Does rapid maxillary expansion induce adverse effects in growing subjects?

To assess the scientific evidence that rapid maxillary expansion (RME) causes Adverse Effects on the midpalatal suture, vertical dimension, dental and periodontal structures in growing subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for articles dated through December 2011. The quality of the studies was ranked on a 13-point scale in which 1 was the low end of the scale and 13 was the high end. RESULTS: Thirty relevant articles were identified. The amount of midpalatal suture opening ranged from 1.6 to 4.3 mm in the anterior region and from 1.2 to 4.4 mm in the posterior region. At the end of the active phase, RME resulted in slight inferior movement of the maxilla (SN-PNS +0.9 mm; SN-ANS +1.6 mm), increased tipping of anchored teeth from 3.4° to 9.2° and bending of the alveolar bone from 5.1° to 11.3°. In the long term, RME did not modify the facial growth patterns, and no significant changes on dentoalveolar structures were observed. Of the 30 studies, 2 were medium-high quality, 8 were medium quality, and 20 were low quality. CONCLUSIONS: RME always opened the midpalatal suture in growing subjects. The vertical changes were small and transitory. In the long-term evaluation, an uprighting of anchored teeth was observed and periodontal structures were not compromised

Intrinsically disordered inhibitor of glutamine synthetase is a functional protein with random-coil-like pKa values

The sequential action of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in cyanobacteria allows the incorporation of ammonium into carbon skeletons. In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the activity of GS is modulated by the interaction with proteins, which include a 65-residue-long intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), the inactivating factor IF7. This interaction is regulated by the presence of charged residues in both IF7 and GS. To understand how charged amino acids can affect the binding of an IDP with its target and to provide clues on electrostatic interactions in disordered states of proteins, we measured the pKa values of all IF7 acidic groups (Glu32, Glu36, Glu38, Asp40, Asp58, and Ser65, the backbone C-terminus) at 100 mM NaCl concentration, by using NMR spectroscopy. We also obtained solution structures of IF7 through molecular dynamics simulation, validated them on the basis of previous experiments, and used them to obtain theoretical estimates of the pKa values. Titration values for the two Asp and three Glu residues of IF7 were similar to those reported for random-coil models, suggesting the lack of electrostatic interactions around these residues. Furthermore, our results suggest the presence of helical structure at the N-terminus of the protein and of conformational changes at acidic pH values. The overall experimental and in silico findings suggest that local interactions and conformational equilibria do not play a role in determining the electrostatic features of the acidic residues of IF7.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CTQ 2015-64445-R, BFU2013- 41712-P, BIO2016-75634PJunta de Andalucía BIO-284Generalitat Valenciana Prometeo 018/201

Thin-plate spline analysis of mandibular morphological changes induced by early class III treatment: a long-term evaluation

To evaluate the long-term mandibular morphological changes induced by early treatment of class III malocclusion with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facial mask (FM)

Effects of cervical headgear and pendulum appliance on vertical dimension in growing subjects: a retrospective controlled clinical trial

Summary OBJECTIVE : To analyze the effects on vertical dentoskeletal dimension produced by cervical headgear (CHG) or Pendulum (P) both followed by full fixed appliances in growing patients with Class II malocclusion

Bonded versus banded rapid palatal expander followed by facial mask therapy: analysis on digital dental casts.

To compare the dental effects produced by a bonded versus a banded expander combined with facial mask (FM) in patients with Class III malocclusion by means of digital dental casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients with Class III malocclusion and maxillary transverse deficiency in the deciduous or early mixed dentition were selected. The first group consisted of 25 subjects (12 females; 13 males) with a mean age of 7.4 years (SD 1.2 years) treated with a bonded expander and FM. The second group consisted of 25 subjects (13 females; 12 males) with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD 1.3 years) treated with a banded expander and FM. For each subject of the two groups, initial (pre-treatment, T1) and final (post-treatment, T2) dental casts were taken and scanned. Maxillary digital models of T1 and T2 were superimposed on the palatal rugae in order to analyse the maxillary anchorage loss. Significant between-group differences were tested with independent sample t-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: No statistical differences were found for any of the variables observed. CONCLUSION: Orthopaedic treatment of Class III malocclusion with either a bonded or a banded expander and FM during the deciduous or early mixed dentition induced a significant expansion of the maxillary arch and a slight mesialization of the posterior anchoring teeth with no difference between the two intraoral appliance design

Different protein source (soybean or faba bean) in postweaning diets for Apennine and Sopravissana (Italian Merino) light lamb: slaughtering performances

While Apennine is an autochthonous medium-large size Italian meat sheep breed well placed in Central Italy, Italian Merino (Sopravissana) is an ancient endangered sheep breed once raised all over Central Italy and now interesting a marginal sheep farming. Due to economical problems in fattening lamb at high weights for Italian farmers (Sanudo et al., 2000; Sarti, 1992), light lamb is one of the main products in Italian meat sheep farming

Supply chain contagion and the role of industrial policy

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major disruption in global value chains (GVCs) that pushed the global economy into a recession that promises to be worse than the 2008 crisis. This article illustrates the mechanisms through which the COVID-19 pandemic affected GVCs in the context of a changing configuration of the global economy. In particular, it is argued that GVCs became the main transmission channels of “economic contagion”. Finally, we posit that the pandemic provides an opportunity to revive the role of industrial policy as to govern the landslides of a world economy constantly pressured by globalization and deglobalization forces

Treatment and posttreatment skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion studied with low-dose computed tomography in growing subjects

Introduction: The aim of this study was to apply low-dose computed tomography (CT) to evaluate treatment and posttreatment effects produced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) at the levels of the midpalatal suture and the pterygoid processes. Methods: A sample of 17 subjects (7 boys, 10 girls; mean age, 11.2 years) was analyzed. Multi-slice CT scans were taken before RME, at the end of the active expansion phase, and after a retention period of 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA for repeated measures with post-hoc tests. Results: The amounts of opening of the midpalatal suture during the active phase of expansion were 3.01, 2.17, and 1.15 mm for the anterior, middle, and posterior suture widths, respectively. Pterygoid width also showed a statistically significant increase (1.49 mm). In the postretention period, all transverse measurements had significant decreases except for pterygoid width. Conclusions: At the end of the retention phase after RME therapy, the transverse width of the midpalatal suture was similar to the pretreatment width, whereas the width between the pterygoid processes was significantly increased

Treatment and posttreatment effects of a facial mask combined with a bite-block appliance in Class III malocclusion.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In this cephalometric investigation, we analyzed the treatment and posttreatment effects of an orthopedic protocol for Class III malocclusion consisting of a facial mask combined with a removable bite-block appliance. METHODS: The treated sample consisted of 22 Class III patients treated with the facial mask and bite-block protocol before the pubertal growth spurt (mean age, 8.9 +/- 1.5 years). Treated subjects were evaluated after facial mask and bite-block therapy and at a posttreatment observation in absence of retention. The treated group was compared with a matched control group of 12 untreated Class III subjects. All treated and control subjects were postpubertal at the final observation. Significant differences between the treated and control groups were assessed with the Mann-Whitney U test (P <0.05). RESULTS: Both angular and linear sagittal measurements of the maxilla showed significant improvements during active treatment. Significant improvements of SNA angle, ANB angle, overjet, and molar relationship remained stable during the posttreatment period. No significant effect was found in the mandibular skeletal measures. No significant protraction of the maxillary incisors or retraction of the mandibular incisors was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A bite-block appliance in the mandibular arch with a facial mask enabled effective control of mandibular rotation with progressive closure of the gonial angle. This added to the favorable maxillary outcomes of the treatment protocol. 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved