813 research outputs found
Border Effects in House Prices
This article estimates the effect of the Dutch–German border on house prices. We argue that the difference between house prices at the border indicates the willingness to pay to stay in a country compared to living across the border. After a change in the tax rules in 2001, migration from the Netherlands to Germany increased substantially and the gradient of Dutch house price towards the German border steepened. Combining a German and Dutch real estate dataset and using different estimation strategies, we find that asking prices of comparable housing drop by about 16% when one crosses the Dutch–German border
Spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control requirements for an intelligent plug-n-play avionics (PAPA) architecture
The objective of this research is to design an intelligent plug-n-play avionics system that provides a reconfigurable platform for supporting the guidance, navigation and control (GN&C) requirements for different elements of the space exploration mission. The focus of this study is to look at the specific requirements for a spacecraft that needs to go from earth to moon and back. In this regard we will identify the different GN&C problems in various phases of flight that need to be addressed for designing such a plug-n-play avionics system. The Apollo and the Space Shuttle programs provide rich literature in terms of understanding some of the general GN&C requirements for a space vehicle. The relevant literature is reviewed which helps in narrowing down the different GN&C algorithms that need to be supported along with their individual requirements
Entire solutions of hydrodynamical equations with exponential dissipation
We consider a modification of the three-dimensional Navier--Stokes equations
and other hydrodynamical evolution equations with space-periodic initial
conditions in which the usual Laplacian of the dissipation operator is replaced
by an operator whose Fourier symbol grows exponentially as \ue ^{|k|/\kd} at
high wavenumbers . Using estimates in suitable classes of analytic
functions, we show that the solutions with initially finite energy become
immediately entire in the space variables and that the Fourier coefficients
decay faster than \ue ^{-C(k/\kd) \ln (|k|/\kd)} for any . The
same result holds for the one-dimensional Burgers equation with exponential
dissipation but can be improved: heuristic arguments and very precise
simulations, analyzed by the method of asymptotic extrapolation of van der
Hoeven, indicate that the leading-order asymptotics is precisely of the above
form with . The same behavior with a universal constant
is conjectured for the Navier--Stokes equations with exponential
dissipation in any space dimension. This universality prevents the strong
growth of intermittency in the far dissipation range which is obtained for
ordinary Navier--Stokes turbulence. Possible applications to improved spectral
simulations are briefly discussed.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures, Comm. Math. Phys., in pres
Quantum Monte Carlo with Directed Loops
We introduce the concept of directed loops in stochastic series expansion and
path integral quantum Monte Carlo methods. Using the detailed balance rules for
directed loops, we show that it is possible to smoothly connect generally
applicable simulation schemes (in which it is necessary to include
back-tracking processes in the loop construction) to more restricted loop
algorithms that can be constructed only for a limited range of Hamiltonians
(where back-tracking can be avoided). The "algorithmic discontinuities" between
general and special points (or regions) in parameter space can hence be
eliminated. As a specific example, we consider the anisotropic S=1/2 Heisenberg
antiferromagnet in an external magnetic field. We show that directed loop
simulations are very efficient for the full range of magnetic fields (zero to
the saturation point) and anisotropies. In particular for weak fields and
anisotropies, the autocorrelations are significantly reduced relative to those
of previous approaches. The back-tracking probability vanishes continuously as
the isotropic Heisenberg point is approached. For the XY-model, we show that
back-tracking can be avoided for all fields extending up to the saturation
field. The method is hence particularly efficient in this case. We use directed
loop simulations to study the magnetization process in the 2D Heisenberg model
at very low temperatures. For LxL lattices with L up to 64, we utilize the
step-structure in the magnetization curve to extract gaps between different
spin sectors. Finite-size scaling of the gaps gives an accurate estimate of the
transverse susceptibility in the thermodynamic limit: chi_perp = 0.0659 +-
0.0002.Comment: v2: Revised and expanded discussion of detailed balance, error in
algorithmic phase diagram corrected, to appear in Phys. Rev.
On-disk coronal rain
Small and elongated, cool and dense blob-like structures are being reported
with high resolution telescopes in physically different regions throughout the
solar atmosphere. Their detection and the understanding of their formation,
morphology and thermodynamical characteristics can provide important
information on their hosting environment, especially concerning the magnetic
field, whose understanding constitutes a major problem in solar physics. An
example of such blobs is coronal rain, a phenomenon of thermal non- equilibrium
observed in active region loops, which consists of cool and dense chromospheric
blobs falling along loop-like paths from coronal heights. So far, only off-limb
coronal rain has been observed and few reports on the phenomenon exist. In the
present work, several datasets of on-disk H{\alpha} observations with the CRisp
Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) are
analyzed. A special family of on-disk blobs is selected for each dataset and a
statistical analysis is carried out on their dynamics, morphology and
temperatures. All characteristics present distributions which are very similar
to reported coronal rain statistics. We discuss possible interpretations
considering other similar blob-like structures reported so far and show that a
coronal rain interpretation is the most likely one. Their chromospheric nature
and the projection effects (which eliminate all direct possibility of height
estimation) on one side, and their small sizes, fast dynamics, and especially,
their faint character (offering low contrast with the background intensity) on
the other side, are found as the main causes for the absence until now of the
detection of this on-disk coronal rain counterpart.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for Solar Physic
Non-linear response of a Kondo system: Perturbation approach to the time dependent Anderson impurity model
Nonlinear tunneling current through a quantum dot
(an Anderson impurity system) subject to both constant and alternating
electric fields is studied in the Kondo regime. A systematic diagram technique
is developed for perturbation study of the current in physical systems out of
equilibrium governed by time - dependent Hamiltonians of the Anderson and the
Kondo models. The ensuing calculations prove to be too complicated for the
Anderson model, and hence, a mapping on an effective Kondo problem is called
for. This is achieved by constructing a time - dependent version of the
Schrieffer - Wolff transformation. Perturbation expansion of the current is
then carried out up to third order in the Kondo coupling J yielding a set of
remarkably simple analytical expressions for the current. The zero - bias
anomaly of the direct current differential conductance is shown to be
suppressed by the alternating field while side peaks develop at finite source -
drain voltage. Both the direct component and the first harmonics of the time -
dependent response are equally enhanced due to the Kondo effect, while
amplitudes of higher harmonics are shown to be relatively small. A zero
alternating bias anomaly is found in the alternating current differential
conductance, that is, it peaks around zero alternating bias. This peak is
suppressed by the constant bias. No side peaks show up in the differential
alternating - conductance but their counterpart is found in the derivative of
the alternating current with respect to the direct bias. The results pertaining
to nonlinear response are shown to be valid also below the Kondo temperature.Comment: 55 latex pages 11 ps figure
Transport properties of strongly correlated metals:a dynamical mean-field approach
The temperature dependence of the transport properties of the metallic phase
of a frustrated Hubbard model on the hypercubic lattice at half-filling are
calculated. Dynamical mean-field theory, which maps the Hubbard model onto a
single impurity Anderson model that is solved self-consistently, and becomes
exact in the limit of large dimensionality, is used. As the temperature
increases there is a smooth crossover from coherent Fermi liquid excitations at
low temperatures to incoherent excitations at high temperatures. This crossover
leads to a non-monotonic temperature dependence for the resistance,
thermopower, and Hall coefficient, unlike in conventional metals. The
resistance smoothly increases from a quadratic temperature dependence at low
temperatures to large values which can exceed the Mott-Ioffe-Regel value, hbar
a/e^2 (where "a" is a lattice constant) associated with mean-free paths less
than a lattice constant. Further signatures of the thermal destruction of
quasiparticle excitations are a peak in the thermopower and the absence of a
Drude peak in the optical conductivity. The results presented here are relevant
to a wide range of strongly correlated metals, including transition metal
oxides, strontium ruthenates, and organic metals.Comment: 19 pages, 9 eps figure
First Observation of Coherent Production in Neutrino Nucleus Interactions with 2 GeV
The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab has amassed the largest sample to date
of s produced in neutral current (NC) neutrino-nucleus interactions at
low energy. This paper reports a measurement of the momentum distribution of
s produced in mineral oil (CH) and the first observation of coherent
production below 2 GeV. In the forward direction, the yield of events
observed above the expectation for resonant production is attributed primarily
to coherent production off carbon, but may also include a small contribution
from diffractive production on hydrogen. Integrated over the MiniBooNE neutrino
flux, the sum of the NC coherent and diffractive modes is found to be (19.5
1.1 (stat) 2.5 (sys))% of all exclusive NC production at
MiniBooNE. These measurements are of immediate utility because they quantify an
important background to MiniBooNE's search for
oscillations.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Kondo effect in coupled quantum dots: a Non-crossing approximation study
The out-of-equilibrium transport properties of a double quantum dot system in
the Kondo regime are studied theoretically by means of a two-impurity Anderson
Hamiltonian with inter-impurity hopping. The Hamiltonian, formulated in
slave-boson language, is solved by means of a generalization of the
non-crossing approximation (NCA) to the present problem. We provide benchmark
calculations of the predictions of the NCA for the linear and nonlinear
transport properties of coupled quantum dots in the Kondo regime. We give a
series of predictions that can be observed experimentally in linear and
nonlinear transport measurements through coupled quantum dots. Importantly, it
is demonstrated that measurements of the differential conductance , for the appropriate values of voltages and inter-dot tunneling
couplings, can give a direct observation of the coherent superposition between
the many-body Kondo states of each dot. This coherence can be also detected in
the linear transport through the system: the curve linear conductance vs
temperature is non-monotonic, with a maximum at a temperature
characterizing quantum coherence between both Kondo states.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figure
Development of a blood-based molecular biomarker test for identification of schizophrenia before disease onset
Recent research efforts have progressively shifted towards preventative psychiatry and prognostic identification of individuals before disease onset. We describe the development of a serum biomarker test for the identification of individuals at risk of developing schizophrenia based on multiplex immunoassay profiling analysis of 957 serum samples.
First, we conducted a meta-analysis of five independent cohorts of 127 first-onset drug-naive schizophrenia patients and 204 controls. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, we identified an optimal panel of 26 biomarkers that best discriminated patients and controls.
Next, we successfully validated this biomarker panel using two independent validation cohorts of 93 patients and 88 controls, which yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (0.95-1.00) for schizophrenia detection.
Finally, we tested its predictive performance for identifying patients before onset of psychosis using two cohorts of 445 pre-onset or at-risk individuals.
The predictive performance achieved by the panel was excellent for identifying USA military personnel (AUC: 0.90 (0.86-0.95)) and help-seeking prodromal individuals (AUC: 0.82 (0.71-0.93)) who developed schizophrenia up to 2 years after baseline sampling. The performance increased further using the latter cohort following the incorporation of CAARMS (Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State) positive subscale symptom scores into the model (AUC: 0.90 (0.82-0.98)). The current findings may represent the first successful step towards a test that could address the clinical need for early intervention in psychiatry. Further developments of a combined molecular/symptom-based test will aid clinicians in the identification of vulnerable patients early in the disease process, allowing more effective therapeutic intervention before overt disease onset
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