Tricarbonylchlorido(6'7'-dihydro-5’H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,6'-dipyrido-[3,2-d:2',3'-f][1,3]diazepine]-κ2N1,N11)-rhenium(I)

In the title compound, [ReCl(C15H16N4)(CO)3], the ReI ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by one Cl atom, two N atoms of the bidentate ligand and three carbonyl groups. The cyclopentane group is orientated in a transoid fashion with respect to the chloride ligand. The dihedral angle between the pryridine rings is 10.91 (12)°. In the crystal, N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds link complex molecules, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001)

Tricarbonylchlorido(6’,7’-dihydro-5’H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,6’-dipyrido[3,2-d :2’,3’-f][1,3]diazepine]-κ2N1,N11)rhenium(I)

In the title compound, [ReCl(C16H18N4)(CO)3], the ReI ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by one Cl atom, two N atoms of the bidentate ligand and three carbonyl groups. The cyclohexane group is orientated in a transoid fashion with respect to the chloride ligand. In the crystal, N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds link complex molecules, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (100)

Has River use in the Mississippi River Basin changed Following the Invasion of Asian Carp?

Abstract Invasive bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) are two federally injurious fishes, commonly referred to as Asian carp, found in the Mississippi River Basin. We hypothesized that silver carp, in particular, may negatively influence river users due to their tendency to leap from the water when startled. We tested whether Asian carp have influenced stakeholder use in a low fish density Mississippi River city and three high fish density cities of the Illinois River between June 2010 and July 2011 using intercept surveys. Our response rate was 39 %. Our results suggest that most respondents use these rivers for recreational purposes. Boating, swimming, and aesthetic uses of the Illinois River changed between 2010 and 2011. Nearly three quarters of Illinois River town users who have observed an Asian carp jump have been hit by one. Our findings may help susceptible river towns prepare for social, cultural, and economic changes due to these invasive fishes

Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing by deep-sea megafaunal deposit feeders: A 234Th tracer approach

Deposit-feeding megafauna occur in virtually all deep-sea environments, yet their feeding selectivity and particle processing rates are poorly known. Excess 234Th activity is commonly used asa geochemical tracer for recently settled (, 100-d old) particles in the quiescent deep sea, but it has rarely been applied to the study of deposit feeders. To explore the selectivity and rates of megafaunal deposit feeding, we compared excess 234Th activities in the gut contents of deposit feeders from Santa Catalina Basin (SCB) (~ 1200 m depth) and the Hawaiian slope (~ 1680 m) to the activity of surface sediments and, in SCB, to material from sediment traps moored, 150 m above the seafloor. We also measured concentrations of chlorophylla and phaeopigments in animal guts and surface sediments to evaluate feeding selectivity. In the SCB, excess 234Th (234Thxs) activities in the guts of four species of surface-deposit feeders were 14–17 fold greater than those of the top 5 mm of sediment. Pannychiamoseleyi and Scotoplanes globosa, two highly mobile, surface-deposit-feeding elasipodid holothuri-ans, were the most enriched in gut 234Thxs activity, suggesting that these species fed very selectivelyon particles settled to the seafloor within the previous, 20 d. Pannychia moseleyi guts also exhibited 500-fold enrichment of chlorophyll a relative to surface sediments indicating highly selective ingestion of phytodetritus. Chiridota sp., a burrowing, surface-deposit-feeding, chiridotid holothurian, and Bathybembix bairdii, a surface-deposit-feeding trochid gastropod, were less enriched in gut 234Thxs activity, reflecting lower mobility and/or less selectivity at time of particle pickup. A subsurface-deposit-feeding, molpadiid holothurian was not enriched in gut 234Thxs activity compared to surface sediments, but was greatly enriched compared to average activities at its presumed feeding depth of 6–7 cm. On the Hawaiian slope, gut contents of two surface-deposit feeders, the synallactidholothurians Mesothuria carnosa and Paleopatides retifer, were not enriched in 234Thxs activity;however, M. carnosa and Phryssocystis sp. (a surface-deposit-feeding echinoid) were enriched in chlorophyll a, suggesting that the Hawaiian slope species are also selective feeders. Presumably, frequent sediment resuspension makes 234Thxs activity a poor tracer for recently settled, food-rich particles on the Hawaiian slope. Based on a newly developed 234Th-flux model, we calculate that the three dominant megafaunal, surface-deposit feeders in SCB consumed on average 39–52% (s.e.13–27%) of the daily flux of 234Thxs activity to the SCB floor. By chemically altering (e.g., digesting) and redistributing recently settled particulate organic matter, these megafauna are likely to substantially influence carbon diagenesis and food-web structure in this bathyal habitat

Resource Accessibility, Wealth Neutrality, and Tax Yield in Montana

Until litigation reaches the point where both sides are willing to listen to data, so much so that states actively monitor themselves and that plaintiffs concede when sophisticated data deny genuine differences, plaintiffs and states and children will suffer equally in lengthy and expensive litigation

Can the Desiccation of Great Salt Lake be Stopped?

Great Salt Lake is a terminal lake, with its watershed in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains of Utah, Wyoming and Idaho. Like all terminal lakes, the water inflows are balanced only by evaporative loss from its surface—when inflows decrease the lake shrinks until evaporation matches that inflow

Human performance modeling for system of systems analytics: combat performance-shaping factors.

The US military has identified Human Performance Modeling (HPM) as a significant requirement and challenge of future systems modeling and analysis initiatives. To support this goal, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has undertaken a program of HPM as an integral augmentation to its system-of-system (SoS) analytics capabilities. The previous effort, reported in SAND2005-6569, evaluated the effects of soldier cognitive fatigue on SoS performance. The current effort began with a very broad survey of any performance-shaping factors (PSFs) that also might affect soldiers performance in combat situations. The work included consideration of three different approaches to cognition modeling and how appropriate they would be for application to SoS analytics. This bulk of this report categorizes 47 PSFs into three groups (internal, external, and task-related) and provides brief descriptions of how each affects combat performance, according to the literature. The PSFs were then assembled into a matrix with 22 representative military tasks and assigned one of four levels of estimated negative impact on task performance, based on the literature. Blank versions of the matrix were then sent to two ex-military subject-matter experts to be filled out based on their personal experiences. Data analysis was performed to identify the consensus most influential PSFs. Results indicate that combat-related injury, cognitive fatigue, inadequate training, physical fatigue, thirst, stress, poor perceptual processing, and presence of chemical agents are among the PSFs with the most negative impact on combat performance

Complicated acute type B aortic dissection: Midterm results of emergency endovascular stent–grafting

ObjectiveThis study assessed midterm results of emergency endovascular stent–grafting for patients with life-threatening complications of acute type B aortic dissection.MethodsBetween November 1996 and June 2004, 16 patients with complicated acute type B aortic dissections (mean age 57 years, range 16–88 years) underwent endovascular stent–grafting within 48 hours of presentation. Complications included contained rupture, hemothorax, refractory chest pain, and severe visceral or lower limb ischemia. Stent–graft types included custom-made first-generation endografts and second-generation commercial stent–grafts (Gore Excluder or TAG; W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc, Flagstaff, Ariz.). Follow-up was 100% complete, averaged 36 ± 36 months, and included postprocedural surveillance computed tomographic scans.ResultsEarly mortality was 25% ± 11% (70% confidence limit), with no late deaths. No new neurologic complications occurred. According to the latest scan, 4 patients (25%) had complete thrombosis of the false lumen; the lumen was partially thrombosed in 6 patients (38%). Distal aortic diameter was increased in only 1 patient. Actuarial survival at 1 and 5 years was 73% ± 11%; freedom from treatment failure (including aortic rupture, device fault, reintervention, aortic death, or sudden, unexplained late death) was 67% ± 14% at 5 years.ConclusionWith follow-up to 9 years, endovascular stent–grafting for patients with complicated acute type B aortic dissection conferred benefit. Consideration of emergency stent–grafting may improve the dismal outlook for these patients; future refinements in stent–graft design and technology and earlier diagnosis and intervention should be associated with improved results

Cross-Talk Between Clinical and Host-Response Parameters of Periodontitis in Smokers

Background and Objective Periodontal diseases are a major public health concern leading to tooth loss and have also been shown to be associated with several chronic systemic diseases. Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of numerous systemic diseases, as well as periodontitis. While it is clear that smokers have a significantly enhanced risk for developing periodontitis leading to tooth loss, the population varies regarding susceptibility to disease associated with smoking. This investigation focused on identifying differences in four broad sets of variables, consisting of: (i) host‐response molecules; (ii) periodontal clinical parameters; (iii) antibody responses to periodontal pathogens and oral commensal bacteria; and (iv) other variables of interest, in a population of smokers with (n = 171) and without (n = 117) periodontitis. Material and Methods Bayesian network structured learning (BNSL) techniques were used to investigate potential associations and cross‐talk between the four broad sets of variables. Results BNSL revealed two broad communities with markedly different topology between the populations of smokers, with and without periodontitis. Confidence of the edges in the resulting network also showed marked variations within and between the periodontitis and nonperiodontitis groups. Conclusion The results presented validated known associations and discovered new ones with minimal precedence that may warrant further investigation and novel hypothesis generation. Cross‐talk between the clinical variables and antibody profiles of bacteria were especially pronounced in the case of periodontitis and were mediated by the antibody response profile to Porphyromonas gingivalis