groups were evaluated using perimetry and limb volume calculation, the Whoqol-bref quality of life questionnaire, the Functional and Mobility test of the lower limbs Timed Up and Go, and body weight assessment. The intervention group received the complex decongestant therapy twice a week for ten weeks, using an alternative material for the bandaging, made with cambric tissue, which presents low cost in relation to the imported bands. The control group received a lecture with information about the disease and care and hygiene guidelines of the members. The sample consisted of thirty patients with a mean age of 50.8 ± 10 years, 52.9% of whom were women. In the statistical analysis, Student's t test, Multivariate analysis of variance, Wilcoxon test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. The significance was 5% (pA filariose linfática põe em risco bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre o impacto da morbidade crônica da doença, como o linfedema. A terapia complexa descongestiva apresenta-se como padrão ouro para tratar linfedemas, mas ainda não existem protocolos viáveis para implementação em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste ensaio clínico foi avaliar a eficácia dessa técnica, com o uso de material alternativo, e comparar seus efeitos na qualidade de vida, funcionalidade e peso corporal. Os grupos intervenção e controle foram avaliados por meio de perimetria e cálculo do volume dos membros, do questionário de qualidade de vida Whoqol-bref, do teste de funcionalidade e mobilidade de membros inferiores Timed Up and Go e avaliação do peso corporal. O grupo intervenção recebeu a terapia complexa descongestiva duas vezes por semana, durante dez semanas, utilizando-se um material alternativo para o enfaixamento, confeccionado com tecido de cambraia, o que apresenta baixo custo em relação às faixas importadas. O grupo controle recebeu palestra com informações sobre a doença e orientações de cuidados e higiene dos membros. A amostra foi composta por trinta pacientes com idade média de 50,8±10 anos, sendo 52,9% mulheres. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes t de Student, Multivariate analysis of variance, teste de Wilcoxon e Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A significância adotada foi de 5% (pLa filariasis linfática presenta riesgo para muchas personas en el mundo. Pero poco se sabe acerca del impacto de la morbilidad crónica de esta enfermedad, como es el linfedema. Y surge la terapia compleja descongestiva como la forma de tratarlo, pero todavía no hay protocolos que le posibilite su implementación en países en desarrollo. Este estudio clínico tiene el propósito de valorar la eficacia de esta técnica, con el empleo de material alternativo, y de comparar sus efectos en la calidad de vida, funcionalidad y peso corporal. Se evaluaron a los grupos intervención y control a través de medición y cálculo del volumen de los miembros, de cuestionario de calidad de vida Whoqol-Bref, de la prueba de funcionalidad y movilidad de los miembros inferiores Timed Up and Go y la evaluación del peso corporal. El grupo intervención hizo la terapia compleja descongestiva dos veces a la semana, durante diez semanas, y utilizó un material alternativo, el linón, para el vendaje, lo que mostró ser de bajo costo en comparación a otras vendas importadas. El grupo control vio una charla que exponía informaciones sobre la enfermedad y sobre los cuidados e higienización de los miembros. Treinta pacientes con promedio de edad de 50,8±10 años formaron la muestra, con un 52,9% de participantes mujeres. En el análisis estadístico se emplearon las pruebas t de Student, Multivariate analysis of variance, la prueba de Wilcoxon y Kolmogorov-Smirnov. El nivel de significación ha sido de 5% (

    Antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunostimulant properties of saline extract from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz (Fabaceae) leaves

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    281-289Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz is a species that originates in India and Central America and is widely distributed in the world. This plant presents important biological properties, due to the presence of some secondary medicinal metabolites, such as tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and diterpenes. In folk medicine, C. pulcherrima is used in different diseases as bronchitis, asthma, infections, wounds and eye irritations. The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical screening and evaluate which biological properties the saline extract of leaves from C. pulcherrima have against microorganisms and animal cells. Results showed that 15 majority compounds could be found in saline extract distributed among phenol, coumarin and quercetin groups.Saline extract of leaves from C. pulcherrima also showed good results in antioxidant test and showed significant antifungal property against Candida strains. Moreover, the saline extract did not showed cytotoxicity against mice splenocytes and promoted proliferation in these cells. These results may be predictive for future studies using the saline extract from C. pulcherrima leaves as cell stimulant agent in a pharmaceutical phytotherapic formulation used in cicatricial and in vitro immunostimulant assays

    Avaliação da atividade cicatrizante da Lectina de Cratylia mollis em camundongos normais e imunodeprimidos experimentalmente

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    Um organismo imunocomprometido tem dificuldade de restabelecimento após uma injúria. Sementes da lectina de Cratylia mollis, experimentalmente chamada Cramoll 1,4, foi usada no tratamento de feridas cutâneas em camundongos normais e imunodeprimidos, com o objetivo de desenvolver uma terapia que pudesse superar a condição imunodeprimida do organismo. A droga imunossupressora utilizada foi Metotrexato (0.8 mg/kg/semana). Feridas cirúrgicas (1 cm de diâmetro) foram produzidas em camundongos fêmeas normais e imunodeprimidas. As lesões foram tratadas com administração tópica (T) e intraperitoneal (Ip), como segue: grupos controle NaCl T; NaCl Ip; NaCl Immunod T e NaCl Immunod Ip (0,15 M NaCl) e grupos tratados Cramoll T; Cramoll Ip; Cramoll Immunod T e Cramoll Immunod Ip (10 μg,ml-1 Cramoll 1,4). Parâmetros como edema, hiperemia, crosta, tecidos de granulação e cicatricial como também a contração das feridas foi analisada por 12 dias. O edema foi pouco observado nos grupos Cramoll Ip e Cramoll Immunod Ip, a hiperemia se mostrou em grande parte pálida em todos os grupos. O infiltrado inflamatório, proliferação de fibroblastos e deposição de fibras colágenas foram observados com maior intensidade em todas as feridas tratadas com a Cramoll, especialmente o grupo Cramoll T. Estes últimos aspectos favoreceram um excelente fechamento e reparo das lesões tratadas com a Cramoll 1,4. Nos animais experimentais o fechamento de todas as lesões foi observado no dia 10 para o grupo Cramoll Immunod Ip e dia 11 para os grupos Cramoll T, Cramoll Ip e Cramoll Immunod T. Os grupos controle obtiveram fechamento das feridas no dia 12 para o grupo NaCl Immunod T e 90% dos grupos NaCl T, NaCl Ip e NaCl Immunod Ip. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que animais sadios ou imunocomprometidos tratados com Cramoll 1,4 têm suas lesões eficientemente reparadas e em menor temp

    Viral Modulation of TLRs and Cytokines and the Related Immunotherapies for HPV-Associated Cancers

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    The modulation of the host innate immune system is a well-established carcinogenesis feature of several tumors, including human papillomavirus- (HPV-) related cancers. This virus is able to interrupt the initial events of the immune response, including the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and inflammation. Both TLRs and cytokines play a central role in HPV recognition, cell maturation and differentiation as well as immune signalling. Therefore, the imbalance of this sensitive control of the immune response is a key factor for developing immunotherapies, which strengthen the host immune system to accomplish an efficient defence against HPV and HPV-infected cells. Based on this, the review is aimed at exposing the HPV immune evasion mechanisms involving TLRs and cytokines and at discussing existing and potential immunotherapeutic TLR- and cytokine-related tools

    Activities of stromal and immune cells in HPV-related cancers

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    Abstract The immune system is composed of immune as well as non-immune cells. As this system is a well-established component of human papillomavirus- (HPV)-related carcinogenesis, high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) prevents its routes and mechanisms in order to cause the persistence of infection. Among these mechanisms are those originated from stromal cells, which include the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the host infected cells themselves, i.e. the keratinocytes. These types of cells play central role since they modulate immune cells activities to create a prosperous milieu for cancer development, and the knowledge how such interactions occur are essential for prognostic assessment and development of preventive and therapeutic approaches. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms are not completely understood, and this lack of knowledge precluded the development of entirely efficient immunotherapeutic strategies for HPV-associated tumors. As a result, an intense work for attaining how host immune response works, and developing of effective therapies has been applied in the last decade. Based on this, this review aims to discuss the major mechanisms of immune and non-immune cells modulated by hrHPV and the potential and existing immunotherapies involving such mechanisms in HPV-related cancers. It is noticed that the combination of immunotherapies has been demonstrated to be essential for obtaining better results, especially because the possibility of increasing the modulating capacity of the HPV-tumor microenvironment has been shown to be central in strengthening the host immune system

    Development of synthetic antigen vaccines for COVID-19

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    The current pandemic called COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus brought the need for the search for fast alternatives to both control and fight the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, a race for a vaccine against COVID-19 took place, and some vaccines have been approved for emergency use in several countries in a record time. Ongoing prophylactic research has sought faster, safer, and precise alternatives by redirecting knowledge of other vaccines, and/or the development of new strategies using available tools, mainly in the areas of genomics and bioinformatics. The current review highlights the development of synthetic antigen vaccines, focusing on the usage of bioinformatics tools for the selection and construction of antigens on the different vaccine constructions under development, as well as strategies to optimize vaccines for COVID-19

    Cramoll 1,4 lectin increases ROS production, calcium levels, and cytokine expression in treated spleen cells of rats

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    Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)This study reports the in vivo stimulatory effects of Cramoll 1,4 on rat spleen lymphocytes as evidenced by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca(2+) levels, and interleukin (IL)-1 beta expression. Cramoll 1,4 extracted from seeds of the Leguminosae Cratylia mollis Mart., is a lectin with antitumor and lymphocyte mitogenic activities. Animals (Nine-week-old male albino Wistar rats, Rattus norvegicus) were treated with intraperitoneal injection of Cramoll 1,4 (235 mu g ml(-1) single dose) and, 7 days later, spleen lymphocytes were isolated and analyzed for intracellular ROS, cytosolic Ca(2+), and IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1 mRNAs. Cell viability was investigated by annexin V-FITC and 7-amino-actinomycin D staining. The data showed that in lymphocytes activated by Cramoll 1,4 the increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS was related to higher cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. Apoptosis and necrosis were not detected in statistically significant values and thus the lectin effector activities did not induce lymphocyte death. In vivo Cramoll 1,4 treatment led to a significant increase in IL-1 beta but IL-6 and -10 levels did not change. Cramoll 1,4 had modulator activities on spleen lymphocytes and stimulated the Th2 response.3421/Fev163169Departamento de Patologia Clinica, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

    Cramoll 1,4 lectin increases ROS production, calcium levels, and cytokine expression in treated spleen cells of rats

    No full text
    This study reports the in vivo stimulatory effects of Cramoll 1,4 on rat spleen lymphocytes as evidenced by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca(2+) levels, and interleukin (IL)-1 beta expression. Cramoll 1,4 extracted from seeds of the Leguminosae Cratylia mollis Mart., is a lectin with antitumor and lymphocyte mitogenic activities. Animals (Nine-week-old male albino Wistar rats, Rattus norvegicus) were treated with intraperitoneal injection of Cramoll 1,4 (235 mu g ml(-1) single dose) and, 7 days later, spleen lymphocytes were isolated and analyzed for intracellular ROS, cytosolic Ca(2+), and IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1 mRNAs. Cell viability was investigated by annexin V-FITC and 7-amino-actinomycin D staining. The data showed that in lymphocytes activated by Cramoll 1,4 the increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS was related to higher cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. Apoptosis and necrosis were not detected in statistically significant values and thus the lectin effector activities did not induce lymphocyte death. In vivo Cramoll 1,4 treatment led to a significant increase in IL-1 beta but IL-6 and -10 levels did not change. Cramoll 1,4 had modulator activities on spleen lymphocytes and stimulated the Th2 response.Departamento de Patologia Clinica, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

    Evaluation of Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and Cytotoxic Action of Fractions from Eugenia uniflora

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    An increasing number of biological activities presented by medicinal plants has been investigated over the years, and they are used in the search for new substances with lower side effects. Eugenia uniflora L. and Eugenia malaccensis L. (Myrtaceae) have many folk uses in various countries. This current study was designed to quantify the polyphenols and flavonoids contents and evaluate the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of fractions from E. uniflora L. and E. malaccensis L. It was observed that the polyphenol content was higher in ethyl acetate fractions. These fractions have high antioxidant potential. E. malaccensis L. seeds showed the largest DPPH radical scavenger capacity (EC50=22.62). The fractions of E. malaccensis L. leaves showed lower antioxidant capacity. The samples did not alter the profile of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide release. The results indicate that species of the family Myrtaceae are rich in compounds with antioxidant capacity, which can help reduce the inflammatory response

    Third-Generation Vaccines: Features of Nucleic Acid Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Their Efficiency

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    Gene immunization comprises mRNA and DNA vaccines, which stand out due to their simple design, maintenance, and high efficacy. Several studies indicate promising results in preclinical and clinical trials regarding immunization against ebola, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and human papillomavirus (HPV). The efficiency of nucleic acid vaccines has been highlighted in the fight against COVID-19 with unprecedented approval of their use in humans. However, their low intrinsic immunogenicity points to the need to use strategies capable of overcoming this characteristic and increasing the efficiency of vaccine campaigns. These strategies include the improvement of the epitopes’ presentation to the system via MHC, the evaluation of immunodominant epitopes with high coverage against emerging viral subtypes, the use of adjuvants that enhance immunogenicity, and the increase in the efficiency of vaccine transfection. In this review, we provide updates regarding some characteristics, construction, and improvement of such vaccines, especially about the production of synthetic multi-epitope genes, widely employed in the current gene-based vaccines
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