1,099 research outputs found
Une histoire de l’écologie : les regards sur la nature des origines à nos jours. Par Yves Hébert. (Québec : Les Éditions GID, 2006. 477 p., ill., notes. ISBN 2-922668-80-0 39,95$)
Optimized lockdown strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19: A South African case study
To curb the spread of COVID-19, many governments around the world have
implemented tiered lockdowns with varying degrees of stringency. Lockdown
levels are typically increased when the disease spreads and reduced when the
disease abates. A predictive control approach is used to develop optimized
lockdown strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19. The strategies are then
applied to South African data. The South African case is of interest as the
South African government has defined five distinct levels of lockdown, which
serves as a discrete control input. An epidemiological model for the spread of
COVID-19 in South Africa was previously developed, and is used in conjunction
with a hybrid model predictive controller to optimize lockdown management under
different policy scenarios. Scenarios considered include how to flatten the
curve to a level that the healthcare system can cope with, how to balance lives
and livelihoods, and what impact the compliance of the population to the
lockdown measures has on the spread of COVID-19. The main purpose of this paper
is to show what the optimal lockdown level should be given the policy that is
in place, as determined by the closed-loop feedback controller.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 4 table
From sea surface to seafloor: A benthic allochthonous eDNA survey for the abyssal ocean
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding could facilitate rapid and comprehensive biotic surveys in the deep ocean, yet many aspects of the sources and distribution of eDNA in the deep sea are still poorly understood. In order to examine the influence of the water column on benthic eDNA surveys in regions targeted for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, we investigated the occurrence of pelagic eDNA across: (1) two different deep-sea habitat types, abyssal plains and seamounts, (2) benthic sample types, including nodules, sediment, and seawater within the benthic boundary layer (BBL), and (3) sediment depth horizons (0–2 and 3–5 cm). Little difference was observed between seamounts and the adjacent abyssal plains in the proportion of legacy pelagic eDNA sampled in the benthos, despite >1,000 m depth difference for these habitats. In terms of both reads and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), pelagic eDNA was minimal within sediment and nodule samples (<2%), and is unlikely to affect benthic surveys that monitor resident organisms at the deep seafloor. However, pelagic eDNA was substantial within the BBL (up to 13% ASVs, 86% reads), derived both from the high-biomass upper ocean as well as deep pelagic residents. While most pelagic metazoan eDNA found in sediments and on nodules could be sourced from the epipelagic, protist legacy eDNA sampled on these substrates appeared to originate across a range of depths in the water column. Some evidence of eDNA degradation across a vertical sediment profile was observed for protists, with higher diversity in the 0–2 cm layer and a significantly lower proportion of legacy pelagic eDNA in deeper sediments (3–5 cm). Study-wide, our estimated metazoan sampling coverage ranged from 40 to 74%, despite relatively large sample size. Future deep-sea eDNA surveys should examine oceanographic influences on eDNA transport and residence times, consider habitat heterogeneity at a range of spatial scales in the abyss, and aim to process large amounts of material per sample (with replication) in order to increase the sampling coverage in these diverse deep ocean communities.publishedVersio
Idéal de nature sauvage et transformation des territorialités au Parc national de la Mauricie, 1969-1977
Cubic lead perovskite PbMoO3 with anomalous metallic behavior
A previously unreported Pb-based perovskite PbMoO is obtained by
high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis. This material crystallizes in the
cubic structure at room temperature, making it distinct from
typical Pb-based perovskite oxides with a structural distortion. PbMoO
exhibits a metallic behavior down to 0.1 K with an unusual -sub linear
dependence of the electrical resistivity. Moreover, a large specific heat is
observed at low temperatures accompanied by a peak in around 10 K, in
marked contrast to the isostructural metallic system SrMoO. These transport
and thermal properties for PbMoO, taking into account anomalously large Pb
atomic displacements detected through diffraction experiments, are attributed
to a low-energy vibrational mode, associated with incoherent off-centering of
lone pair Pb cations. We discuss the unusual behavior of the electrical
resistivity in terms of a polaron-like conduction, mediated by the strong
coupling between conduction electrons and optical phonons of the local
low-energy vibrational mode.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Modeling the mechanical response of polycrystals deforming by climb and glide
This paper presents a crystallographically-based constitutive model of a single crystal deforming by climb and glide. The proposed constitutive law is an extension of the rate-sensitivity approach for single crystal plasticity by dislocation glide. Based on this description at single crystal level, a homogenization-based polycrystal model for aggregates deforming in a climb-controlled thermal creep regime is developed. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed model, we present calculations of effective behavior of olivine and texture evolution of aluminum at warm temperature and low strain rate. In both cases, the addition of climb as a complementary single-crystal deformation mechanism improves the polycrystal model predictions
Single-Leg Squat Delicacies—The Position of the Nonstance Limb is an Important Consideration
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