ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Influence of diet quality and lifestyle habits of adolescents in health conditions in adulthood

O conhecimento das modificações dos hábitos alimentares da adolescência para fase adulta e quais os fatores da adolescência que influenciam a qualidade da dieta da fase adulta, poderão auxiliar no direcionamento das intervenções necessárias para a promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da qualidade da dieta e dos hábitos de vida da adolescência nas condições de saúde na fase adulta. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, no qual se avaliou informações da adolescência e da fase adulta. O estudo final foi realizado com indivíduos de ambos os sexos, que foram atendidos no Programa de Atenção à Saúde do Adolescente (PROASA) da Divisão de Saúde (DSA) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) na adolescência e que foram encontrados na fase adulta. Na adolescência coletou-se informações dos prontuários referentes à primeira consulta no PROASA: idade, peso, estatura, perímetro da cintura e do quadril, relação cintura/estatura e cintura/quadril, recordatório alimentar habitual e questionário de estilo de vida. Na fase adulta aferiu-se medidas antropométricas, de composição corporal e pressão arterial, foram aplicados recordatório alimentar habitual e questionário de estilo de vida. Para avaliar a qualidade global da dieta nas duas fases utilizou-se adaptação do Healthy Eating Index 2005 (IQD-A). Calculou-se o delta (&#916;) do IQD-A (&#916; IQD-A = Pontuação total do IQD-A da fase adulta pontuação total do IQD-A da adolescência). Com relação as análises estatísticas, realizou-se estatística descritiva (média e mediana), Teste de normalidade Kolmogorov Smirnov; Testes t pareado ou teste de Wilcoxon; Teste t de Student ou Mann Whitney, Correlação de Pearson ou Spearman e Regressão Linear Múltipla. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. A amostra final foi composta por 130 indivíduos, sendo 70,8% do sexo feminino. Na adolescência a média de pontuação total do IQD-A foi de 60,94±10,10, variando entre 37,80 a 85,60. Na fase adulta esse valor foi maior (p<0,05), 63,81±10,78, variando entre 38,04 a 92,57. Os componentes Cereais Integrais , Vegetais Totais e Vegetais Verdes escuro, Alaranjados e Leguminosas (Vegetais VAL) apresentaram maiores pontuações na fase adulta (p<0,05). De acordo com o delta (&#916;) IQD-A verificou-se que 56,9% (n=74) dos indivíduos melhoraram a pontuação da adolescência para a fase adulta. Os indivíduos cujo &#916; IQD-A foi positivo apresentam modificações positivas para os componentes Cereais Integrais , Frutas Totais , Frutas Inteiras , Vegetais Totais , Vegetais VAL , Carne, Ovos e Leguminosas , Gordura Saturada e Calorias provenientes de gordura sólida e açúcar de adição (Gord-AA) (p<0,05). Os indivíduos com &#916; IQD-A negativo apresentaram modificações negativas para os Cereais Totais , Frutas Totais , Frutas Inteiras , Vegetais VAL , Gordura Saturada e Gord-AA (p<0,05). Quando as modificações da adolescência para a fase adulta foram avaliadas entre os sexos, somente no feminino permaneceu melhora do IQD-A total (p<0,001). Os indivíduos do sexo feminino apresentam na fase adulta valores maiores para os componentes Cereais Integrais , Vegetais Totais , Vegetais VAL e Gord-AA (p<0,05). Já os do masculino apresentaram na fase adulta valores menores para os Cereais Totais , Gordura Saturada e Gord-AA (p<0,05). Observou-se correlação positiva da pontuação total do IQD-A na fase adulta com a pontuação dos componentes Frutas Totais e Frutas Inteiras da adolescência e correlação negativa com a Relação Cintura/Quadril na adolescência e com o distanciamento da última consulta no PROASA à reavaliação na fase adulta (p<0,05). A pontuação total IQD-A na fase adulta demonstrou associação negativa com o sexo masculino, distanciamento da última consulta no PROASA, não iniciativa própria para a consulta no PROASA e o não consumo de produtos Diet na adolescência. Encontrou-se associação negativa da pontuação para o componente Vegetais Totais da adolescência com a pressão arterial sistólica na fase adulta. O conhecimento das modificações dos hábitos alimentares da adolescência para a fase adulta e das variáveis da adolescência que interferem na condição nutricional da fase adulta são importantes para a realização de medidas de intervenção nutricionais mais direcionadas e eficazes, promovendo a saúde e prevenindo doenças atuais e futuras.The knowledge of changes that occur in the diet from adolescence to adulthood and the factors that influence adolescent diet quality of adult life, may help in directing interventions to health promotion and disease prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of diet and lifestyle habits of adolescents in health conditions in adulthood. This is a cohort study, in which we evaluated information adolescence and adulthood. The final study was conducted with 130 individuals of both sexes, who attended the Health Care Program for Adolescents (PROASA) Health Division (DSA) of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in adolescence that were found and accepted participate in adult life. In adolescence was collected records information, referring to the first query in PROASA: age, weight, height, waist circumference, waist / height ratio, hip circumference, waist / hip ratio, dietary recall questionnaire and the usual style life. In adulthood was collected: anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood pressure, dietary recall questionnaire and usual lifestyle. To assess the overall quality of the diet in two stages was used adaptation of Healthy Eating Index 2005 (IQD-A). To evaluate the overall quality of the diet in adolescence and adulthood, we used adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (IQD-A). We calculated the delta (&#916;) of IQD-A (&#916; IQD-A = Total score of the IQD-A adulthood - total score of the IQD-A adolescents). Regarding statistical analyzes, we carried out descriptive statistics (mean and median), Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test, paired t-tests or Wilcoxon test, Student t test or Mann Whitney test, Pearson or Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression. We adopted a significance level of 5%. The final sample consisted of 130 individuals, and 70.8% were female. In adolescence the average total score of IQD-A was 60.94 ± 10.10, ranging from 37.80 to 85.60. In adulthood this value was higher (p <0.05), 63.81 ± 10.78, ranging from 38.04 to 92.57. The components "Whole Grains", "Total Vegetables" and "Dark Green and Orange Vegetables and Legumes" (Vegetables VAL) had higher scores in adulthood (p <0.05). According to the delta (&#916;) IQD-A was found that 56.9% (n = 74) of the individual scores improved adolescence into adulthood. Individuals whose &#916; IQD-A positive changes have been positive for the components "Whole Grains", "Total Fruit", "Whole Fruit", "Total xv Vegetables", " Vegetables VAL", "Meat, Eggs and Beans", "Saturated fat" and Calories from Solid Fats and Added Sugars" (Gord-AA) (p <0.05). Individuals with negative &#916; IQD-A showed negative changes to the "Total Grains", "Total Fruit," "Whole Fruit", "Vegetables VAL", "Saturated Fat" and "Gord-AA" (p <0.05). When the changes from adolescence to adulthood were assessed between the sexes, only the female remained improved IQD-A total (p <0.001). The females in adulthood have higher values for the components "Whole Grains", "Total Vegetables", "Vegetables VAL" and "Gord-AA" (p <0.05). The male in adulthood had lower values for "Total Grains", "Saturated Fat" and "Gord-AA" (p <0.05). There was positive correlation of total score of IQD-A in adult life with the component scores "Total Fruit" and "Whole Fruit" of adolescence and negatively correlated with waist/hip ratio in adolescence and distance from the last query in the PROASA (p <0.05). The variable IQD-A total score in adulthood showed a negative association with male sex, distance from the last query in the PROASA, not its own to the query in PROASA and no consumption of Diet in adolescence. Negative association was found for the component score of "Total Vegetables" adolescence with systolic blood pressure in Adulthood. The knowledge of changes in dietary habits from adolescence to adulthood and adolescence variables that affect the nutritional condition of adulthood are important for the realization of measures of nutritional intervention more targeted and effective, Promoting health and preventing diseases and current future.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Association of meal timing with food intake and weight gain during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study

Introduction: Studies have suggested that not only what and how much you eat, but also when you eat (variables related to meal timing), contribute significantly to energy balance, calorie distribution throughout the day, body weight regulation and metabolic control. However, so far, few studies with pregnant women have been conducted in the field of chrononutrition (an area of science that studies the relationship between food consumption and the circadian clock). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between meal timing and food intake and weight gain in pregnant women. Material and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted with 100 pregnant women who were followed up at low-risk prenatal care at Unidades de Atendimento Integrado (UAIs) in the city of Uberlandia or at the prenatal service at the Hospital de Clinicas of Federal University of Uberlandia (HC-UFU). Data collection was performed between October 2015 and February 2017. Food intake was evaluated by three 24-h food recalls in each gestational trimester. The distribution of energy and macronutrients intake was evaluated at meals throughout the day. Diet quality was assessed using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R). Time-related eating patterns, i.e., the interval between the first and the last meal (eating duration), nightly fasting, time of the first and last meals and number of meals eaten in a day were determined. Pregnant women were classified as “early” or “late” based on the timing of the first and last meals, if the values were below or above the median of the population, respectively. Also, pregnant women were classified as “lower” or “higher” night-time energy intake - amount of energy intake from 19:00 to 05:59h - if these values were below or above the median of the population, respectively. The adequacy of the weight gain in the trimesters was evaluated based on the value of the weight gain in each trimester divided by the value of the recommended weight gain in this interval. Chronotype was derived using the mid-sleep time on free days on weekends (MSF), with a further correction for calculated sleep debt. Linear regression modeling analyses adjusted for confounders were used to investigate the association between time-related eating patterns and chronotype with diet quality in the first trimester. Generalized Estimating Equation models were used to determine the effects of the “early” or “late” meal timing and “lower” or “higher” night-time intake on the eating patterns, diet quality and weight gain during pregnancy. Results: The results showed that in the first gestational trimester a longer eating duration, earlier time of the first meal, higher number of meals and morningness tendency were associated with a better diet quality - higher scores of the total BHEI-R and/or fruit components. Data from the three gestational trimesters showed that the “early” eaters of the first meal consumed a higher percentage of energy and carbohydrates at morning meals and a lower percentage of energy and carbohydrates at evening meals, and had a better diet quality for the total fruit and whole fruit components compared to the “late” eaters of the first meal. In addition, the pregnant women with "higher” night-time intake had greater excessive weight gain in the third trimester when compared to "lower” nighttime intake. Conclusion: We suggest that having the first meal earlier is related to the better diet quality and the lower food intake in the evening meals, and that the lower energy consumption after 7 pm is related to the lower weight gain in the third trimester. Meal timing should be considered in the nutritional prenatal guidelines to promote adequate gestational weight gain and consequently maternal-fetal health.FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisTese (Doutorado)Introdução: Estudos têm sugerido que não apenas o que e quanto se come, mas também quando se come (variáveis relacionadas aos horários das refeições), contribuem significativamente para o balanço energético, distribuição das calorias ao longo do dia, regulação do peso corporal e controle metabólico. Porém, até o momento, poucos estudos com gestantes foram conduzidos no campo da crononutrição (área da ciência que estuda a relação entre o consumo alimentar e o relógio circadiano). Objetivo: Avaliar a associação dos horários das refeições com o consumo alimentar e o ganho de peso durante a gestação. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com 100 gestantes que foram acompanhadas no atendimento pré-natal de baixo risco em Unidades de Atendimento Integrado (UAIs) do município de Uberlândia ou no serviço de pré-natal do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU). A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de outubro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2017. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por três recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas em cada trimestre gestacional. A distribuição diária de energia e macronutrientes foi avaliada nas refeições ao longo do dia e a qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R). Foram determinados os horários relacionados aos padrões alimentares, isto é, o intervalo entre a primeira e a última refeição (duração da alimentação), o jejum noturno, o horário da primeira e última refeições e o número de refeições por dia. As gestantes foram classificadas em relação ao horário da primeira e da última refeição em “mais cedo” ou “mais tarde”, e também quanto ao “menor” ou “maior” consumo energético no horário das 19:00h às 05:59h. A adequação do ganho de peso foi avaliada com base no valor do ganho de peso em cada trimestre dividido pelo valor do ganho de peso recomendado neste intervalo. O cronotipo foi obtido pelo ponto médio do sono corrigido para o débito de sono. Análises de regressão linear ajustadas para fatores de confusão foram realizadas para associar os horários relacionados aos padrões alimentares e o cronotipo com a qualidade da dieta no primeiro trimestre. Equações de Estimações Generalizadas (GEE) foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos do horário da primeira e da última refeição “mais cedo” ou “mais tarde” e o “menor” ou “maior” consumo energético noturno sobre os padrões alimentares, qualidade da dieta e ganho de peso durante a gestação. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, no primeiro trimestre gestacional, a maior duração da alimentação, o horário mais cedo da primeira refeição, o maior número de refeições e o cronotipo matutino foram associados à melhor qualidade da dieta - maiores escores do IQD-R total e/ou dos componentes frutas totais e inteiras. Os dados longitudinais mostraram que as gestantes que realizavam a primeira refeição mais cedo consumiam maior percentual de energia e carboidratos nas refeições da manhã e menor nas refeições da noite, e tiveram melhor qualidade de dieta para os componentes frutas totais e inteiras, quando comparadas às gestantes que realizavam a primeira refeição mais tarde. Além disso, as gestantes com maior consumo alimentar à noite tiveram maior ganho de peso excessivo no terceiro trimestre, quando comparado as com "menor" consumo noturno. Conclusão: Sugere-se que a realização da primeira refeição mais cedo tem relação com a melhor qualidade da dieta e o menor consumo alimentar nas refeições da noite, e que o menor consumo energético depois das 19h tem relação com o menor ganho de peso no terceiro trimestre. Os horários das refeições devem ser considerados nas orientações nutricionais pré-natais para promover o ganho de peso gestacional adequado e, consequentemente, a saúde materno-fetal

CONSUMPTION OF MINIMALLY PROCESSED AND ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS AMONG STUDENTS FROM PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare and analyze the consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods among students from public and private schools. Methods: Study conducted in Uberlândia, MG, with fifth-grade students from three private and six public schools, selected by stratified cluster sampling. We collected data on food consumption using the 24-hour recall. Foods were classified into four groups (G) according to extent and purpose of processing: fresh/minimally processed foods (G1) culinary ingredients (G2), processed foods (G3), and ultra-processed foods (G4). Total energy intake (kcal) of each group, amount of sugar (g), sodium (mg), and fiber (g) were quantified and compared according to administrative affiliation (private or public). Results: Percentage of total energy intake was: G1 - 52%; G2 - 12%; G3 - 5%; e G4 - 31%. Energy intake from G1 (53 vs. 47%), G2 (12 vs. 9%), and G3 (6.0 vs. 0.1%), and amount of sodium (3,293 vs. 2,724 mg) and fiber (23 vs. 18 g) were higher among students from public schools. Energy intake from G4 (36 vs. 28%) and amount of sugar (20 vs. 14%) were higher among students from private schools. The consumption of foods from G1 in the school environment was higher among students from public schools (40 vs. 9%). Conclusions: Foods from G1 represent the highest percentage of total energy intake, while those from G4 constitute a third of calories consumed. Processed juice, sandwich cookie, processed cake, and breakfast cereals are more frequent among private school students; snacks and juice powder are more common for students from public schools

Does sleep influence weight gain during pregnancy? A prospective study

Objective: The focus of this study was to evaluate the associations between subjective sleep quality and duration and weight gain during pregnancy. Methods: A prospective and longitudinal study was conducted with 63 pregnant women. Pregnant women were evaluated at the first, second and third trimester for subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and anthropometric variables for body mass index [BMI] calculation. The sleep quality was grouped per cluster, identifying those individuals who maintained, improved or worsened their sleep quality, based on the PSQI classifications. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the association between sleep and BMI over the pregnancy period. Results: An effect of the interaction between time of pregnancy and clusters of sleep quality was observed on the BMI (p<0.05), which indicates that pregnant women who improved subjective sleep quality during pregnancy gained more weight from the second to third trimester, while those that worsened the subjective sleep quality gained more weight during the first to second trimester. Sleep duration was not associated with weight gain. However, pregnant women who maintained the same BMI category over the pregnancy period increased their sleep duration from the first to third trimester, while those that increased the BMI category slept the same amount of time during this period (median=1.0 [0.0–2.0] and median=0.0 [-2.0–1.0], respectively, p=0.039). Conclusions: The authors concluded that a worse subjective sleep quality seems to lead to an inadequate weight gain distribution during the period of pregnancy

Body composition and risk for metabolic alterations in female adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To study anthropometrical and body composition variables as predictors of risk for metabolic alterations and metabolic syndrome in female adolescents.METHODS: Biochemical, clinical and corporal composition data of 100 adolescents from 14 to 17 years old, who attended public schools in Viçosa, Southeastern Brazil, were collected.RESULTS: Regarding nutritional status, 83, 11 and 6% showed eutrophia, overweight/obesity and low weight, respectively, and 61% presented high body fat percent. Total cholesterol presented the highest percentage of inadequacy (57%), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL - 50%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL - 47%) and triacylglycerol (22%). Inadequacy was observed in 11, 9, 3 and 4% in relation to insulin resistance, fasting insulin, blood pressure and glycemia, respectively. The highest values of the fasting insulin and the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) were verified at the highest quartiles of body mass index (BMI), waist perimeter, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percent. Body mass index, waist perimeter, and waist-to-height ratio were the better predictors for high levels of HOMA-IR, blood glucose and fasting insulin. Waist-to-hip ratio was associated to arterial hypertension diagnosis. All body composition variables were effective in metabolic syndrome diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Waist perimeter, BMI and waist-to-height ratio showed to be good predictors for metabolic alterations in female adolescents and then should be used together for the nutritional assessment in this age range

Impact of Chemotherapy on Diet and Nutritional Status of Women with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study.

Certain food groups are often rejected during chemotherapy (CT) due to the side effects of treatment, which may interfere with adequate diet and nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment impact on the diet and nutritional status of women with breast cancer (BC). In this prospective longitudinal study, conducted in 2014-2015, 55 women diagnosed with BC, with a mean age 51.5±10.1 years, were followed and data were collected at three different times. Anthropometric and dietary assessments were performed, the latter by applying nine 24h dietary recalls, by using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R), and calculating the prevalence of inadequacy by the EAR cut-off point method. Regarding the BHEI-R analysis, the majority of women had a "diet requires modification', both at the beginning (T0, 58.2%, n = 32) and during treatment (T1, 54.5%, n = 30). However, after the end of the CT, the greater percentage of patients (T2, 49.1%, n = 27) were classified as having an "inadequate diet", since the Total Fruit consumption as well as the Dark Green and Orange Vegetable and Legume consumption decreased significantly during treatment (p = 0.043 and p = 0.026, respectively). There was a significant reduction in the intake of macro and micronutrients, with a high prevalence of inadequacy, of up to 100%, for calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin C and zinc. Assessment of the nutritional status indicated that 56% (n = 31) of patients were overweight at these three different times. Weight, BMI and Waist Circumference increased significantly, indicating a worse nutritional status, and there was a correlation between poor diet quality and higher values for BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio and Waist-to-Height Ratio. Chemotherapy interferes in the patients' diet generating a negative impact on the quality and intake of micro and macronutrients, as well as an impact on their nutritional status, with an increase in anthropometric measurements

Oral Nutritional Supplementation Affects the Dietary Intake and Body Weight of Head and Neck Cancer Patients during (Chemo) Radiotherapy

Considering the symptoms of (chemo) radiotherapy and the reduction in food intake in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, this study aimed to investigate the association between treatment time points and oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on dietary intake to estimate the frequency of energy and nutrient inadequacy, and also to evaluate body weight changes (BWC). Dietary intake data of 65 patients were obtained from 24-h dietary recalls and prevalence of inadequacy was calculated before or at the beginning (T0), in the middle (T1), and at the end of treatment (T2). BWC were calculated as the weight difference considering the previous weight reported and/or measured. Energy and macronutrient intake decreased in T1 and then improved in T2 (p &lt; 0.001 for both). Micronutrient intake increased during treatment due to ONS use, but still presented a high probability of inadequate intake. In particular, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B6 showed almost 100% of probability of inadequacy for those who did not use ONS. Finally, overweight patients suffered a higher weight accumulated deficit with a delta of &minus;15 kg compared to other BMI (body mass index) categories. Therefore, we strongly recommend initiating nutritional counseling in conjunction with prophylactic ONS prescription from diagnosis to adjust nutrient intake and minimize weight loss