An experimental low Reynolds number comparison of a Wortmann FX67-K170 airfoil, a NACA 0012 airfoil and a NACA 64-210 airfoil in simulated heavy rain

Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on Wortmann FX67-K170, NACA 0012, and NACA 64-210 airfoils at rain rates of 1000 mm/hr and Reynolds numbers of 310,000 to compare the aerodynamic performance degradation of the airfoils and to attempt to identify the various mechanisms which affect performance in heavy rain conditions. Lift and drag were measured in dry and wet conditions, a variety of flow visualization techniques were employed, and a computational code which predicted airfoil boundary layer behavior was used. At low angles of attack, the lift degradation in wet conditions varied significantly between the airfoils. The Wortmann section had the greatest overall lift degradation and the NACA 64-210 airfoil had the smallest. At high angles of attack, the NACA 64-210 and 0012 airfoils had improved aerodynamic performance in rain conditions due to an apparent reduction of the boundry layer separation. Performance degradation in heavy rain for all three airfoils at low angles of attack could be emulated by forced boundary layer transition near the leading edge. The secondary effect occurs at time scales consistent with top surface water runback times. The runback layer is thought to effectively alter the airfoil geometry. The severity of the performance degradation for the airfoils varied. The relative differences appeared to be related to the susceptibility of each airfoil to premature boundary layer transition

Confined Livestock Feeding Facilites: Control of Stable Flies and Hosue Flies

Stable flies and house flies are major pests near confined livestock facilities, cattle feedlots, and dairies, and cost livestock producers millions of dollars annually, especially in the more human environment of eastern South Dakota. Losses result from decreased weight gains and production by cattle that suffer the attack of the stable fly. Economic losses due to the house fly are much more difficult to determine, but nevertheless they are a nuisance to livestock and people. A problem is emerging with these two flies, especially the house fly. As urban development gradually spreads into what were traditionally agriculture production areas, the distance closes between rural residents and live-stock operations. Flies move to town. Soon “nuisance lawsuits” citing livestock feeding facilities and dairies for “dust, odor, and flies” will be requesting punitive damages or, worse yet, the closing of livestock feeding facilities and dairies. In recent years table flies have also become a problem with pasture cattle in eastern South Dakota. The problem worses because traditional fly control methods used for horn flies and face flies do not work on stable flies and house flies

Evidence that androstadienone, a putative human chemosignal, modulates women’s attributions of men’s attractiveness

Considerable research effort has focused on whether specific compounds found within human body odor influence the behavior or physiology of other individuals. The most intensively studied is 4,16-androstadien-3-one, a chemical which is known to modulate mood and have activational effects in the sympathetic nervous system in a context-dependent manner, but whose action in mate-choice contexts remains largely untested. Here we present evidence that this androgen steroid may modulate women’s judgments of men’sattractiveness in an ecologically valid context. We tested the effects of androstadienone at a speed-dating event in which men and women interacted in a series of brief dyadic encounters. Men were rated more attractive when assessed by women who had been exposed to androstadienone, an effect that was seen in two out of three studies. The results suggest that androstadienone can influence women’s attraction to men, and also that research into the modulatory effects of androstadienone should be made within ecologically valid contexts

I Synthesis and dynamic studies of bifunctional compounds having potential intramolecular interactions II Controlled release antifouling coatings: Approaches to controlled release of gamma-decanolactone and 2-hexanoylfuran into seawater

I. Potentially reactive, bifunctional compounds 1 and 127 have been studied, and both compounds have been found to undergo rapid base-catalyzed degenerate topomerization. The topomerization processes, which in the case of 1 represents a degenerate transamidation and in the case of 127 a degenerate transesterification, have been studied in acetonitrile-d\sb3 and D\sb2O under a variety of conditions by the DNMR method. In both cases, the presence of a stable tetrahedral anion intermediate can be inferred from analysis of NMR and IR spectra. In the case of 1, the unusually high rate of topomerization can be attributed to the presence of a transannular donor-acceptor interaction and a strained urea functionality. In 127, the rate enhancement is attributed to a favorable entropic situation with respect to an intermolecular reaction of the same type. In addition to the base catalysis studies, acid-catalysis studies of other amino-ureas such as 9 and 10 were carried out in D\sb2O. The rate of topomerization of 10 was slow on the NMR time scale under acid catalysis. The rate of topomerization of 9 could be quantified by a 2D NMR method. II. The release characteristics of biofouling inhibitors 160 and 161 from various ablative and nonablative matrices into artificial seawater have been studied. The goal of these release experiments was to achieve 30-day controlled, sustained release of inhibitor from a matrix into artificial seawater at a level which was considered effective to inhibit fouling of marine surfaces. It was found that encapsulation of 161 in a polymeric matrix and dispersion of 161-containing capsules in a vinyl, nonablative coating provided a successful method for achieving this goal. Release rates of inhibitors 160 and 161 from various matrices are summarized and discussed

The Unemployed Adult in the Liminal Space of a Job-Training Program: Transformations of Learner Identities

This research addresses the impact job-readiness programs have on the identity of unemployed adults. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the transformational learning that happened for a group of seven unemployed adults seeking employment. The research considered: 1) what meaning do unemployed adults make out of their experience going through job-training programs; 2) what are the liminal aspects of job-training programs; 3) how do aspects of the job-training programs influence the development of their identity; 4) what are the ways the programs shapes their views toward learning; and 5) in what ways was this experience transformative? Data were collected through interviews with participants and facilitators, and workshop observations. The findings of this study demonstrate how learners with barriers use learning environments as a space to further work on and develop their identities. The significance of this study demonstrates the need to consider program space and structure when working with unemployed adult learners with barriers to employment

How Do Law Students Really Learn? Problem-Solving, Modern Pragmatism, and Property Law

Edward Rabin and Roberta Kwall had student learning in mind when they wrote Fundamentals of Modern Real Property Law. Rabin and Kwall\u27s casebook is an attractive and effective road map for students as they journey through a course (and a body of legal principles and issues) that typically intimidates many law students in virtually every law school