Anti-phishing as a web-based user service

This paper describes the recent phenomenon of phishing, in which email messages are sent to unwitting recipients in order to elicit personal information and perpetrate identity theft and financial fraud. A variety of existing techniques for addressing this problem are detailed and a novel approach to the provision of phishing advice is introduced. This takes the form of a Web-based user-service to which users may forward suspect email messages for inspection. The Anti- Phishing Web Service rates the suspect email and provides a Web-based report that the submitter may view. This approach promises benefits in the form of added security for the end-user and insight on the factors that are most revealing of phishing attacks

Towards an understanding of Ethical Dilemmas Faced by School Leaders

The field of ethics has attracted increasing interest in educational contexts in recent times and one reason for this heightened interest is the more complex operational milieu (Grace in Campbell 1997, p.223) in which leaders are now working. In the current climate, it is likely that educational leaders could find themselves confronted with ethical dilemmas which require a choice among competing sets of principles, values, beliefs and perspectives. This paper reports on a model for conceptualising ethical dilemmas. To illustrate the application of the model in practice, we provide a scenario and a commentary based on that scenario using the model for analysis

Conceptual Design, Structural Analysis, and Design Space Exploration of a Vacuum Lighter than Air Vehicle

The research detailed in this study investigates an internal vacuum as well as its optimal structural design, utilizing currently available materials, as an alternative to traditional gases to create and sustain buoyancy in lighter than air vehicles. To date, the consideration of a vacuum lighter than air vehicle has been limited to three sources of literature, the earliest of which dates back to 1663. This study will initially summarize and review this literature. We will then combine finite element analysis, dimensional analysis, design of experiments, and response surface methodology studies to explore the feasibility, and the functional design of a vacuum lighter than air vehicle constrained by modern technology and materials. The process developed herein allows a designer to perform a broad scope initial structural response design space investigation based on user defined constraints to determine if and where structurally feasible regions or points lie. This research then specifically analyzes two cylindrical pultruded rod geometric frame designs with membrane skins stretched over the top vacuum lighter than air vehicle designs. The first being an icosahedron frame and skin structure proposed by Metlen at the Air Force Institute of Technology

Evaluation of the Thorax of Manduca Sexta for Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Applications

The tobacco hornworm hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) provides an excellent model from which to gather knowledge pertaining to the development of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). One of the major challenges in design of a FWMAV is the energy demanding nature of low Reynolds number flapping flight. Therefore, an understanding of the power required by the flight muscles to actuate the wings is essential for the design of a FWMAV. The M.sexta wing/thorax mechanism was evaluated as a mechanical system in order to gain insight to the mechanical power required to produce the full natural wing stroke. A unique dynamic load device was designed and constructed to mechanically actuate the upstroke and downstroke of the M.sexta in order to achieve the full flapping motion. Additionally, the forces applied through the flight muscles were directly measured in order to attain the power requirements of the flight muscles simultaneously. The experiment yielded wing stroke amplitudes of + 60 and - 35, which is what is seen in nature during hovering. The DVM and DLM muscle groups were calculated to have a power density of 112 W/kg with the vehicle energy density being 2 W/kg. The power output requirement indicates the need for a lightweight and energy-dense power source/actuator combination for the development of FWMAVs

The Role of an Invasive Snail in the Aquatic Food Web at Spirit Lake, Mount St. Helens

The study of Spirit Lake has been ongoing for decades, and in 2015 the arrival of Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an invasive mud snail, has given us an opportunity to study the effects of an invasion in relative isolation. The herbivorous (grazer) mud snail is native to New Zealand though present in many freshwater ecosystems in the United States. The impacts of this invasive species can be that of reducing fish population and dominating the food web connections, including energy (carbon) and nutrient (nitrogen) flow. Currently Spirit Lake is oligotrophic (low in nutrients), and our understanding of macronutrient cycling through biogeochemical analyses is pertinent to assessing and protecting the health of its ecosystem and the surrounding areas connected by streams. Using stable isotope data we analyze how the presence of P. antipodarum in the isolated Spirit Lake ecosystem alters the food web (specifically, if it competes with native herbivorous snails)

Evaluation of the Thorax of Manduca Sexta for Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Applications

n the 1990\u27s, DARPA awarded several contracts to companies to research, design, and construct a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). The tobacco hornworm hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) provides an excellent model from which to gather knowledge pertaining to the development of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). One of the major challenges in design of a FWMAV is the energy demanding nature of low Reynolds number flapping flight. Therefore, an understanding of the power required by the flight muscles to actuate the wings is essential for the design of a FWMAV. The M.sexta wing/thorax mechanism was evaluated as a mechanical system in order to gain insight to the mechanical power required to produce the full natural wing stroke. A unique dynamic load device was designed and constructed to mechanically actuate the upstroke and downstroke of the M.sexta in order to achieve the full flapping motion. Additionally, the forces applied through the flight muscles were directly measured in order to attain the power requirements of the flight muscles simultaneously. The experiment yielded wing stroke values of + 60 and – 35 degrees, which is what is seen in nature during hovering. The DVM and DLM muscle groups were calculated to have a power density of 112 W/kg with the vehicle energy density being 2.5 W/kg. The power output requirement indicates the need for a lightweight and energy-dense power source/actuator combination for the development of FWMAVs

High performance structural laminate composite material for use to 1000.degree. F. and above, apparatus for and method of manufacturing same, and articles made with same

A novel materials technology has been developed and demonstrated for providing a high modulus composite material for use to 1000.degree. F. and above. This material can be produced at 5-20% of the cost of refractory materials, and has higher structural properties. This technology successfully resolves the problem of thermal shock or ply lift, which limits traditional high temperature laminates (such as graphite/polyimide and graphite/phenolic) to temperatures of 550-650.degree. F. in thicker (0.25 and above) laminates. The technology disclosed herein is an enabling technology for the nose for the External Tank (ET) of the Space Shuttle, and has been shown to be capable of withstanding the severe environments encountered by the nose cone through wind tunnel testing, high temperature subcomponent testing, and full scale structural, dynamic, acoustic, and damage tolerance testing

Human bladder cancer invasion model using rat bladder in vitro and its use to test mechanisms and therapeutic inhibitors of invasion

As well as being a passive support, the extracellular matrix also regulates key biological processes such as invasion, differentiation and angiogenesis. We have therefore developed an in vitro model of bladder cancer invasion using de-epithelialized rat bladder to allow for tumour cell–extracellular matrix interactions. Onto this we have seeded a panel of human bladder cancer cell lines (RT4, RT112, 253J and EJ28 (T24)) representing progression from well to poorly differentiated phenotypes and used as models of superficial to invasive bladder cancer. The better differentiated cell lines RT4 and RT112 reproducibly grew as stratified epithelium, whereas poorly differentiated EJ28 cells invaded across a broad front. Invasion was not simply related to proliferation rate, measured either as doubling time on plastic (non-invasive 253J and invasive EJ28 having the same doubling time) or by Ki-67 proliferation index within the model. We used the model to test the ability of 4 compounds that interfere with tumour cell–extracellular matrix interactions (suramin, N-acetylcysteine and the urokinase plasminogen activator pathway antagonists Å5 compound and monoclonal antibody Mab 3936) to inhibit invasion. At non-toxic concentrations, all significantly inhibited invasion (P< 0.05), although to varying degrees, suramin and Å5 almost completely and N-acetylcysteine the least. In conclusion, this model shows the urokinase system is important for bladder invasion and can be used to investigate other mechanisms of bladder cancer invasion and also for the testing of intravesical drugs. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co