Caracterización de la pobreza subjetiva en Yomasa

Proyecto socialEl siguiente trabajo muestra la percepción de pobreza que tienen las personas que habitan en la UPZ 57 “Gran Yomasa” de la localidad de Usme en Bogotá. La Universidad Católica de Colombia, desarrolla el programa de Responsabilidad social “Programa Institucional Yomasa”, a través del cual se logró aplicar los instrumentos que permiten validar los resultados sobre la caracterización de la pobreza subjetiva en Yomasa.Resumen Palabras clave 1. Introducion 2. Marco teorico 3. Metodologia 4. Resultados 5. Concluciones 6. Dificultades y recomendaciones Referencias AnexosPregradoEconomist

A methodology for the characterization of land use using medium-resolution spatial images

Introducción: La caracterización de los usos del suelo representa uno de los insumos indispensables para el manejo de los recursos naturales a diferentes escalas. Objetivo: Desarrollar una metodología para caracterizar el uso del suelo en la cuenca superior del arroyo del Azul (Buenos Aires, Argentina), a través de la fusión de imágenes satelitales de media resolución espacial. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una serie temporal de 23 imágenes del índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI, por sus siglas en inglés) del satélite MODIS-Terra (producto MOD13Q1) para el periodo mayo 2015 - mayo 2016. Además, se emplearon imágenes Landsat 8 para discriminar algunas categorías difíciles de clasificar con NDVI-MODIS. El mapa final de coberturas se validó considerando puntos de verificación independientes al proceso de clasificación; su precisión se evaluó a través del estadístico Kappa. Resultados y discusión: La serie temporal de NDVI permitió reconocer los patrones fenológicos de las coberturas y usos del suelo de mayor representatividad en la región. Se discriminaron siete coberturas; los usos agrícolas representaron 81.5 % de la superficie, siendo el sistema de doble cultivo trigo-soya (soja en Argentina) el predominante (39.4 %). La precisión global del mapa final fue alta (88.9 %, coeficiente Kappa = 0.86). Conclusión: La metodología empleada tiene la ventaja de ser rápida y replicable, para caracterizar los usos del suelo de una región determinada y evaluar sus cambios potenciales a lo largo del tiempo.Introduction: The characterization of land uses represents one of the essential inputs for the management of natural resources at different scales. Objective: To develop a methodology to characterize land use in the upper creek basin from the Azul stream (Buenos Aires, Argentina), through the fusion of satellite images with a medium spatial resolution. Materials and methods: A time-series of 23 images was used from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the MODIS-Terra satellite (product MOD13Q1) for the period May 2015 - May 2016. Landsat 8 images were used to discriminate some categories difficult to classify with NDVI-MODIS. The final cover map was validated regarding verification points independent to the classification process; its accuracy was evaluated by means of the Kappa statistic. Results and discussion: The NDVI time series allowed to recognize the phenological patterns of the covers and land use of greater representativeness in the region. Seven land cover were discriminated; the agricultural uses represented 81.5 % of the surface, double-crop wheat-soya (soybean in Argentina) system predominated (39.4 %). The overall accuracy of the final map was high (88.9 %, Kappa coefficient = 0.86). Conclusion: The methodology used has the advantage of being quick and replicable, to characterize the land uses of a given region and to evaluate its potential changes over time.Fil: Guevara Ochoa, Cristian. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Rectorado. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras - Sede Azul. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras - Sede Azul; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lara, Bruno Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios en Teledetección de Azul; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vives, Luis Sebastián. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Rectorado. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras - Sede Azul. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras - Sede Azul; ArgentinaFil: Zimmermann, Erik Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Centro Universidad Rosario de Investigaciones Hidroambientales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gandini, Marcelo Luciano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios en Teledetección de Azul; Argentin

Psychological and clinical correlates of posttraumatic growth in cancer. A systematic and critical review

Objective The objective of this study is to describe major findings on posttraumatic growth (PTG) in cancer, by analyzing its various definitions, assessment tools, and examining its main psychological and clinical correlates. Methods A search in relevant databases (PsycINFO, Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) was performed using descriptors related to the positive reactions in cancer. Articles were screened by title, abstract, and full text. Results Seventy-two met the inclusion criteria. Most articles (46%) focused on breast cancer, used the PTG inventory (76%), and had a cross-sectional design (68%). The PTG resulted inversely associated with depressive and anxious symptoms and directly related to hope, optimism, spirituality, and meaning. Illness-related variables have been poorly investigated compared to psychological ones. Articles found no relationship between cancer site, cancer surgery, cancer recurrence, and PTG. Some correlations emerged with the elapsed time since diagnosis, type of oncological treatment received, and cancer stage. Only few studies differentiated illness-related-life-threatening stressors from other forms of trauma, and the potentially different mechanisms connected with PTG outcome in cancer patients. Conclusions The evaluation of PTG in cancer patients is worthy, because it may promote a better adaption to the illness. However, many investigations do not explicitly refer to the medical nature of the trauma, and they may have not completely captured the full spectrum of positive reactions in cancer patients. Future research should better investigate issues such as health attitudes; the risks of future recurrences; and the type, quality, and efficacy of medical treatments received and their influence on PTG in cancer patients

Método de las ondas viajeras para el análisis de fallas en una línea de transmisión de alta tensión

This paper presents an analysis of the error presented in the location of faults by the traveling wave method, and the traveling wave method analyzing reflected waves. This analysis arises from the results of the simulation of a high voltage transmission line in the ATP-EMTP software that allows us to simulate faults in a very graphical way and gives, as a result, the waveform presented at the measurement points. The results show similar behavior between theoretical behavior and simulation.En este artículo se presenta un análisis sobre el error presentado en la ubicación de fallas por el método de ondas viajeras, y el método de ondas viajeras analizando ondas reflejadas. Este análisis surge de los resultados de la simulación de una línea de transmisión en alta tensión en el software ATP-EMTP que nos permite simular fallas de una forma bastante gráfica, y da como resultado la forma de onda presentada en los puntos de medición. Los resultados muestran comportamientos similares entre comportamiento teórico y simulación

Una metodología para el manejo integral de extremos hídricos en una cuenca rural en zona de llanura : Caso de estudio: Cuenca Arroyo Santa Catalina, provincia de Buenos Aires

Las regiones de llanuras son escenarios frágiles ante extremos hídricos que generan conflictos sociales, políticos y económicos. Extensas áreas son afectadas por estos extremos: en el caso de los excesos hídricos, la incapacidad del relieve para evacuar volúmenes importantes de agua y el aumento de los niveles freáticos producen anegamientos, mientras que en sequía la disminución del recurso hídrico en cuanto a calidad y cantidad, genera una mayor vulnerabilidad en la región. Para cuantificar los procesos de extremos hídricos en la Pampa Deprimida se implementó el modelo Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT, 2009) en la cuenca del arroyo Santa Catalina (área de 138 km2). Este modelo matemático semidistribuido continuo permitió modelar el flujo subterráneo y la escorrentía superficial con el fin de analizar los impactos del uso del suelo. Por medio del cálculo de precipitación efectiva realizado con el programa SWAT, se analiza la propagación de un evento de inundación en la cuenca a través del acoplamiento con el modelo SSHH I (Riccardi, 2000; Rentería y Stenta, 2003), basado en esquemas de celdas, el cual analiza el escurrimiento superficial multidireccional en zonas de llanura, ya que en estas áreas se genera un movimiento errático del agua, donde se mueven grandes volúmenes de agua con una mayor área de expansión cubriendo toda la sección y generando una conexión de zonas bajas. Para la simulación de la escorrentía superficial con el SSHH I se utilizaron dos eventos de lluvia, el evento del 19/08/2002 para la calibración del modelo y el evento del 17/05/2012 para la validación. A través de estos dos modelos se analizan escenarios hipotéticos de cambio de uso del suelo, prácticas de manejo de cultivo e implementación de obras hidráulicas a fin de regular los extremos hídricos en la cuenca. Los resultados permiten llegar a una reducción del escurrimiento superficial en un 28% y un aumento de la humedad del suelo en 9%, mientras que en los eventos de lluvia se reduce el impacto de la crecida en un 21%. Con estas propuestas hipotéticas se disminuye el impacto de las inundaciones y se aumenta la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo en los periodos de sequía. De este análisis se desprenden recomendaciones para modelar procesos hidrológicos en zonas de llanura, donde se reconoce que para obtener una adecuada simulación del escurrimiento superficial y subsuperficial dependerá en gran parte del grado de ajuste del modelo de elevación digital a la realidad, que pueden producir distorsiones locales por las vías de comunicación y en los bajos, y no permiten una adecuada definición de la dirección y cantidad del escurrimiento.Plain landscapes are usually exposed to extreme hydrological events that generate social, political and economic conflicts. Large areas are affected by these extremes. In the case of water excesses, flat relief makes difficult to drain surface water away giving rise to waterlogging and groundwater table rising. Conversely, droughts affect production due to the lack of surface and ground water. To quantify extreme hydrologic processes in the Depressed Pampa, the SWAT model was evaluated at the Santa Catalina creek watershed (138 km2). This mathematical, continuous and semi-distributed model allowed modeling groundwater flow and surface runoff, in order to analyze the impact of land use changes. SWAT was used to simulate a 10-year period (2003-2012), with extremes of flood and drought, considering a warming-up period of 3 years (2003-2005). A statistical evaluation showed that SWAT was able to predict daily flows, with a Nash Suftclife Efficiency (NSE) of 0.66 for the calibration period (2006-2007) and 0.74 at validation period (2011-2012). Based on the effective precipitation computed by SWAT flow routing of a flooding event was analyzed by coupling with the SSHH I model (Riccardi 2000; Renteria and Stenta, 2003). This model allows analyzing multi-directional runoff over flat lands, using a cell-scheme. Multidirectional runoff analysis is relevant in these landscapes where significant water volumes spread out on the surface connecting depressions and hollows . To simulate surface runoff with SSHH I two rain events were used: the event of 02/08/2002 for model calibration and the event of 17/05/2012 were used for validation. According to the results, the most critical areas for flooding in the basin were the lower section due to Route 3, which forms a barrier that interrupts water flow,; sourrounding areas to the floodplain along the stream due to overflows, and water storage in some depressions located at the northern of the basin. Using both models, potential scenarios of land use change, crop management practices and hidraulic structures in order to control water excesses in the basin, were analyzed. If these scenarios were implemented, annual surface runoff might be reduced by 28% and available soil water content might increase 9%, on average. In addition, the flood risk caused by rainfall events would be reduced on a 21%, leading to an increasing water availability in the soil during dry periods. Results showed that modeling hydrological processes of surface and subsurface runoff is largely depending on the correction of the digital elevation model, in flat plains. Local distortions may impact on the flow pattern giving rise to an incorrect definition of the flow direction and runoff volume.El título de Magíster en Ecohidrología es otorgado de manera conjunta por la Facultad de Ingeniería y la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata.Facultad de Ingenierí

Spatio-temporal effect of climate change on water balance and interactions between groundwater and surface water in plains

The analysis of the impact of climate change on water resources in plains requires integral simulation tools that quantify topographic complexity and the strong interaction of groundwater and surface water components (GW-SW). The objective of this study is to implement a coupled hydrological-hydrogeological model under climate change scenarios in order to quantify the spatio-temporal dynamics of water balance and GW-SW interactions for the upper creek basin of Del Azul, which is located in the center of the province of Buenos Aires. The simulation was carried out for a baseline scenario calibrated and validated for the period 2003–2015 and contrasted with two scenarios of the regional climate model CCSM4, RCP (4.5 and 8.5) simulated for the period 2020–2050. First, the annual and monthly anomalies of precipitation, temperature, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, recharge, flow, as well as the discharge, head level and reserves of groundwater are studied. Then the spatio-temporal anomalies of the GW-SW interaction were analyzed and finally wet and dry periods by means of the standardized precipitation index and the annual water balance were studied. Simulation results show that climate change will significantly alter the spatio-temporal patterns of the GW-SW interaction as well as the water balance. These showed monthly, seasonal and annual variations. They show an increase in most of the components of the water balance towards the middle of the 21st century, except soil moisture. Regarding GW-SW interactions, the average annual discharge of the aquifer to the stream is expected to increase by 5% with RCP 4.5 while it will increase 24% with RCP 8.5. The recharge from the stream to the aquifer is expected to increase by 12% with RCP 4.5 while a decrease by 5% with RCP 8.5. Concerning the SPI related to the water balance for the period 2020–2050, alternations of both the time and the length of dry and wet periods are expected for the two scenarios, with RCP 4.5 low frequency of wet episodes, but with a greater severity and permanence in time in contrast to RCP 8.5 that presents less frequency in dry periods, but with high permanence and severity. Climate change could alter groundwater mainly through changes in the recharge, leading to modify groundwater levels and this will cause GW-SW flow to be reversed in some sectors of the stream by increasing or decreasing groundwater discharge into the stream.Fil: Guevara Ochoa, Cristian. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff"; ArgentinaFil: Sierra, Agustín Medina. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Vives, Luis Sebastián. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff"; Argentin

Phenylenevinylene Systems: The Oligomer Approach

Among conducting polymers, poly-p-phenylenevinylenes (PPVs) have attained a special place in polymer electronics. The optoelectronic properties initially exposed by PPVs in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) turned these organic electronic conjugated systems from the solo academic interest into a technologically very promising area. The easiness of the tuning of their optoelectronic properties through synthetic modifications make PPVs an outstanding and suitable compound for technological applications and fundamental science development. Unfortunately, the synthesis and structural optoelectronic characterization of novel PPVs is a long and difficult task that sometimes yields unclear results. However, phenylenevinylene oligomers (oPV) can be synthesized and characterized in a very straightforward manner, and their performance in novel applications can be directly related to their structural analogue polymer, methodology designated as the oligomer approach. Herein, we describe the oligomer approach using the Mizoroki-Heck reaction as a synthetic route for oPVs and PPVs, and the importance of an extensive characterization for novel applications, such as photocatalysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices, where these electronic conjugated systems have very promising applications

Stress and Growth in Cancer: Mechanisms and Psychotherapeutic Interventions to Facilitate a Constructive Balance

Post-traumatic stress and growth are common responses to adverse life events such as cancer. In this article, we establish how cancer becomes a “fertile land” for the emergence of stress and growth responses and analyze the main mechanisms involved. Stress-growth responses on adjusting to cancer is potentially determined by factors like the phase of the illness (e.g., initial phases vs. period of survivorship), patient’s coping strategies, meaning-making, and relationships with significant others. We also review the mechanisms of constructive and adaptative stress-growth balances in cancer to study the predictors, interrelated associations, triggering mechanisms, long-term results, and specific trajectories of these two responses to cancer. Finally, we update the evidence on the role of these stress-growth associations in psychologically adjusting to cancer. Together with this evidence, we summarize preliminary results regarding the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions that aim to facilitate a constructive psychological balance between stress and growth in cancer patients. Recommendations for future research and gaps in knowledge on stress-growth processes in this illness are also highlighted. Researchers are encouraged to design and use psychotherapeutic interventions according to the dynamic and changeable patients’ sources of stress and growth along the illness. Relevant insights are proposed to understand the inconsistency of stress-growth literature and to promote psychotherapeutic interventions to facilitate a constructive balance between these key responses in cancer

Estudio de zonificación de la comunidad de Imbiola para implantar el ecoturismo como alternativa ocupacional y económica sostenible que permita mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes

Implementar un sistema de zonificación que promueva un manejo apropiado de los recursos, en actividades ecoturisticas, en la zona de ImbiolaEl presente trabajo investigativo tiene como propósito de determinar el mal uso de los recursos de la comunidad de Imbiola, zona que por su nivel natural ha logrado una gran importancia en la investigación, la exploración se concentra en analizar el uso de los recursos naturales y turísticos y así determinar un sistema que mejore el nivel de vida de los pobladores del sector, el sistema de zonificación turística ayudará a mejorar las acciones sostenibles como el ecoturismo, alternativa que no deja a un lado las actividades diarias y que mejorará la situación de la comunidad