Transgenerational Effects of pCO2-Driven Ocean Acidification on Adult Mussels Mytilus chilensis Modulate Physiological Response to Multiple Stressors in Larvae

The effect of CO2-driven ocean acidification (OA) on marine biota has been extensively studied mostly on a single stage of the life cycle. However, the cumulative and population-level response to this global stressor may be biased due to transgenerational effects and their impacts on physiological plasticity. In this study, we exposed adult mussels Mytilus chilensis undergoing gametogenesis to two pCO2 levels (550 and 1200 μatm) for 16 weeks, aiming to understand if prolonged exposure of reproductive individuals to OA can affect the performance of their offspring, which, in turn, were reared under multiple stressors (pCO2, temperature, and dissolved cadmium). Our results indicate dependence between the level of pCO2 of the broodstock (i.e., parental effect) and the performance of larval stages in terms of growth and physiological rates, as a single effect of temperature. While main effects of pCO2 and cadmium were observed for larval growth and ingestion rates, respectively, the combined exposure to stressors had antagonistic effects. Moreover, we found a suppression of feeding activity in post-spawning broodstock upon high pCO2 conditions. Nevertheless, this observation was not reflected in the final weight of the broodstock and oocyte diameter. Due to the ecological and socioeconomic importance of mussels’ species around the globe, the potential implications of maternal effects for the physiology, survival, and recruitment of larvae under combined global-change stressors warrant further investigation

Effect of environmental factors on bee activity and onion (Allium cepa L.) seed yield = Efecto de factores ambientales en la actividad de la abeja y en el rendimiento de semilla de cebolla (Allium cepa L.)

Pollinators are required to produce onion seeds. This specie is one of the main vegetable crops. Two types of onion varieties are mainly grown worldwide: hybrids and open pollination (OP) cultivars. Although hybrids offer advantages to bulb growers, seed yields of hybrids are lower than OP cultivars and that is a significant problem. The influence of environmental factors (temperature, radiation, rainfall, relative humidity (RH) and wind speed) was determined, as well as bee attraction and seed production in three locations of the main onion seed production area in Argentina. Nine male sterile lines (MSL) and one OP were used. The results obtained showed a marked variability in the attraction of bees and seed production between the OP and MSL and within MLS. In addition, environmental factors such as minimun temperature or RH were determinant to modify bee foraging behavior, where values lower than 9°C and 22%, respectively, caused that bees stop their activity.Los polinizadores son necesarios para producir semillas de cebolla. Esta especie es uno de los principales cultivos hortícolas. Dos tipos de variedades de cebolla se cultivan principalmente en todo el mundo: híbridos y cultivares de polinización abierta (PA). Aunque los híbridos ofrecen ventajas a los cultivadores de bulbos, los rendimientos de semillas de los híbridos son más bajos que los cultivares PA y eso es un problema impor-tante. Se determinó la influencia de los factores ambientales (temperatura, radiación, precipitación, humedad relativa (HR) y velocidad del viento), así como la atracción de abejas y la producción de semillas en tres localidades, de principal zona productora de semillas de cebolla en Argentina. Se utilizaron nueve líneas androestériles (LAE) y una PA. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una marcada variabilidad en la atracción de abejas y la producción de semillas entre la variedad PA y las LAE y dentro de las LAE. Además, los factores ambientales, como la temperatura mínima o HR, fueron determinantes para modificar el comportamiento de alimentación de las abejas, donde valores inferiores a 9°C y 22%, respectivamente, hicieron que las abejas detuvieran su actividad.EEA La ConsultaFil: Caselles, Cristian A. Bayer Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Verónica C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina.Fil: Galmarini, Claudio Romulo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Onion Hybrid Seed Production: Relation with Nectar Composition and Flower Traits

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the main vegetable crops. Pollinators are required for onion seed production, being honeybees the most used. Around the world, two types of onion varieties are grown: open pollinated (OP) and hybrids. Hybrids offer numerous advantages to growers, but usually have lower seed yields than OP cultivars, which in many cases compromise the success of new hybrids. As pollination is critical for seed set, understanding the role of floral rewards and attractants to pollinator species is the key to improve crop seed yield. In this study, the correlation of nectar-analyzed compounds, floral traits, and seed yield under open field conditions in two experimental sites was determined. Nectar composition was described through the analysis of sugars, phenol, and alkaloid compounds. Length and width of the style and tepals of the flowers were measured to describe floral traits. Floral and nectar traits showed differences among the studied lines. For nectar traits, we found a significant influence of the environment where plants were cultivated. Nonetheless, flower traits were not influenced by the experimental sites. The OP and the male-sterile lines (MSLs) showed differences in nectar chemical composition and floral traits. In addition, there were differences between and within MSLs, some of which were correlated with seed yield, bringing the opportunity to select the most productive MSL, using simple determinations of morphological characters like the length of the style or tepals size.EEA La ConsultaFil: Soto Vargas, Verónica Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Caselles, Cristian A. Monsanto Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Galmarini, Claudio Romulo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Microvascular Decompression for a Patient with a Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: A Technical Note

The glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) constitutes approximately 0.2-1.3% of all facial pain syndromes. The GPN is a syndrome of neuropathic pain characterized by paroxysmal pain episodes localized in the posterior tongue, tonsil, throat, or external ear canal. The first-line treatment is pharmacological. Patients who are refractory to medical therapy can be treated surgically with microvascular decompression (MVD) or sectioning the IX nerve and the upper rootlets of the X nerve. We aim to describe the technical nuances of MVD of the IX cranial nerve with a targeted inferior mini-craniotomy in a patient with a neurovascular compression

Drought tolerance conferred to sugarcane by association with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus: a transcriptomic view of hormone pathways

Sugarcane interacts with particular types of beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria that provide fixed-nitrogen and plant growth hormones to host plants, promoting an increase in plant biomass. Other benefits, as enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses have been reported to some diazotrophs. Here we aim to study the effects of the association between the diazotroph Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 and sugarcane cv. SP70-1143 during water depletion by characterizing differential transcriptome profiles of sugarcane. RNA-seq libraries were generated from roots and shoots of sugarcane plants free of endophytes that were inoculated with G. diazotrophicus and subjected to water depletion for 3 days. A sugarcane reference transcriptome was constructed and used for the identification of differentially expressed transcripts. The differential profile of non-inoculated SP70-1143 suggests that it responds to water deficit stress by the activation of drought-responsive markers and hormone pathways, as ABA and Ethylene. qRT-PCR revealed that root samples had higher levels of G. diazotrophicus 3 days after water deficit, compared to roots of inoculated plants watered normally. With prolonged drought only inoculated plants survived, indicating that SP70-1143 plants colonized with G. diazotrophicus become more tolerant to drought stress than non-inoculated plants. Strengthening this hypothesis, several gene expression responses to drought were inactivated or regulated in an opposite manner, especially in roots, when plants were colonized by the bacteria. The data suggests that colonized roots would not be suffering from stress in the same way as non-inoculated plants. On the other hand, shoots specifically activate ABA-dependent signaling genes, which could act as key elements in the drought resistance conferred by G. diazotrophicus to SP70-1143. This work reports for the first time the involvement of G. diazotrophicus in the promotion of drought-tolerance to sugarcane cv. SP70-1143, and it describes the initial molecular events that may trigger the increased drought tolerance in the host plant

Importance of the urinary system evaluation in adult patients with spina bifida

Los pacientes con espina bífida pueden presentar defectos multisistémicos siendo el sistema urinario uno de los principales en afectarse. En las últimas décadas ha aumentado la población de pacientes adultos con espina bífida debido a la mejora en la sobrevida desde la edad pediátrica, por lo que surge la necesidad de conocer el manejo de estos pacientes tanto por el equipo de salud tratante de adultos, como por ellos mismos y sus cuidadores. Esta revisión ha sido elaborada con bibliografía de la base de datos PubMed desde 1977 a 2018 usando términos MeSH “spina bífida” y “urinary”, además de la experiencia chilena. Se describen las principales complicaciones del sistema urinario en pacientes adultos con espina bífida y sugerencias de su manejo.The patients with spina bifida may have multisistemic defects, mainly the urinary system. Population of adult patients with spina bifida has increased in last decades by the improved survival from pediatric age, emerging the need to know the management of these patients by clinicians, patients and their caregivers. This review was made with scientific articles available in PubMed database from 1977-2018 using search MeSH terms “spina bifida” and “urinary”, and the Chilean experience. Herein we discuss the main complications of urinary system of adult patients with spina bifida and their suggestive management

Riverine discharges impact physiological traits and carbon sources for shell carbonate in the marine intertidal mussel Perumytilus purpuratus

Anthropogenic modification watersheds and climate change have altered export from fluvial systems causing changes to the carbonate chemistry of river-influenced near shore environments. To determine the possible effects of riverine discharges on the mussel Perumytilus purpuratus, we performed in situ transplant experiments between river-influenced and open coastal habitats with contrasting seawater carbonate chemistries (i.e., pCO₂, pH, Ω[subscript]ar) across four regions covering a wide latitudinal range (32°55′S–40°10′S). The river-influenced habitats selected for transplant experiments were different than open coastal habitats; with higher pCO₂ (354–1313 μatm), lower pH (7.6–7.9) and Ω[subscript]ar values (0.4–1.4) than in open coastal area. Growth, calcification, metabolism were measured in a reciprocal transplant experiment to determine physiological responses associated with river-influenced sites and non-influenced control sites. Growth and calcification rates were higher in river-influenced habitats; however the organisms in this area also had lower metabolic rates, possibly due to enhanced food supply from river systems. Further analysis of carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) indicated that the relative contribution of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the carbonate shells of P. purpuratus was much higher than respiratory carbon. Nevertheless, P. purpuratus incorporated between 7% and 26% of metabolic carbon in the shell depending on season. There was a strong, significant relationship between δ¹³C[subscript]POC and δ¹³C[subscript]Tissue, which likely influenced the isotopic composition of the shell carbon.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography and can be found at: http://www.aslo.org/lo/index.htm

¿Mastozoología por desconocer o mastozoología por conocer?

As a scientific discipline, mastozoology is our best approach to the methodical and systematic study of all aspects that are associated with mammals. Although, as a result of more than three centuries of history, enormous advances have been made in their knowledge, there are still innumerable questions, unresolved issues and problems to be solved. This means a huge opportunity for the exercise of the discipline itself, and, in addition, a call for attention to all generations of mastozoologists to fill these gaps.Como disciplina científica, la mastozoología es nuestra mejor aproximación al estudio metódico y sistemático de todos los aspectos que se asocian con los mamíferos. Aunque como resultado de más de tres siglos de historia se han hecho enormes avances en su conocimiento, aún quedan innumerables preguntas, temas sin resolver y problemas por solucionar. Esto significa una enorme oportunidad para el ejercicio mismo de la disciplina, y, además, un llamado de atención a todas las generaciones de mastozoólogos para llenar estos vacíos

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Galactic Dust Structure and the Cosmic PAH Background in Cross-correlation with WISE

We present a cross-correlation analysis between $1'$ resolution total intensity and polarization observations from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) at 150 and 220 GHz and 15$''$ mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) over 107 12.5$^\circ\times$12.5$^\circ$ patches of sky. We detect a spatially isotropic signal in the WISE$\times$ACT $TT$ cross power spectrum at 30$\sigma$ significance that we interpret as the correlation between the cosmic infrared background at ACT frequencies and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission from galaxies in WISE, i.e., the cosmic PAH background. Within the Milky Way, the Galactic dust $TT$ spectra are generally well-described by power laws in $\ell$ over the range 10$^3 < \ell <$10$^4$, but there is evidence both for variability in the power law index and for non-power law behavior in some regions. We measure a positive correlation between WISE total intensity and ACT $E$-mode polarization at 1000$< \ell \lesssim$6000 at $>$3$\sigma$ in each of 35 distinct $\sim$100 deg$^2$ regions of the sky, suggesting alignment between Galactic density structures and the local magnetic field persists to sub-parsec physical scales in these regions. The distribution of $TE$ amplitudes in this $\ell$ range across all 107 regions is biased to positive values, while there is no evidence for such a bias in the $TB$ spectra. This work constitutes the highest-$\ell$ measurements of the Galactic dust $TE$ spectrum to date and indicates that cross-correlation with high-resolution mid-infrared measurements of dust emission is a promising tool for constraining the spatial statistics of dust emission at millimeter wavelengths.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Ap

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Millimeter Observations of a Population of Asteroids or: ACTeroids

We present fluxes and light curves for a population of asteroids at millimeter (mm) wavelengths, detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) over 18, 000 deg2 of the sky using data from 2017 to 2021. We utilize high cadence maps, which can be used in searching for moving objects such as asteroids and trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), as well as for studying transients. We detect 160 asteroids with a signal-to-noise of at least 5 in at least one of the ACT observing bands, which are centered near 90, 150, and 220 GHz. For each asteroid, we compare the ACT measured flux to predicted fluxes from the Near Earth Asteroid Thermal Model (NEATM) fit to WISE data. We confirm previous results that detected a deficit of flux at millimeter wavelengths. Moreover, we report a spectral characteristic to this deficit, such that the flux is relatively lower at 150 and 220 GHz than at 90 GHz. Additionally, we find that the deficit in flux is greater for S-type asteroids than for C-type.Comment: 15 pages, 9 Figures, 4 Table