Áreas potenciais para a criação de rã-touro-gigante (lithobates catesbeianus SHAW, 1802) na região Sul do Brasil.

A ranicultura demonstra ser promissora no Brasil, principalmente como atividade rural voltada à agricultura familiar e aos pequenos agricultores. A presente pesquisa objetivou levantar preliminarmente os ranários ativos existentes atualmente na região Sul e a sua distribuição espacial, além de delimitar áreas potenciais naturais e áreas com restrições de temperatura mínima do ar, umidade relativa do ar e altitude para a criação da rã-touro-gigante (Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802). No levantamento preliminar, foram contabilizados 16 ranários distribuídos em dois municípios do Paraná (PR), 5 em Santa Catarina (SC) e 2 no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Entre os estados da região Sul, somente uma pequena área do PR, localizada entre as mesorregiões do noroeste paranaense e norte central paranaense, apresentou potencial natural ideal para o criatório. As áreas com restrição de temperatura mínima do ar representam uma grande área dos estados do PR e SC e a porção sudeste e nordeste do RS. As áreas com restrição de temperatura mínima e umidade relativa do ar estão localizadas na faixa sudoeste do RS e na faixa centro-norte do PR. O número reduzido de ranários na região Sul deve-se, muito provavelmente, à necessidade de instalações climatizadas ou de manejo voltado à adequação microclimática das instalações

Áreas potenciais para a criação de rã-touro gigante Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) na região Sudeste do Brasil.

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Áreas potenciais para a criação de rã-touro-gigante (lithobates catesbeianus SHAW, 1802) na região Sul do Brasil.

A ranicultura demonstra ser promissora no Brasil, principalmente como atividade rural voltada à agricultura familiar e aos pequenos agricultores. A presente pesquisa objetivou levantar preliminarmente os ranários ativos existentes atualmente na região Sul e a sua distribuição espacial, além de delimitar áreas potenciais naturais e áreas com restrições de temperatura mínima do ar, umidade relativa do ar e altitude para a criação da rã-touro-gigante (Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802). No levantamento preliminar, foram contabilizados 16 ranários distribuídos em dois municípios do Paraná (PR), 5 em Santa Catarina (SC) e 2 no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Entre os estados da região Sul, somente uma pequena área do PR, localizada entre as mesorregiões do noroeste paranaense e norte central paranaense, apresentou potencial natural ideal para o criatório. As áreas com restrição de temperatura mínima do ar representam uma grande área dos estados do PR e SC e a porção sudeste e nordeste do RS. As áreas com restrição de temperatura mínima e umidade relativa do ar estão localizadas na faixa sudoeste do RS e na faixa centro-norte do PR. O número reduzido de ranários na região Sul deve-se, muito provavelmente, à necessidade de instalações climatizadas ou de manejo voltado à adequação microclimática das instalações

Distribuição espacial e áreas potenciais para a criação de rã-touro gigante (Rana catesbeiana SHAW, 1802) na região sudeste do Brasil.

A ranicultura apresenta infraestrutura (logística), condições ambientais e mercado potencial promissores em algumas localizações do Brasil. O presente trabalho objetivou fazer o levantamento dos ranários ativos atuais existentes na Região Sudeste e da sua distribuição espacial, e determinar áreas com potencial alto, intermediário e baixo para a criação da rã-touro gigante (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802) considerando-se restrições como altitude, temperatura mínima e umidade relativa do ar (UR). No levantamento, foram contabilizados 144 ranários distribuídos em 60 municípios em São Paulo (SP), 16 no Rio de Janeiro (RJ), dez em Minas Gerais (MG) e três no Espírito Santo (ES). Regiões de ES e RJ apresentaram alto potencial criatório; a faixa oriental sentido norte-sul e pequena faixa estreita central em MG, o noroeste e o sudoeste de SP, além de faixa litorânea centro-sul de SP apresentaram potencial intermediário. Áreas com restrição quanto à temperatura mínima tomam grande área da região central até o sul de MG e mais da metade do centro-leste de SP (maior extensão). Áreas com restrição quanto à UR do ar situam-se na faixa noroestesudoeste de MG e na faixa centro-leste de SP. Entre todos os estados da Região Sudeste, o ES apresentou a maior extensão territorial com áreas de alto potencial natural para criação de rã-touro gigante. As informações obtidas pelo levantamento evidenciaram problemas logísticos (dificuldades de comercialização, grande distância do produtor aos poucos abatedouros ou indústria de processamento), além da falta de informações oficiais e de assistência e apoio governamental à ranicultura, principalmente em ES e MG

Complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal RNA operons of two species of Diplostomum (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda): a molecular resource for taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of important fish pathogens

© 2015 Brabec et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article

Personalised service? Changing the role of the government librarian

Investigates the feasibility of personalised information service in a government department. A qualitative methodology explored stakeholder opinions on the remit, marketing, resourcing and measurement of the service. A questionnaire and interviews gathered experiences of personalised provision across the government sector. Potential users were similarly surveyed to discuss how the service could meet their needs. Data were analysed using coding techniques to identify emerging theory. Lessons learned from government librarians centred on clarifying requirements, balancing workloads and selective marketing. The user survey showed low usage and awareness of existing specialist services, but high levels of need and interest in services repackaged as a tailored offering. Fieldwork confirmed findings from the literature on the scope for adding value through information management advice, information skills training and substantive research assistance and the need to understand business processes and develop effective partnerships. Concluding recommendations focus on service definition, strategic marketing, resource utilisation and performance measurement

A video life-world approach to consultation practice: The relevance of a socio-phenomenological approach

This article discusses the [development and] use of a video life-world schema to explore alternative orientations to the shared health consultation. It is anticipated that this schema can be used by practitioners and consumers alike to understand the dynamics of videoed health consultations, the role of the participants within it and the potential to consciously alter the outcome by altering behaviour during the process of interaction. The study examines health consultation participation and develops an interpretative method of analysis that includes image elicitation (via videos), phenomenology (to identify the components of the analytic framework), narrative (to depict the stories of interactions) and a reflexive mode (to develop shared meaning through a conceptual framework for analysis). The analytic framework is derived from a life-world conception of human mutual shared interaction which is presented here as a novel approach to understanding patient-centred care. The video materials used in this study were derived from consultations in a Walk-in Centre (WiC) in East London. The conceptual framework produced through the process of video analysis is comprised of different combinations of movement, knowledge and emotional conversations that are used to classify objective or engaged WiC health care interactions. The videoed interactions organise along an active or passive, facilitative or directive typical situation continuum illustrating different kinds of textual approaches to practice that are in tension or harmony. The schema demonstrates how practitioners and consumers interact to produce these outcomes and indicates the potential for both consumers and practitioners to be educated to develop practice dynamics that support patient-centred care and impact on health outcomes

Nematode endoparasites do not codiversify with their stick insect hosts.

Host-parasite coevolution stems from reciprocal selection on host resistance and parasite infectivity, and can generate some of the strongest selective pressures known in nature. It is widely seen as a major driver of diversification, the most extreme case being parallel speciation in hosts and their associated parasites. Here, we report on endoparasitic nematodes, most likely members of the mermithid family, infecting different Timema stick insect species throughout California. The nematodes develop in the hemolymph of their insect host and kill it upon emergence, completely impeding host reproduction. Given the direct exposure of the endoparasites to the host's immune system in the hemolymph, and the consequences of infection on host fitness, we predicted that divergence among hosts may drive parallel divergence in the endoparasites. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested the presence of two differentiated endoparasite lineages. However, independently of whether the two lineages were considered separately or jointly, we found a complete lack of codivergence between the endoparasitic nematodes and their hosts in spite of extensive genetic variation among hosts and among parasites. Instead, there was strong isolation by distance among the endoparasitic nematodes, indicating that geography plays a more important role than host-related adaptations in driving parasite diversification in this system. The accumulating evidence for lack of codiversification between parasites and their hosts at macroevolutionary scales contrasts with the overwhelming evidence for coevolution within populations, and calls for studies linking micro- versus macroevolutionary dynamics in host-parasite interactions

The Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft-Past, Present, and Future

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with this trend predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Common disorders are associated with the stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The preferred treatment for the long-term revascularization of occluded vessels is surgery utilizing vascular grafts, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and peripheral artery bypass grafting. Currently, autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), outperforming synthetic alternatives. However, these vessels are of limited availability, require invasive harvest, and are often unsuitable for use. To address this, the development of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) has been rigorously pursued. This article reviews the current state of the art of TEVGs. The various approaches being explored to generate TEVGs are described, including scaffold-based methods (using synthetic and natural polymers), the use of decellularized natural matrices, and tissue self-assembly processes, with the results of various in vivo studies, including clinical trials, highlighted. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, including graft cell source, mechanical properties, hemodynamics, integration, and assessment in animal models, is then presented

Biochemical, physiological, and performance response of a functional watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline during a half-marathon race

Background: Watermelon is a rich natural source of l-citrulline. This non-essential amino acid increases exercise performance. Objective: Evaluate the effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) (3.45 g per 500 mL) in physical performance and biochemical markers after a half-marathon race. Design: A randomised, double blind, crossover design where 2 h after drinking 500 mL of CWJ or placebo (PLA, beverage without l-citrulline) amateur male runners performed two half-marathon races. Jump height, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were evaluated before and after the races. Moreover, muscle soreness and plasma markers of muscle damage and metabolism were evaluated for 72 h after the races. Results: Muscle soreness perception was significantly lower from 24 to 72 h after the race with CWJ beverage. Immediately after the races, runners under CWJ condition showed plasma lactate and glucose concentrations significantly lower and higher lactate dehydrogenase and l-arginine concentration than runners under PLA. A maintenance of jump heights after the races under CWJ supplementation was found, decreasing significantly with PLA. Conclusion: A single Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline dose diminished muscle soreness perception from 24 to 72 h after the race and maintained lower concentrations of plasma lactate after an exhausting exercise.Actividad Física y Deport